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 “Reconcentrados”, Remedios, Cuba (1899) [Photographic print on stereo card (one half
of stereograph shown). Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-75979 (b&w film copy neg.).
Strohmeyer & Wyman Publishers, NY.) Library of Congress Prints and Photographs
Division Washington, D.C.].
The Spanish Gen. Valeriano Weyler gathered “campesinos” (farmers) into what we would
now call concentration camps to prevent them from helping or joining the Mambi Army.
As a child, my grandmother Carmen and her family were sent briefly to a
“reconcentration” camp. By the end of 1897, General Weyler had relocated more than
300,000 into such "reconcentration camps.” Although he was successful moving vast
numbers of people, he failed to provide for them adequately. Consequently, these areas
became cesspools of hunger, disease, and starvation where thousands died. In the
propaganda war waged in the United States, Cuban emigrés made much of Weyler's
inhumanity to their countrymen and won the sympathy of broad groups of the U.S.
population to their cause.
Officers of the Mambi Army under the command of Gen. Máximo Gómez, Remedios
(1899) [Photographic print on stereo card (half of stereograph shown). Reproduction
Number: LC-USZ62-107058 (b&w film copy neg.). Strohmeyer & Wyman Publishers, NY.)
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.].
Mambí cavalry under the command of Gen. Máximo Gómez, Remedios (1899)
[Photographic print on stereo card (half of stereograph shown). Strohmeyer & Wyman
Publishers, NY. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-104745 (black and white film copy
neg.). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.].
Spanish Gen. Adolfo Jiménez Castellanos leaving “La Fuerza” escorted by Gen. John
Walter Clous and Gen. James Franklin Wade (1899) [8x10 inches glass negative. Detroit
Publishing Co. no. 021554.Reproduction Number: LC-D4-21554 (b&w glass neg.).
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.].
The pointy wall of “La Fuerza” can be seen behind the gate at the center of the image.
Note the formal US Army guard along the route.
USS Montgomery firing the last salute to Spanish flag at the entrance to the Bay of
Havana (1899) (8x10 inches, black and white glass negative. Detroit Publishing Co., no.
020631. Reproduction Number: LC-D4-20631 (b&w glass neg.). Library of Congress
Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.]. View is probably towards southwest
towards the city.
Raising the American flag at “El Morro” (noon, January 1, 1899) (8x10 inches, black and
white glass negative, Detroit Publishing Co. no. 021546. Reproduction Number: LC-D421546 (b&w glass neg.). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Washington, D.C.]. The flag is to the right of the lighthouse.
Gen. Fitzhugh Lee entering Havana at the head of his army (January 1, 1899)
[Photographic print on stereo card (half of stereograph shown). Strohmeyer & Wyman
Publishers, NY. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-104764 (b&w film copy neg.). .).
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.]. Gen. Lee is to the
left of the image. I love the two little kids at the right.
American troops marching to the Mariano Camp (site of Columbia) after evacuation of
Havana by the Spanish (January 1, 1899) [8x10 inches glass black and white negative.
Detroit Publishing Co. no. 021556. Reproduction Number: LC-D4-21556 (b&w glass
neg.). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.]. Note the
trolley and the tracks in the middle of the street.
Gen. Fitzhugh Lee and staff, Camp Columbia (January 1, 1899) [9x2.5 inches
photographic print, gelatin silver. Russell Brothers, Anniston, AL. Reproduction Number:
LC-USZ62-125805 (b&w film copy neg.) Library of Congress Prints and Photographs
Division Washington, D.C.].
Ra[ising the American flag over the Governor General's Palace, ( January 1, 1899) [8x10
inches glass negative. Detroit Publishing Co. no. 021548. Reproduction Number: LC-D421548 (b&w glass neg.). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Washington, D.C. Note the troops around the central park.
"Old Glory" lowered in honor, that the star [flag] of the Cuban Republic may rise,
“Palacio” (May 20, 1902) [Photographic print on stereo card (one half of stereograph
shown). Underwood & Underwood Publishers. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-65548
(b&w film copy neg.). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,
D.C.].
The birth of a nation - the flag of the Cuban Republic raised over “Palacio” (noon, May
20, 1902) [Photographic print on stereo card (one half of stereograph shown).
Underwood & Underwood Publishers. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-65549 (b&w film
copy neg.). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.].
President Tomás Estrada Palma and his cabinet, Secretaries Zaldo, Tamayo, Terry,
Montes, Díaz and Yero, “Palacio” (1902) [Photographic print on stereo card (one half of
stereograph shown). Underwood & Underwood Publishers. Reproduction Number: LCUSZ62-121582 (b&w film copy neg. of half stereo). Library of Congress Prints and
Photographs Division Washington, D.C.]
Officers of the new Cuban Army (1903) [8x10 inches, black and white glass negative.
Detroit Publishing Co. no. 016761. Reproduction Number: LC-D4-16761. Library of
Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.]. The site is probably the
“Batería de los Doce Apóstoles” in “La Cabaña”.