Download Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia Tipología sintáctica

Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia
Licenciatura en lingüística
Tipología sintáctica
Iván Salgado G. – 2016-1
Predicados de Leipzig VI. DIE
1. Ainu
Tan ay ani acotca ciki kamuy ray ruwe an?
tan ay
ani a=cotca
ciki kamuy ray ruwe
an
this arrow INST IND.A=shoot if bear die INF.EV exist.SG
‘Will a bear die if this arrow hits it?’
[1]
subj[1].V
2. Balinés
Lelipine ento mati.
lelipi=ne
ento mati
snake=DEF that die
‘The snake died.’
[1]
V
3. Bezhta
Iyo yuɣoyo.
iyo
y-uɣo-yo
mother(II).ABS II-die-PST
‘The mother died.’
1-abs abs[1].V
4. Bora
Wajpi ds"́jívé.
wajpi ds"j́ ívé
man die
‘The man died.’
1-nom V
5. Armenio oriental
Maɾdə mahacʰav.
maɾd-ə mahacʰa-v
man-DEF die-AOR.3SG
‘The man died.’
1-nom subj[1].V
6. Inglés
He died when he was sixteen.
he die-d when he was sixteen
he die-PST when he was sixteen
‘He died when he was sixteen.’
1-nom >V.subj[1]
7. Even
Etiken köken.
etiken
köke-n
old_man die-AOR.3SG
‘The old man died.’
1-nom V.subj[1]
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Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia
Licenciatura en lingüística
Tipología sintáctica
Iván Salgado G. – 2016-1
8. Evenki
Beje bučen.
beje bu-če-n
man die-AOR-3SG
‘The man died.’
1-nom V
9. Alemán
Der alte Mann starb.
der
alt-e
Mann
starb
DEF.M.NOM old-SG.M.NOM man(NOM) die.3SG.PST
‘The old man died.’
1-nom V.subj[1]
10. Japonés de Hokkaido
Sono otokoga sinda.
sono otoko=ga
sin-da
that man=NOM die-PST
‘That man died.’
1-nom V
11. Hoocak
a) Wijukra t'ee.
wijuk=ra t'ee
cat=DEF die
‘The cat died.’
1
und[1].V
b) Wijuk ee hanįra howažaxjįra t'ee karagi hii.
wijuk ee
hanį=ra
howaža-xjį=ra
t'ee karagi
hii
cat 3EMPH have.NTL=DEF be.sick-INTS=DEF die cause.own make/CAUS
‘His cat was real sick and he made him kill it.’
c) Waagaxhaja hocieja hošgac hanįhairera, eeja t'ee kįį hiire.
waagaxhaja hoci-eja
hošgac ha-nįhe-ire=ra
eeja t'ee kįį
school
house-there abuse COLL-be/PROG-SBJ.3PL=DEF there die make.self
hii-ire
make/CAUS-SBJ.3PL
‘They bullied him in school and they made him commit suicide.’
12. Islandés
Snákurinn dó.
snákur-inn
dó
snake-the.nom died
‘The snake died’.
1-nom V.agr[1]
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Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia
Licenciatura en lingüística
Tipología sintáctica
Iván Salgado G. – 2016-1
13. Indonesio de Yakarta
a) Kucingnya mati.
kucing-nya mati
cat-ASSOC die
‘The cat died.’
1
V
b) Ibu Dalan baru meninggal.
Ibu
Dalan baru men-(t)inggal
mother Dalan just G.ACT-live
‘Dalan's mother just died.’
14. Jaminjung
Majani yangarra digirrij gajgany.
majani yangarra digirrij ga-jga-ny
maybe kangaroo die
3SG.S-go-PST.PFV
(Many kites are circling there), maybe a kangaroo died.
1-abs subj[1].V
15. Japonés estándar
Musi-ga sin-da.
musi-ga
sin-da
insect-nom die-past
‘The insects died.’
16. Ket
Keˀt duno.
keˀt du-n-qo
person 3SG.M.SBJ-PST-die
‘The man died.’
17. Coreano
Nae gangajiga jugeotta.
nae gangaji-ga jug-eoss-da
my dog-NOM die-PST-DECL
‘My dog is dead. / My dog died.’
18. Chino mandarín
Lǎo Wáng shàngzhōu sǐ le.
Lao Wang shang-zhou si-le
Lao Wang last-week die-PERF
‘Old Wang died last week.’
19. Mandinka
a) Kewó saáta.
kew-ó
saá-ta
man-DEF
die-PF.POS
‘The man died.’
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Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia
Licenciatura en lingüística
Tipología sintáctica
Iván Salgado G. – 2016-1
b) Saajíyo faáta1.
saajíy-o
faá-ta
sheep-DEF kill/die-PF.POS
‘The sheep died / was killed.’
20. Árabe moderno estándar
Māta rraǧulu fī mustašfâ.
māta
r-raǧul-u
fī mustašfâ
die.PRF.3SG.M ART-man.M-NOM in hospital.M.GEN.IDEF
‘The man died in a hospital.’
21. Nen
Ktktqébiwäm geä nzne, bm kr bä nm.
ktktqébi-wäm geä
n-z-ne
bm
kr
bä n-m
taipan-ERG COND 2sgU-bite-ND:IPF:3sgA 2sgABS death FUT 2sgU-be:ND
‘If a taipan bites you, you will die.’
22. Yaqui
U chu'u muuke.
u chu'u muuke
det dog die
‘The dog is dying.’
23. Chatino de Zenzontepec
a) Nteyaja nu chu nkaā wiskā.
ntey-aja nu
chu
n-kaā wiskā
PRG-die NOM NOM.HUM CPL-be churchwarden
‘Those who were churchwardens are dying.’
b) Nkujwi niʔ kíʔyūú.
nku-jwi niʔ
kíʔyū=V́
CPL-die 3SG.RSP male=DEM
‘The man died.’
c) Na kwénāá nkujwi lóʔō na ya látīí.
na kwénā=V́
nku-jwi lóʔō
na ya
látī=V́
ART snake=DEM CPL-die RN.with ART CLF.wood thin=DEM
‘The snake died by stick.’
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Faa is a labile verb; the coding frame corresponding to its intransitive use has been selected arbitrarily, but
faa with the coding frame 1 > 2 > V is also the counterpart of 'kill'.
Speakers tend to avoid using this verb intransitively with a passive meaning, and killing events with an
unspecified agent are rather encoded by means of a transitive construction with a 3rd person plural pronoun in
subject function. It is however possible to find faa used intransitively with a passive meaning, in contexts
triggering a passive interpretation.
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