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Introduction to the Semantic Web
Asunción Gómez-Pérez
{asun}@fi.upm.es
http://www.oeg-upm.net
Omtological Engineering Group
Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial
Facultad de Informática
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Campus de Montegancedo sn,
28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
-1
The problem: Information overload on the WEb
Dynamic
Users
Pages
Static
WWW
URI, HTML, HTTP
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
-2
Japonés
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$74.95 :‫اﻟﺴّﻌﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬:‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬
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Skjøte: Ontological Ingeniørarbeid
Forfatter: Overtakelse Gómez-Pérez...
Pris: 74.95€
Produkt: Bok
Inglés
Noruego
Árabe
The current Web is based on HTML
<b>Skjøte:</b> Ontological Ingeniørarbeid<BR>
<b>Forfatter:</b> Overtakelse Gómez-Pérez... <BR>
<b>Pris:</b> 74.95€<BR>
<b>Produkt:</b> Bok<BR>
Title: Ontological Engineering
Authors: Asunción Gómez-Pérez...
Price: $74.95
Product: Book
<b>Title:</b> Ontological Engineering <BR>
<b>Authors:</b> Asunción Gómez-Pérez... <BR>
<b>Price:</b> $74.95<BR>
<b>Product:</b> Book<BR>
.- HTML is useful for browsing the information
.- Content is language-dependent
.- High cost for keeping the information up-to-date
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
-3
‫ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻓىﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻄﻮ ر‬:‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ ﺁﺳﻨﺴﻴﻮن ﻏﻮﻣﺰـﺒﺮز‬:‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟّﻔﻮن‬
$74.95 :‫اﻟﺴّﻌﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬:‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬
Inglés
Árabe
XML allows the creation of metada with
“meaning”
<‫<اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻓىﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻄﻮ ر >اﻻﺳﻢ‬/‫>اﻻﺳﻢ‬
<‫<ﺁﺳﻨﺴﻴﻮن ﻏﻮﻣﺰـﺒﺮز >اﻟﻤﺆﻟّﻔﻮن‬/‫>اﻟﻤﺆﻟّﻔﻮن‬
<‫>اﻟﺴّﻌﺮ‬$74.95</‫>اﻟﺴّﻌﺮ‬
<‫<اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ >اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬/‫>اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬
Title: Ontological Engineering
Authors: Asunción Gómez-Pérez...
Price: $74.95
Product: Book
<Title>Ontological Engineering</Title>
<Author>Asunción Gómez-Pérez...</Author>
<Price>$74.95</Price>
<Product>Book</Product>
¿What do the tags mean for the machine?
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
-4
The problem of choosing information
.- Find the information
.- Extract relevant information
.- Interpretation by human users
.- Sinthesis
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
-5
The problem of content agregation:
From Madrid to Tokyo
.- Content in different languages (Spanish, English, Japanesse,...)
.- Find out relevant information from heterogeneous sources
.- Extract
.- Interpretation
.- Agregation
.- Consistency of the information
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
-6
What was the Web intended to be?
“... a goal of the Web was that, if the interaction between
person and hypertext could be so intuitive that the
machine-readable information space gave an accurate
representation of the state of people's thoughts,
interactions, and work patterns, then machine analysis
could become a very powerful management tool, seeing
patterns in our work and facilitating our working together
through the typical problems which beset the management
of large organizations.”
[Berners-Lee 1996]
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
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What is the Semantic Web?
“The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in which
information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers
and people to work in cooperation. It is based on the idea of having data
on the Web defined and linked such that it can be used for more effective
discovery, automation, integration, and reuse across various
applications.”
Hendler, J., Berners-Lee, T., and Miller, E.
Integrating Applications on the Semantic Web, 2002,
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/swint.html
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
-8
Why not make the computers do the work?
IBXX is a flight. Its
departure place is
Madrid and its arrival
place is Tokyo.
Madrid is an european
city. Tokyo is an
asian city.
Metadata
Integration
Knowledge
Inference
Herzt is a
rental car
company with
luxury cars in
tokyo.
The new
national theater
is a theater
located in
Tokyo.It has
peformances
every Saturday.
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
Xxx is a
hotel placed
in Tokyo
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Definition of Ontology
“An ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization”
OWL
RDFS
RDF
XML
Consensual
Knowledge
Machine-readable
RDF(S)
Concepts, properties
relations, functions,
constraints, axioms,
are explicitly defined
Abstract model and
simplified view of some
phenomenon in the world
that we want to represent
Living Being
Ontologías
Frames and FoL
Subclass of
Subclass of
Animals
Subclass of
Mammals
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
Plants
Subclass of
Birds
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Ontology in RDF(S)
rdfs:Class rdf:ID="Travel">
<rdfs:comment>A journey from place to
place</rdfs:comment>
</rdfs:Class>
<rdf:Property rdf:ID="arrivalDate">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Travel"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;date"/>
rdfs:Class
</rdf:Property>
<rdf:Property rdf:ID="departureDate">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Travel"/>
rdf:Type <rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;date"/>
</rdf:Property>
RDFS
rdfs:Literal
rdfs:range
rdfs:domain
Travel
rdfs:domai
n
departureDate
rdfs:domain
Company-name
arrivalDate
rdfs:domai
n
singleFare
rdfs:range
rdfs:range
rdfs:range
rdf:Type
units:currencyQuantity
xsd:Date
RDF
rdf:Type
rdf:Type
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
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rdf:Property
rdf:Type
Metadata in RDF
Iberia
Company-name
IB-4321
arrivalDate
singleFare
500 euros
departureDate
10/11/2005
<RS-travel:Travel rdf:ID=“IB-4321">
<RS-travel:Company-name>Iberia</RS-travel:Company-name>
<RS-travel:singleFare>500 Euros</singleFare>
<RS-travel:departureDate rdf:datatype="&xsd;date">2005-11-10 </RS-travel:departureDate>
<RS-travel:arrivalDate rdf:datatype="&xsd;date"> 2005-11-10 </RS-travel:arrivalDate>
<RS-travel:arrivalPlace rdf:resource="#Paris"/>
</RS-travel:Travel>
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
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RDFS
rdfs:Literal
rdfs:Class
rdf:Type
rdfs:range
rdf:Type
rdfs:domain
Travel
rdfs:domain
rdfs:domain
rdfs:domain
Company-name
departureDate
rdfs:range
singleFare
rdfs:range
rdf:Type
arrivalDate
rdf:Type
rdfs:range
rdf:Type
rdf:Type
units:currencyQuantity
time:Date
RDF
rdf:Property
rdf:Type
rdf:Type
Company-name
rdf:Type
“Iberia”
IB-4321
singleFare
arrivalDate
departureDate
10/11/2005
500 euros
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
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Travel.rdfs
rdfs:Class rdf:ID="Travel">
<rdfs:comment>A journey from place to
place</rdfs:comment>
</rdfs:Class>
<rdf:Property rdf:ID="arrivalDate">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Travel"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;date"/>
</rdf:Property>
<rdf:Property rdf:ID="departureDate">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Travel"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="&xsd;date"/>
</rdf:Property>
...
Iberia_Travels.rdf
<RS-travel:Travel rdf:ID=“IB-4321">
<RS-travel:Company-name>Iberia</RS-travel:Company-name>
<RS-travel:singleFare>500 Euros</singleFare>
<RS-travel:departureDate rdf:datatype="&xsd;date">2005-11-10 </RS-travel:departureDate>
<RS-travel:arrivalDate rdf:datatype="&xsd;date"> 2005-11-10 </RS-travel:arrivalDate>
<RS-travel:arrivalPlace rdf:resource="#Paris"/>
</RS-travel:Travel>
...
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
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Language independent
•Protégé-Frames
•WebODE
•OntoEdit
•KAON1
•IODT (IBM)
Language Dependent
• NeOn Toolkit (new) !!
•Protégé-OWL y Protégé 4
•SWOOP
•Ontolingua
•OntoSaurus
•WebOnto
•OilEd ©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
- 15
Creating metadata for processing satelite information
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
- 16
Creating Metadata for Fraud detection in cars
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
- 17
Web services
Control flow description
Terminological problems
Service registries
Service access interface
Communication protocol
Dynamic
Static
Web Services
UDDI, WSDL, SOAP
WWW
URI, HTML, HTTP
Semantic Web
RDF, RDFS, OWL
Semantic
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
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Semantic Web Services
Web services are described using
Ontologies and are expressed in
Semantic web service language
Dynamic
Web Services
UDDI, WSDL, SOAP
WWW
URI, HTML, HTTP
Servicios Web
Semánticos
DAML-S, OWL-S
WSMO
Semantic Web
RDF, RDFS, OWL
Static
Semantic
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
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Semantic Web Scenario
Real world
Intelligent
agents
Users
Companies
Agent
Agent
Agente
Semantic Web Services
Agent
Intelligent
Agents
Metadata
Repositories /tools
P2P system
RDF(S)
DAML+OIL
OWL
Current Web
Documents
applications
Emails
Online DB
(Unknown
schema)
Web services
Static Web pages
Restricted Webs
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
Dynamic Web pages
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Ontological Engineering for the Semantic Web
Applications
Build Ontologies
Methodologies and
methods
Tools
Reasoners
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
Lenguages
- 21
Introduction to the Semantic Web
Asunción Gómez-Pérez
{asun}@fi.upm.es
http://www.oeg-upm.net
Omtological Engineering Group
Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial
Facultad de Informática
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Campus de Montegancedo sn,
28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
©Asunción Gómez-Pérez
- 22