1
Download VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES Por la manera en que se
Document related concepts
Transcript
VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES Por la manera en que se conjugan, se pueden distinguir dos clases de verbos: regulares e irregulares. Los verbos regulares son los que conservan la misma raíz en todas sus formas y tienen las desinencias del modelo de su conjugación (saltar, comer, vivir). Presente Pretérito perfecto simple saltar (modelo) salt-o salt-é contestar contest-o contest-é Futuro salt-aré contest-aré Se consideran regulares los verbos que tienen cambios en su raíz en algunas de sus formas por motivos únicamente ortográficos: Presente Pretérito perfecto simple Futuro cazar caz-o coger coj-o cac-é cog-í caz-aré cog-eré Los verbos irregulares son los que no conservan igual la raíz en todas sus formas, o tienen desinencias distintas del modelo de su conjugación, o ambas cosas. Para saber si un verbo es regular o irregular basta observar las siguientes formas: • • • Primera persona del singular del presente de indicativo. Tercera persona del singular del pretérito perfecto simple. Primera persona del singular del futuro de indicativo. Presente Pretérito perfecto simple Futuro saltar (modelo) salt-o salt-ó salt-aré mostrar muestr-o mostr-ó mostr-aré andar and-o and-uvo and-aré IRREGULAR VERBS INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE SIGNIFICADO abide abode abode tolerar, soportar arise arose arisen surgir, plantear awake awoke awoke despertarse be was/were been ser, estar beat beat beaten golpear, latir, batir become became become llegar a ser begin began begun comenzar bend bent bent doblarse, inclinarse bet bet bet apostar en algo bind bound bound atar, unir, ligar bind bound bound atar, unir, ligar bite bit bitten morder/se bleed bled bled sangrar blow blew blown soplar, hacer sonar break broke broken romper breed bred bred criar, reproducir/se bring brought brought traer build built built construir buy bought bought comprar catch caught caught agarrar choose chose chosen elegir come came come venir creep crept crept arrastrar, deslizarse cut cut cut cortar deal dealt dealt tratar, ocuparse dig dug dug cavar, excavar do [does] did done hacer draw drew drawn dibujar, atraer drink drank drunk beber drive drove driven conducir eat ate eaten comer fall fell fallen caer feed fed fed alimentar feel felt felt sentir fight fought fought luchar, pelear find found found encontrar fling flung flung arrojar, lanzar fly flew flown volar forget forgot forgotten olvidar freeze froze frozen helar, congelar get got got/gotten obtener, conseguir give gave given dar go went gone ir grind ground ground moler grow grew grown cultivar, crecer hang hung hung colgar have [have/has] had had tener, haber hear heard heard oír hide hid hidden ocultar, esconder hit hit hit golpear hold held held sostener, soportar keep kept kept guardar, conservar kneel knelt knelt arrodillarse know knew known saber, conocer lead led led guiar, conducir lend lent lent prestar learn learnt learnt aprender leave left left irse, dejar, partir lose lost lost perder make made made hacer, fabricar mean meant meant significar meet met met encontrarse con pay paid paid pagar put put put poner, colocar read read read leer ride rode ridden cabalgar ring rang rung sonar run ran run correr say said said decir see saw seen ver seek sought sought buscar sell sold sold vender send sent sent enviar shake shook shaken agitar, sacudir shine shone shone brillar, resplandecer shoot shot shot pegar un tiro show showed shown mostrar, demostrar shrink shrank shrunk encogerse (tamaño) shut shut shut cerrar sing sang sung cantar sink sank sunk hundir/se sit sat sat sentar/se slay slew slain asesinar sleep slept slept dormir slide slid slid resbalar, deslizar sling slung slung lanzar con fuerza smell smelt smelt oler speak spoke spoken hablar spend spent spent gastar, pasar spin spun spun girar, hilar stand stood stood pararse steal stole stolen robar stick stuck stuck pinchar, atascarse sting stung stung picar, arder stride strode strode dar pasos largos strike struck struck golpear, sonar strive strove striven esforzarse swear swore sworn jurar, maldecir sweep swept swept barrer swell swelled swollen hinchar/se swim swam swum nadar take took taken tomar, llevar teach taught taught enseñar tear tore torn rasgar, arrancar tell told told decir, contar think thought thought pensar, creer thrive throve thriven crecer, prosperar throw threw thrown tirar, arrojar tread trod trodden pisar, aplastar understood understood entender, comprender undo undid undone deshacer wake woke woken despertarse wear wore worn vestir, usar (ropa) understand win won won ganar wind wound wound serpentear, enrollar write wrote written escribir REGULAR VERBS INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE SIGNIFICADO Abridge Abridged Abridged Compendiar Accomplish Accomplished Accomplished Efectuar, verificar Acknowledge Acknowledged Acknowledged Reconocido Achieve Achieved Achieved Ejecutar, realizar Add Added Added Sumar, añadir Adjust Adjusted Adjusted Ajustar Agre Agreed Agreed Estar de acuerdo Agree Agreed Agreed Convenir, estar de acuerdo Aim Aimed Aimed Pretender Alleviate Alleviated Alleviated Aliviar, mitigar Analyze Analyzed Analyzed Analizar Antedate Antedated Antedated Antedatar Apportion Apportioned Apportioned Prorratear, repartir, adjudicar Approve Approved Approved Aprobar, confirmar Arrive Arrived Arrived Arribar, llegar Assign Assigned Assigned Asignar Associate Associated Associated Asociar, juntar, asociado Assume Assumed Assumed Suponer, asumir Attain Attained Attained Lograr, alcanzar, obtener Authorize Authorized Authorized Autorizar Avoid Avoided Avoided Evitar Base Based Based Basar Block Blocked Blocked Bloquear, cerrar Borrow Borrowed Borrowed Pedir prestado Broaden Broadned Broadned Ensanchar Budget Budgeted Budgeted Presupuestar Call Called Called Llamar Carry Carried Carried Llevar Carry out Carried out Carried out Realizar Certify Certified Certified Certificar Classify Classified Classified Clasificar Close Closed Closed Cerrar Close out Closed out Closed out Liquidar Code Coded Coded Codificar Collect Collected Collected Cobrar Combine Combined Combined Combinar Complete Completed Completed Completar Concounter Encountered Encountered Encontrar Consent Consented Consented Consentir Consume Consumed Consumed Consumir Contain Contained Contained Contener Contitute Contituted Contituted Constituir Control Controlled Controlled Controlar Control Contolled Controlled Controlar Controll Controlled Controlled Controlar Convert Converted Converted Convertir Cover Covered Covered Cubrir Cover Covered Covered Cubrir Create Created Created Crear Cross Crossed Crossed Cruzar atravesar Change Changed Changed Cambiar Check Cheked Cheked Confrontar Date Dated Dated Fechar Declare Declared Declared Declarar Decrease Decreased Decreased Disminuir Dedicate Dedicated Dedicated Dedicar Deduct Deducted Deducted Restar Define Defined Defined Definir Demand Demanded Demanded Exigir, demandar Deposit Deposited Deposited Depositar Design Designed Designed Diseñar Detail Detailed Detailed Detallar Determine Determined Determined Determinar Determine Determined Determined Determinar Devise Devised Devised Idear, inventar Devote Devoted Devoted Dedicar, consagrar Die Died Died Morir Direct Directed Directed Dirigir Discover Discovered Discovered Descubrir Discuss Discussed Discussed Comentar, discutir Disregard Disregarded Disregarded Hacer caso omiso de Divide Divided Divided Dividir Effect Effected Effected Efectuar Elect Elected Elected Elegir Embrace Embraced Embraced Abarcar, abrazar Employ Employed Employed Emplear Empty Emptied Emptied Vaciar Enact Enacted Enacted Establecer, estatuir End Ended Ended Concluir, terminar Endorse Endorsed Endorsed Endosar Enter Entered Entered Registrar, dar entrada Equal Equaled Equaled Igualar Establish Established Established Establecer Estimate Estimated Estimated Estimar, calcular Evaluate Evaluated Evaluated Evaluar Evidence Evidenced Evidenced Evidenciar Exchange Exchanged Exchanged Cambiar, canjear Exist Existed Existed Existir Expect Expected Expected Esperar, suponer Expire Expired Expired Expirar Extend Extended Extended Extender, amplificar Finance Financed Financed Financiar Finish Finished Finished Finalizar, terminar, acabar Fire Fired Fired Despedir (empleados) Focus Focused Focused Enfocar, concentrar Follow Followed Followed Seguir Found Founded Founded Fundar, cimentar Furnish Furnished Furnished Gangpunch Gangpunched Gangpunched Surtir, proporcionar, amueblar Muliperforar Generate Generated Generated Engendrar, producir Handle Handled Handled Manejar Handle Handled Handled Manejar Hire Hired Hired Contratar, asalariar Identify Indentified Indentified Identificar Improve Improved Improved Mejorar Include Included Included Incluir Increase Increased Increased Aumentar Incur Incurred Incurred Incurrir Indicate Indicated Indicated Indicar Inform Informed Informed Informar Inscribe Inscribed Inscribed Inscribir Install Installed Installed Instalar Intent Intented Intented Intentar, destinar Introduce Introduced Introduced Introducir Invest Invested Invested Invertir Investigate Investigated Investigated Investigar Involve Involved Involved Involucrar Journalize Journalized Journalized Asentar en el diario Look for Looked for Looked for Buscar Mail Mailed Mailed Enviar por correo Manage Managed Managed Dirigir, administrar Mention Mentioned Mentioned Mencionar Modify Modified Modified Modificar Obtain Obtained Obtained Obtener Open Opened Opened Abrir Organize Organized Organized Organizar Own Owned Owned Poseer Petition Petitioned Petitioned Suplicar, rogar Plan Planned Planned Planear Plan Planned Planned Planear Point Pointed Pointed Apuntar, señalar Point out Pointed out Pointed out Señalar, hacer notar Post Posted Posted Pasar al mayor Practice Practiced Practiced Practicar Prefer Prefered Prefered Preferir Prepare Prepared Prepared Preparar Present Presented Presented Presentar Prevent Prevented Prevented Prevenir, evitar Prevent Prevented Prevented Prevenir Price Priced Priced Print Printed Printed Valuar, valorar, poner precio Imprimir Protect Protected Protected Proteger Prove Proved Proved Probar, comprobar Provide Provided Provided Proporcionar, surtir Provide Provided Provided Proveer, proporcionar Purchase Purchased Purchased Comprar Range Ranged Ranged Variar, fluctuar Reach Reached Reached Lograr, alcanzar Realize Relized Relized Darse cuenta Receive Received Received Recibir Recommend Recommended Recommended Recomendar Record Recorded Recorded Registrar Reduce Reduced Reduced Reducir Regard Regarded Regarded Observar, considerar Register Registered Registered Registrar Reimburse Reimbursed Reimbursed Reembolsar Reimburse Reimbursed Reimbursed Reembolsar Relieve Relieved Relieved Relevar, remediar Remain Remanied Remanied Permanecer, quedar Render Rendered Rendered Prestar, suministrar Replace Replaced Replaced Reponer, suplir Replenish Replenished Replenished Relenar, surtir de nuevo Represent Represented Represented Representar Restrict Restricted Restricted Restringir Return Returned Returned Retornar Review Reviewed Reviewed Revisar Rule Ruled Ruled Gobernar, rayar Satisfy Satisfied Satisfied Satisfacer Save Saved Saved Salvar, ahorar Secure Secured Secured Asegurar, obtener Separate Separated Separated Separar Serv Served Served Servir Share Shared Shared Repartir, compartir Sign Signed Signed Firmar Specialize Specialized Specialized Especializarse State Stated Stated Expresar, declarar Study Studied Studied Estudiar Subdivide Subdivided Subdivided Subdividir Subtract Subtracted Subtracted Substrear, restar Sue Sued Sued Demandar Summarize Summarized Summarized Resumir, compendiar Supervise Supervised Supervised Supervisar Support Supported Supported Sostener Temper Tempered Tempered Moderar, modificar, ajustar Term Termed Termed Denominar Total Totaled Totaled Totalizar Trade Traded Traded Comerciar Transfer Transfered Transfered Transferir, traspasar Treat Treated Treated Tratar Turn out Turned out Turned out Producir, sacar Use Used Used Usar Utilize Utilized Utilized Utilizar Verify Verified Verified Verificar Watch Watched Watched Vigilar, observar Work Worked Worked Trabajar TIEMPOS VERBALES-VERB TENSES Present tenses- Tiempos verbales de presente. Simple Present tense- Presente simple. Este es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tienen lugar en el presente y con una frecuencia determinada, es decir, cada día, cada mañana, etc. Ej.: John washes the dishes every day. (John lava los platos cada día). Forma negativa del Simple Present: Sujeto+Do not o don't/does not o doesn't +verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: John does not/doesn't wash the dishes every day. Forma interrogativa del Simple Present: Do/does+ sujeto+ verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: Does John wash the dishes every day? Para la negación y la interrogación de las frases con este tiempo verbal, necesitamos el verbo auxiliar (to) do. Present Continuous/Progressive tense- Presente Continuo: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tienen lugar en el presente, en el mismo momento en el que se está enunciando la frase. El Present Continuous se forma con el presente del verbo (to) be más el verbo de la acción en gerundio (Infinitivo+-ing). Ej.: John is washing the dishes right now. (John está lavando los platos ahora mismo). Forma negativa del Present Continuous/Progressive: Sujeto+is/are+not+verbo de la acción en gerundio+ Complementos. Ej: John is not/isn't washing the dishes right now. Forma interrogativa del Present Continuous/Progressive: Is/are+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la acción en gerundio+ Complementos? Past tenses-Tiempos verbales de pasado. Simple past tense- Pasado simple: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, sin que importe excesivamente el momento del pasado en el que tuvieron lugar. Ej.: John washed the dishes yesterday evening. (John lavó los platos ayer por la tarde). Para construir las formas negativa e interrogativa del Simple Past, necesitamos la ayuda del verbo auxiliar (to) do, esta vez con su tiempo en pasado, DID. Forma negativa del Simple Past: Sujeto+ DID not/didn't+ Verbo de la acción en infinitivo+Complementos. Ej.: John didn't wash the dishes yesterday evening. Forma interrogativa del Simple Past: DID+ Sujeto+ verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos. Did John wash the dishes yesterday evening? En inglés, hay dos tipos de Simple Past o de pasado simple: el regular o el irregular. Los verbos regulares forman el Simple Past añadiendo el sufijo -ed al infinitivo y los verbos irregulares forman su Simple Past sin seguir ninguna regla. En este apartado de la página tienes acceso a la lista completa de todos los verbos irregulares que hay en inglés. Un ejemplo de Simple Past regular es el del verbo (to) wash= (lavar), cuyo Simple Past es washed y un ejemplo de verbo irregular es el de (to) break= (romper) , cuyo Simple Past es broke. Past Continuous/Progressive Tense- Pasado continuo: Es un tiempo verbal en el que se expresan acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, pero en un momento concreto. Este tiempo verbal se forma con el pasado del verbo (to) be (was o were)+ el verbo de la acción en gerundio (infinitivo+-ing). Ej: John was washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night. (John estaba lavando los platos a las ocho ayer por la noche). Forma negativa del Past Continous/Progressive: Sujeto+ Was not o wasn't/were not o weren't+ Verbo de la acción en gerundio+ Complementos. Ej.: John was not/wasn't washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night. Forma interrogativa del Past Continuous/Progressive: Was/were+Sujeto+Verbo de la acción en gerundio+ Complementos?. Ej.: Was John washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night? Present Perfect tense- Pretérito Perfecto: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado muy reciente. Este tiempo verbal se forma con el presente del verbo (to) have, has o have+el participio del verbo de la acción: Regular (Infinitivo+ed) o Irregular (tercera columna de la lista de verbos irregulares). Ej.: John has washed the dishes this morning. (John ha lavado los platos esta mañana). Forma negativa del Present Perfect Tense: Sujeto+ has not o hasn't /have not o haven't + Verbo de la acción en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: John has not/ hasn't washed the dishes this morning. Forma interrogativa del Present Perfect Tense: Has/Have+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la acción en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: Has John washed the dishes this morning? Past perfect tense-Pretérito pluscuamperfecto: Es un tiempo verbal que expresa acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado menos reciente que el que se expresa en el Present Perfect. Es lo que se denomina el pasado del pasado (past in the past). Se forma con el verbo (to) have en pasado, had+ el participio del verbo de la acción: Regular (Infinitivo+ed) o Irregular (tercera columna de la lista de verbos irregulares). Ej: John had washed the dishes at two in the afternoon. (John había lavado los platos a las dos de la tarde). Forma negativa del Past Perfect Tense: Sujeto+ had not/hadn't+ Verbo de la acción en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: John had not/hadn't washed the dishes at two in the afternoon. Forma interrogativa del Past Perfect Tense: Had+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la acción en participio+ Complementos. Future tenses- Tiempos verbales de futuro Simple future- Futuro simple: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tendrán lugar en un futuro, sin importar excesivamente el momento. Se forma con la partícula will+ el infinitivo del verbo de la acción sin el (to). Ej.: John will wash the dishes tomorrow. (John lavará los platos mañana). Forma negativa del Simple Future: Sujeto+ will not/won't+ Verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: John will not/ won't wash the dishes tomorrow. Forma interrogativa del Simple Future: Will+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: Will John wash the dishes tomorrow?. Near future- Futuro próximo: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que van a tener lugar en el futuro, pero se trata de un futuro muy cercano al momento en el que se habla. Se forma con el verbo (to) be en presente (is o are), seguido de GOING TO+ el infinitivo del verbo de la acción. Ej.: John is going to wash the dishes tonight. (John va a lavar los platos esta noche). Forma negativa del Near Future: Sujeto+ is not o isn't/ are not o aren't+ Going to+ Verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: John is not/isn't going to wash the dishes tonight. Forma interrogativa del Near Future: Is/are+ Sujeto+ Going to+ Verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos?. Ej.: Is John going to wash the dishes tonight?
