Download Crianza Selectiva - Hicksville Public Schools

Aim: How does genetic engineering
compare and contrast to selective
breeding?
Objetivo: ¿Cómo ingeniería genética se
compara con la cría selectiva?
Selective Breeding/ Artificial Selection
Seleccion Artifical de crias
Can you define Selective Breeding?
Que es la seleccion de crias artificial?
• The process of choosing a few organisms with
desirable traits to serve as the parents of the next
generation.
• El proceso de elección de unos organismos con
características deseables como los padres de la
próxima generación.
Types of Selective Breeding/ Tipos de seleccion
de crias artificial
Hybridization/Crossbreed
ing: is the process of
crossing dissimilar
individuals to bring together
the best of both
organisms.
+
Hibridación/mestizaje:
es el proceso de cruzar
individuos disímiles
para reunir lo mejor de
ambos organismos.
Real Example of Hybridization:
+
Horse
Big, Fast,
Excitable
=
Hybrid
Donkey
Mule
Small, Slow, Strong,Calm
Calm
Endurance,
The hybrid is often stronger and hardier
than its parents: Hybrid Vigor
Real Example of Hybridization:
Burbank’s hybrid crosses
combined the disease
resistance of one plant
with the food-producing
capacity of another.
1872 - American horticulturist Luther Burbank
(1849-1926) developed a special potato.
Burbank, while trying to improve the Irish potato,
developed a hybrid that was more disease
resistant. He introduced the Burbank potato to
Ireland to help combat the blight epidemic.
Types of Selective Breeding/Tipos de seleccion
de crias artificial
Inbreeding: is the continued breeding of organisms with
similar characteristics
Consanguinidad: es la cría continua de organismos con
características similares
Breeders try to maintain certain characteristics.
Los criadores intentan mantener ciertas
características.
Inbreeding/ Consanguinidad
Advantages:
- desirable traits, like
resistance to disease
or strength of an
organism, are collected.
Ventajas: se consiguen
rasgos deseables, como
resistencia a la
enfermedad o fortaleza
de un organismo.
Disadvantages:
-recessive disorders
tend to increase.
Desventajas: trastornos
recesivos tienden a
aumentar.
Risks of Inbreeding / Riesgos de la consanguinidad
What is a Recessive Disorder?
Que es un desorden recesivo?
An inherited disorder that occurs
when the offspring receives
a “bad” gene from each parent.
Un desorden heredado que
ocurre cuando el decendiente
Tay-Sachs Disease
recive un gen ‘malo’ de cada
Chromosome pair 15
progenitor.
1 out of 27 Jews are carriers for this
disease.
1 de 27 Judios
enfermedad.
cargan
esta
Types of Selective Breeding:
Mass Selection: is
choosing the best plants
and animals from a large
number for further
breeding.
Selección en masa: es
elegir las mejores
plantas y animales de
una gran cantidad de
cría.
What are some benefits of selective breeding?
Cuales son los beneficios?
1)Produce crops resistant to disease.
Producir cocechas resistentes a la
enfermedad.
2)Produce crops that are bigger
Producir cocehas mas grandes
3)Produce animals that have less fat.
Producir animales con menos grasa.
4)Seedless fruit!!! Frutas sin semillas!
Genetic Engineering vs. Selective
Breeding:
Genetic engineering
requires the altering of
genes to get desired
characteristics.
Selective Breeding
utilizes Natural
reproduction to get
desired characteristics.
Ingeniería genética
requiere la alteración de
genes para obtener las
características
deseadas.
Cría selectiva utiliza
reproducción Natural
para obtener las
características
deseadas.
Causes of Genetic Disease:
Causas de enfermedades geneticas:
N = normal gene (Dominant)/
gen normal (dominante)
n = disease causing gene (Recessive)
gen que causa enfermedad (Recesivo)
Individuals carry two genes for the same trait (alleles).
Individuos tienen dos genes para cada caracteristica (alelos).
We get one gene from our mom and one gene from dad.
Recivimos un gen de la madre y uno del padre.
Genetic Defects:
NN = This individual has two copies of the normal gene and the
offspring will be OK.
Esta persona tiene dos copias del gen normal. El bebe
estara bien.
Nn = This individual has one good gene and one bad gene. This
individual is OK, but it is possible that offspring could be
affected.
Esta persona tiene una copia del gene normal. El bebe
estara bien, pero puede pasar el gen malo a la proxima
generacion.
nn = Person has the disease.
La persona tiene la enfermedad