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Aim: How does genetic engineering compare and contrast to selective breeding? Objetivo: ¿Cómo ingeniería genética se compara con la cría selectiva? Selective Breeding/ Artificial Selection Seleccion Artifical de crias Can you define Selective Breeding? Que es la seleccion de crias artificial? • The process of choosing a few organisms with desirable traits to serve as the parents of the next generation. • El proceso de elección de unos organismos con características deseables como los padres de la próxima generación. Types of Selective Breeding/ Tipos de seleccion de crias artificial Hybridization/Crossbreed ing: is the process of crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms. + Hibridación/mestizaje: es el proceso de cruzar individuos disímiles para reunir lo mejor de ambos organismos. Real Example of Hybridization: + Horse Big, Fast, Excitable = Hybrid Donkey Mule Small, Slow, Strong,Calm Calm Endurance, The hybrid is often stronger and hardier than its parents: Hybrid Vigor Real Example of Hybridization: Burbank’s hybrid crosses combined the disease resistance of one plant with the food-producing capacity of another. 1872 - American horticulturist Luther Burbank (1849-1926) developed a special potato. Burbank, while trying to improve the Irish potato, developed a hybrid that was more disease resistant. He introduced the Burbank potato to Ireland to help combat the blight epidemic. Types of Selective Breeding/Tipos de seleccion de crias artificial Inbreeding: is the continued breeding of organisms with similar characteristics Consanguinidad: es la cría continua de organismos con características similares Breeders try to maintain certain characteristics. Los criadores intentan mantener ciertas características. Inbreeding/ Consanguinidad Advantages: - desirable traits, like resistance to disease or strength of an organism, are collected. Ventajas: se consiguen rasgos deseables, como resistencia a la enfermedad o fortaleza de un organismo. Disadvantages: -recessive disorders tend to increase. Desventajas: trastornos recesivos tienden a aumentar. Risks of Inbreeding / Riesgos de la consanguinidad What is a Recessive Disorder? Que es un desorden recesivo? An inherited disorder that occurs when the offspring receives a “bad” gene from each parent. Un desorden heredado que ocurre cuando el decendiente Tay-Sachs Disease recive un gen ‘malo’ de cada Chromosome pair 15 progenitor. 1 out of 27 Jews are carriers for this disease. 1 de 27 Judios enfermedad. cargan esta Types of Selective Breeding: Mass Selection: is choosing the best plants and animals from a large number for further breeding. Selección en masa: es elegir las mejores plantas y animales de una gran cantidad de cría. What are some benefits of selective breeding? Cuales son los beneficios? 1)Produce crops resistant to disease. Producir cocechas resistentes a la enfermedad. 2)Produce crops that are bigger Producir cocehas mas grandes 3)Produce animals that have less fat. Producir animales con menos grasa. 4)Seedless fruit!!! Frutas sin semillas! Genetic Engineering vs. Selective Breeding: Genetic engineering requires the altering of genes to get desired characteristics. Selective Breeding utilizes Natural reproduction to get desired characteristics. Ingeniería genética requiere la alteración de genes para obtener las características deseadas. Cría selectiva utiliza reproducción Natural para obtener las características deseadas. Causes of Genetic Disease: Causas de enfermedades geneticas: N = normal gene (Dominant)/ gen normal (dominante) n = disease causing gene (Recessive) gen que causa enfermedad (Recesivo) Individuals carry two genes for the same trait (alleles). Individuos tienen dos genes para cada caracteristica (alelos). We get one gene from our mom and one gene from dad. Recivimos un gen de la madre y uno del padre. Genetic Defects: NN = This individual has two copies of the normal gene and the offspring will be OK. Esta persona tiene dos copias del gen normal. El bebe estara bien. Nn = This individual has one good gene and one bad gene. This individual is OK, but it is possible that offspring could be affected. Esta persona tiene una copia del gene normal. El bebe estara bien, pero puede pasar el gen malo a la proxima generacion. nn = Person has the disease. La persona tiene la enfermedad