Download B) Oraciones interrogativas ( Reported questions)

REPORTED SPEECH (ESTILO INDIRECTO)
El estilo indirecto se usa para contarle a alguien lo que otra persona ha dicho, sin utilizar sus palabras
de forma literal.
He told me: “ I gave you my book yesterday “ ( DIRECT SPEECH)
He told me (that) he had given me his book the day before (INDIRECT OR REPORTED SPEECH)
La estructura es un poco diferente dependiendo si queremos transformar una oración enunciativa,
pregunta u orden.
Cuando transformamos oraciones, se tiene que llevar a cabo una serie de cambios que afectan a los
pronombres, tiempos verbales, expresiones de lugar y de tiempo, la puntuación ( pérdida de los dos
puntos y comillas) e incluso cambia el orden de la frase ( preguntas )
1. CAMBIO EN LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES
¡ IMPORTANTE!
1. Cuando el verbo introductor del estilo indirecto está en “present tense “ or “future tense ”, los
tiempos verbales de la oración indirecta no cambian
They say :´We live near here´ They say (that) they live near here
He says: ´I don´t want to study´
He says (that) he doesn´t want to study
2. También esto ocurre cuando la oración indica una verdad universal:
He said: ´Smoking kills´ =
He said (that) smoking kills
Sin embargo cuando el verbo introductor está en pasado ( past tense ) , los cambios (backshift ) que se
producen son los siguientes:
DIRECT SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE
PAST SIMPLE
She said, I am happy".
(Ella dijo, "Estoy feliz")
He said: "I work everyday".
(El dijo, "Trabajo a diario")
She said that she was happy .
(Ella dijo que estaba feliz)
He said that he worked everyday.
(El dijo que trabajaba a diario)
PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE
PAST CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE
You said, "They are reading".
(Usted dijo, "Ellos/as están leyendo")
You said that they were reading.
(Usted dijo que ellos/as estaban leyendo)
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
He said, "I have bought a car".
He said that he had bought a car.
(El dijo, "He comprado un auto")
(El dijo que había comprado un auto)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
He said, "I have been studying”.
(El dijo, ´” he estado estudiando")
He said that he had been studying.
(El dijo que había estado estudiando)
PAST SIMPLE
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
He said, "I bought a piano".
(El dijo, "Compré un piano")
He said that he had bought a piano.
(El dijo que había comprado un piano)
PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
He said, "I was working ".
(El dijo, "Estuve/Estaba trabajando")
He said that he had been working .
(El dijo que había estado trabajando)
FUTURE OF INTENTION (going to)
PAST OF INTENTION (going to)
She said, "I am going to win".
(Ella dijo, "Voy a ganar")
She said that she was going to win.
(Ella dijo que iba a ganar)
FUTURE SIMPLE
CONDITIONAL SIMPLE
They said, "We will lose ".
(Ellos dijeron, "Perderemos")
They said that they would lose .
(Ellos dijeron que perderían)
FUTURE PERFECT
PERFECT CONDITIONAL
He said, "I will have bought the house by
June 2010".
(El dijo, "Habré comprado la casa
para junio 2010")
He said that he would have bought the house
by June 2010.
(El dijo que habría comprado la casa
para junio 2010)
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
CONTINUOUS CONDITIONAL
She said, "I will be having tea with Helen at 5
pm".
(Ella dijo, "Estaré tomando el té con
Helen a las 5 de la tarde")
She said that she would be having tea with
Helen at 5 pm.
(Ella dijo que estaría tomando el té con
Helen a las 5 de la tarde)
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
She said, "I have been painting
the walls".
(Ella dijo, "He estado pintando las paredes")
She said that she had been painting the
walls.
(Ella dijo que había estado pintando las paredes)
DIRECT SPEECH
MODAL VERBS
REPORTED SPEECH
CAN
COULD
SHALL
SHOULD
MUST
HAD TO
HAVE TO
HAD TO
MAY
MIGHT
¡ IMPORTANTE! : PAST PERFECT SIMPLE, WOULD, COULD , SHOULD, HAD TO ,
USED TO , OUGHT TO NO CAMBIAN.
2.CAMBIO EN LOS PRONOMBRES PERSONALES Y
POSESIVOS, DETERMINANTES POSESIVOS

EMISOR
ESTILO DIRECTO ( 1º PERSONA)
I * Me
My Mine
We *
us
our
ours

ESTILO INDIRECTO ( 3º PERSONA)
He/she
Him/her
His/her
His/hers
They
them
their
theirs
Normalmente la primera persona cambia a tercera persona, a excepción :
I said `I´m studying very hard´
I said I was studying very hard
We told them ´We are playing football´

You (1)
We told them we were playing football
RECEPTOR
you(2)
your (3)
yours(4)
She said ` I can´t find my purse ´
DEPENDIENDO A QUIEN ESTE DIRIGIDA LA
INFORMACION (RECEPTOR) :
(1)I, he, she ,it, we, they
(2)Me, him, her, it, us, them
(3)My, his, her, its, our, their
(4)Mine, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
…….. she said she couldn´t find her purse
He said to us ` I want you to come´ ……….. he told us he wanted us to come
I told them´ I´ll help you with the homework´…. I told them I would help them with the homework
3.CAMBIO EN LAS EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO Y LUGAR
DIRECT S
REPORTED S
DIRECT S
REPORTED S
this
that or the*
next year…
the following year…
these
those or the*
yesterday
the day before /the previous day
here
there
now
then
tomorrow
ago
before
the day before
yesterday
today
that day
last year/month..
the previous year/month..
Tonight
that night
the next day or
the following day
the day after
tomorrow
two days
before
in two days time
or two
Yesterday evening
Last evening
Tomorrow morning…

The following morning…
This/these cambian a that/those cuando van seguidos de expresion de tiempo:
This morning ………. That morning these days ……….those days

This/these cambian a the cuando van seguidos de sustantivo:
He said `I want this car´……….. He said he wanted the car
4. VERBOS INTRODUCTORES : SAY , TELL , ASK

SAY
Los verbos introductores más comunes son : say ,tell and ask.
- sin objecto directo :
He said `I´m still tired´
- con objecto directo: ` I´m still tired´
He said he was still tired
He said to me he was still tired
Error común : `I´m still a bit dizzy´ he said me
IMPORTANTE
 La forma verbal “ say to” no se puede usar en el estilo indirecto, es necesario cambiarlo a tell.
Veamos el siguiente ejemplo:
He said to me `I´m reading Romeo and Juliet ´
He told me he was reading Romeo and Juliet
* Este caso suele suceder en las oraciones declarativas, aunque no hay que descartar el resto de
oraciones
TELL - siempre va seguido de obj directo : He told me ´I´m still tired´ He told me he was still tired
ASK - es obligatorio usarlo en las oraciones interrogativas. Por lo tanto si una oración interrogativa
en estilo directo está introducida por (to) say / tell , es necesaria cambiarlo a (to) ask al pasarla a estilo
indirecto, veamos el ejemplo:
He told me : “ What time is it?”
He asked me what time it was
5. TIPO DE ORACIONES
A) Oraciones enunciativas ( declarative statements )
He said : “ He is at the station”
=
He said (THAT) He was at the station
He told me : “ I will tell you something important” = He told me (THAT) He would tell me something
important
B) Oraciones interrogativas ( Reported questions)

El verbo introductor más común usado en las oraciones interrogativas es : ask. Por lo tanto si
en la oración de estilo directo, el verbo introductor es say o tell, al pasar a estilo indirecto
cambia a ask .
He told me : ` What are you doing´
He asked me what I was doing
Otros verbos introductores usados en las oraciones interrogativas son los siguientes : know, want
to know, wonder…
DOS TIPOS:
1. ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS SIMPLES (YES/NO QUESTIONS)
He asked me: Are you going to the party tonight? = He asked me IF I was going to the party that night


Nexo – enlace : IF
Oración interrogativa : cambia de orden y pasa a adquirir el orden de una oración enunciativa
He asked her : Do you want something to eat? = He asked her IF she wanted something to eat
2. ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS WH- QUESTIONS ( Con partícula interrogativa)
He asked me: “Why did you bring her this box? = He asked me WHY I had brought her that box


Nexo – enlace : partícula interrogativa de la oración a transformar ( wh- question)
Oración interrogativa: cambia de orden como la anterior ( Suj+Verbo )
He asked me : When will you go here? = He asked me WHEN I would go there
C) Ordenes ( Reported commands or requests )
ESTILO DIRECTO
Imperative
ESTILO INDIRECTO
To+ infinitive / not to+ infinitive
Her mother told her : “Don`t play” = Her mother told her NOT TO play
They told us : “ Read this book” =
They told us TO read that book
Verbos introductorios ( Reporting Verbs)
Como se ha especificado anteriormente, los verbos introductores más usuales son :
SAY / TELL
ASK
Pero hay tambien otros verbos que hay que tener en cuenta, y dependiendo del verbo la oración de
estilo indirecto puede estar expresada de una forma u otra, es decir, siguiendo la regla normal ( that..) ,
o infinitivo o gerundio
VERBO
Advise someone
(aconsejar)
Agree ( estar de
acuerdo)
Answer ( contestar)
Beg ( rogar)
Complain(quejarse)
Deny ( negarse)
Explain ( explicar)
Insist ( insistir)
Invite ( invitar)
Offer ( ofrecer)
Point out ( destacar)
Refuse ( rechazar)
THAT...
TO + INFINITIVO
Advise Sb (not) to do
sth:
I Advised you not to
play there
Agree that :
Agree to do Sth:
I agreed that she could I agreed to make a
go there ( Cuando no
barbecue (Cuando tú
participas en la acción) participas en la acción)
Answer that:
He answered (that) he
wanted to go
Beg Sb to do sth :
He begged her to tell
her everything
Complain (that):
He complained that
everybody was making
noise ( se queja en
general)
Deny (that) :
He denied ( that)
everybody spoke too
much ( implica a otra/s
persona/s)
Explain ( that):
He explained ( that) the
sun goes round the
earth
Insist ( that) :
He insisted that he
should go there (
insistir en que alguien
haga algo)
Invite Sb to do Sth:
He invited her to go to
his home
He offered her to bring
her a milk
Point out ( that):
He pointed out ( that)
she should eat less
Refuse to do Sth:
He refused to play the
GERUNDIO (ING)
Deny + -ing
He denied doing the
homeworks ( se niega a
hacer algo)
piano
Suggest ( sugerir)
Recommend (
recomendar )
Suggest (that)
Recommend ( that)
He suggested that she
should eat less (
cuando se sugiere o se
recomienda a alguien
que haga algo)
Suggest+ -ing:
He suggested doing a
barbecue ( cuando
simplemente se sugiere
o se recomienda , sin
implicar a nadie)
Thank ( agradecer)
Apologise ( pedir
disculpas)
Warn ( avisar)
Order ( ordenar)
Ask ( pedir)
Remind ( recordar)
Thank Sb for doing sth
Apologise for doing
sth:
He thanked her for
inviting her
I apologised for
forgetting
Warn (not) to do:
He warned her not to
shout so much
Order (sb) to do sth
Ask ( sb) to do sth
Remind (sb) to do sth
( ordenar/pedir/
recordar a alguien que
haga algo):
I ordered her to stay
here