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CURRICULUM VITAE
William Lewis Merrill
Department of Anthropology
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
P.O. Box 37012, MRC 112
Washington, DC 20013-7012
202-633-1920
[email protected]
Birthdate: March 21, 1950. Birthplace: Hendersonville, North Carolina
Education
1981
1975
1972
Ph.D.
M.A.
A.B.
University of Michigan (Anthropology)
University of Michigan (Anthropology)
University of North Carolina (Anthropology)
Principal Research Interests: Native North America, especially Uto-Aztecan societies in the Western
Hemisphere; cultural history, historical linguistics, ethnobiology, religion, ideology, social organization,
and material culture.
Languages: English; Spanish (advanced competency); Rarámuri (basic competency).
Employment
2010–Present
Research Curator, Latin American Ethnology, Department of Anthropology, National
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
1980– 2010
Research Curator, North American Ethnology, Department of Anthropology, National
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
2003–2008
Head, Division of Ethnology, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of
Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
1984–2000
Co-editor, Smithsonian Series in Ethnographic Inquiry, Smithsonian Institution Press
1990–1991
Acting Director, National Anthropological Archives, Department of Anthropology,
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
Other Professional Appointments
1996–Present
Member, Editorial Board, Colegio de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
1998–Present
Member, Board of Directors, Mexico-North Research Network. Chair, 1998–2012
2001–Present
Fellow, Institute for Ethnographic Research, George Washington University
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2003–Present
Member, Editorial Board, Voices of Mexico, Centro de Investigaciones Sobre América
del Norte, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
2003–Present
Member, Board of Directors, Council of American Overseas Research Centers.
Smithsonian ex officio member, Executive Committee, 2004–2010.
2012–Present
Director, Program on Indigenous Languages and Natural History, Mexico-North
Research Network
2008 –2009
Subsecretario, Comité Consultivo para la Atención a las Lenguas Indígenas en Riesgo
de Desaparición, Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas, Mexico
2002–2005
Chief Consultant, Rarámuri Education Initiative, Ford Foundation
1999–2005
Director, Project on Biological, Cultural, and Linguistic Diversity in the Sierra
Tarahumara
1990–1998
Adjunct Professor, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Unidad Chihuahua
1993–1995
Consultant, Rarámuri Bilingual Education Program, Coordinación Estatal de la
Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico
1991–1992
Research Fellow, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México
Honors and Awards
2009
Science Achievement Award, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Institution
1993
Jury member, Premio Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Instituto Nacional de Antropología
e Historia, Mexico
1991
Outstanding Service Award, Smithsonian Institution
1987
Outstanding Service Award, Smithsonian Institution
1983
Outstanding Service Award, Smithsonian Institution
1980–1981
Pre-Doctoral Fellow, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of
Michigan
1977–1979
Pre-Doctoral Fellow, National Institute of Mental Health
1973–1976
Graduate Fellow, National Science Foundation
1972
Highest Honors in Anthropology, University of North Carolina
1972
Phi Beta Kappa, University of North Carolina
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Research Activities
2009–Present
Uto-Aztecan historical linguistics and cultural history
1977–2008
Field and archival research on the cultures and histories of Indigenous societies of
northern Mexico, especially the Rarámuri of Chihuahua
1981–Present
Museum research on ethnographic and archaeological specimens from northern Mexico
in museums in the United States, Mexico, and Europe
1975–1976
Museum and archival research on the use of mescalbeans (Sophora secundiflora) by
Native North Americans
1974
Ethnobotanical field research in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico
Grants
During my professional career, I have received grants totaling over $1 million to support activities in five
areas: 1) field, museum, and archival research, 2) museum collections improvement, 3) public
programming (conferences, symposia, public lectures, exhibits) 4) Indigenous education in northern
Mexico, and 5) U.S.-Mexican collaboration.
These grants have been awarded by the following foundations and agencies in the United States and
Mexico (presented here in alphabetical order): City of San Antonio, Texas; Comisión Nacional para el
Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad; Coordinación Estatal de la Sierra Tarahumara; Fideicomiso
para la Cultura México-Estados Unidos; Ford Foundation; Getty Grant Program; J.M. Kaplan Fund;
National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation; Rockefeller Foundation; Secretaría de
Relaciones Exteriores (Mexico); Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of State; and the Wenner-Gren
Foundation for Anthropological Research
Publications (all categories, in reverse chronological order)
Under Review
Merrill, William L. The Genetic Unity of Southern Uto-Aztecan. Language Dynamics and Change.
Hard, Robert J., William L. Merrill, A.C. MacWilliams, John R. Roney, Jacob C. Freeman, and Karen
R. Adams. Rainfed Farming and Settlement Aggregation: Reflections from Chihuahua, Mexico. In
Scott E. Ingram and Robert C. Hunt (eds.), Drylands Agriculture: What We Need to Know.
Accepted for Publication
Merrill, William L. The Historical Linguistics of Uto-Aztecan Agriculture. Anthropological Linguistics.
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Published
Merrill, William L. 2011. [Review of ] The Power of Song: Music and Dance in the Mission Communities
of Northern New Spain, 1590-1810, by Kristen Dutcher Mann. The Catholic Historical Review 97(2):
400–401.
Merrill, William L., Robert J. Hard, Jonathan B. Mabry, Gayle J. Fritz, Karen R. Adams, John R. Roney,
and A.C. MacWilliams. 2010. Reply to Hill and Brown: Maize and Uto-Aztecan Cultural History.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 107: E35–E36.
Merrill, William L., Robert J. Hard, Jonathan B. Mabry, Gayle J. Fritz, Karen R. Adams, John R. Roney,
and A.C. MacWilliams. 2009. The Diffusion of Maize to the Southwestern United States and Its
Impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106: 21019–21026.
Merrill, William L. 2009. Sociedades indígenas, misiones y el sistema colonial en el norte de la Nueva
España / Indigenous Societies, Missions, and the Colonial System in Northern New Spain. In Clara
Bargellini and Michael K. Komanecky (eds.), El arte de las misiones del norte de la Nueva España,
1600–1821 / The Art of the Missions of Northern New Spain, 1600–1821, pp. 122–153. Mexico City:
Mandato Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso.
MacWilliams, A.C., John R. Roney, Robert J. Hard, Karen R. Adams, Natalia Martínez Tagüeña, and
William L. Merrill. 2009. Investigaciones de los sitios tempranos de cultivo de maíz en Chihuahua,
México, 2006. Informe al Consejo de Arqueología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia,
México. Washington: Mexico-North Research Network.
MacWilliams, A.C., Robert J. Hard, John R. Roney, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2008. The
Setting of Early Agriculture in Southern Chihuahua. In Laurie D. Webster and Maxine E. McBrinn
(eds.), Archaeology Without Borders: Contact, Commerce, and Change in the U.S. Southwest and
Northwestern Mexico, pp. 35–54. Boulder: University Press of Colorado and Chihuahua:
CONACULTA-INAH.
Merrill, William L., and Celia López González. 2007. Humans and Other Mammals in Prehispanic
Chihuahua. In Eduardo Corona Martínez and Joaquín Arroyo-Cabrales (eds.), Human and Faunal
Relationships Reviewed: An Archaeozoological Approach, pp. 43–62. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Merrill, William L. 2007. La obra lingüística del padre Matthäus Steffel, S.J. In Karl Kohut and María
Cristina Torales Pacheco (eds.), Desde los confines de los imperios ibéricos: Los jesuitas de habla
alemana en las misiones americanas, pp. 409–439: Frankfurt and Madrid: Vervuert–Iberoamericana.
Goddard, Ives, and William L. Merrill. 2007. William Curtis Sturtevant (death notice). Anthropology
News 48(5): 43.
MacWilliams, A.C., John R. Roney, Robert J. Hard, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2006.
Investigaciones de los sitios de cultivo de maíz temprano en Chihuahua: Informe de la temporada de
2003. Informe técnico al Consejo de Arqueología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia,
México. Washington: Mexico-North Research Network.
MacWilliams, A.C., Robert J. Hard, John R. Roney, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2006.
Recent Reconnaissance in Southwest Chihuahua. In Marc Thompson, Jason Jurgena, and Lora
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Jackson (eds.), Mostly Mimbres: A Collection of Papers from the 12th Biennial Mogollon
Conference, pp. 83–91. El Paso: El Paso Museum of Archaeology.
Hard, Robert J., A.C. MacWilliams, John R. Roney, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2006.
Early Agriculture in Chihuahua, Mexico. In John E. Staller, Robert H. Tykot, and Bruce F. Benz
(eds.), Histories of Maize: Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Prehistory, Linguistics,
Biogeography, Domestication, and Evolution of Maize, pp. 471–485. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Reprinted
in Histories of Maize in Mesoamerica: Multidisciplinary Approaches. Edited by John E. Staller,
Robert Tykot, and Bruce Benz, pp. 70–85. Left Coast Press, California, 2009. .
Merrill, William L., and Lars Krutak. 2005. Rarámuri. In William M. Clements (ed.), North and South
America, pp. 296–308, vol. 4 of The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife.
Westport: Greenwood.
Merrill, William L. 2003. The Mexico-North Research Network: Origins of a Binational Consortium.
Journal of Big Bend Studies 15: 213–237.
Merrill, William L., and Ives Goddard (eds). 2002. Anthropology, History, and American Indians: Essays
in Honor of William Curtis Sturtevant. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 44. Washington:
Smithsonian Institution Press.
Merrill, William L. 2002. The Writings of William C. Sturtevant. In William L. Merrill and Ives Goddard
(eds.), Anthropology, History, and American Indians: Essays in Honor of William Curtis Sturtevant,
pp. 37–44. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 44. Washington: Smithsonian Institution
Press.
Merrill, William L. 2002. William Curtis Sturtevant, Anthropologist. In William L. Merrill and Ives
Goddard (eds.), Anthropology, History, and American Indians: Essays in Honor of William Curtis
Sturtevant, pp. 11–36. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 44. Washington: Smithsonian
Institution Press.
Merrill, William L. 2002. Species Transformations in Northern Mexico: Explorations in Rarámuri
Zoology. In William L. Merrill and Ives Goddard (eds.), Anthropology, History, and American
Indians: Essays in Honor of William Curtis Sturtevant, pp. 333–347. Smithsonian Contributions to
Anthropology 44. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Merrill, William L. 2001. La identidad ralámuli: una perspectiva histórica. In Claudia Molinari and
Eugeni Porras (eds.), La identidad y los pueblos étnicos en la Sierra Tarahumara, pp. 71–103.
Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia and Congreso del Gobierno del Estado de
Chihuahua.
Merrill, William L. 2000. Luis González Rodríguez, dos proyectos inconclusos. In Dizán Vázquez [Loya]
(ed.), Luis González Rodríguez, 1924-1998. Homenaje por su obra en Chihuahua, pp. 35–38. Ciudad
Juárez: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez.
Merrill, William L. 2000. La economía política de las correrías: Nueva Vizcaya al final de la época
colonial. In Marie-Areti Hers, José Luis Mirafuentes, María de los Dolores Soto, and Miguel
Vallebueno (eds.), Nómadas y sedentarios en el norte de México: Homenaje a Beatriz Braniff, pp.
623–668. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. [Reprinted in Jesús Vargas V. (ed.),
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Textos de la Nueva Vizcaya, no. 6, 45 pages. Chihuahua: Centro de Estudios Regionales, Unidad
Chihuahua, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, and Dirección de Publicaciones y Proyectos
Especiales, Secretaría de Educación y Cultura, Gobierno del Estado de Chihuahua, 2000].
Merrill, William L. 1998. Rarámuri Easter. In Rosamond B. Spicer and N. Ross Crumrine (eds.),
Performing the Renewal of Community: Indigenous Easter Rituals in North Mexico and Southwest
United States, pp. 365–421. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Ramos Chaparro, Aureliano, Ismael Castillo Aguirre, Cesáreo Prieto Vega, Ventura Orozco Castro,
Miguel Carillo Frías, María Soledad Bustillos Peña, Albino Mares Trías, Don Burgess McGuire, and
William L. Merrill. 1997. Compendio básico de la gramática ralámuli. Chihuahua: Coordinación
Estatal de la Tarahumara.
Merrill, William L., and Margot Heras Quezada. 1997. Rarámuri Personhood and Ethnicity: Another
Perspective. American Ethnologist 24(2): 302–306.
Merrill, William L., Marian K. Hansson, Candace S. Greene, and Frederick J. Reuss. 1997. A Guide to the
Kiowa Collections at the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution Contributions to
Anthropology 40. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Merrill, William L., and Richard E. Ahlborn. 1997. Zuni Archangels and Ahayu:da: A Sculpted Chronicle
of Power and Identity. In Amy Henderson and Adrienne L. Kaeppler (eds.), Exhibiting Dilemmas:
Issues of Representation at the Smithsonian, pp. 176–205. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Merrill, William L. 1997. Identity Transformation in Colonial Northern Mexico. AnthroNotes 19(2): 1–8.
[Reprinted in Ruth O. Selig and Marilyn R. London (eds.), Anthropology Explored: The Best of
Smithsonian AnthroNotes, pp. 219–230. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1998].
Merrill, William L. 1997. Ralamuli Alawala. Chihuahua: Coordinación Estatal de la Tarahumara.
Merrill, William L. 1997. [Review of] The New Latin American Mission History, edited by Erick Langer
and Robert H. Jackson. Ethnohistory 44(3): 568–569.
Merrill, William L. 1996. Uto-Aztecan Religions and Cosmology: Reflections on a Research Project in
Response to Armin W. Geertz. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 8(1): 65–73.
Molinari, Claudia, and William L. Merrill. 1995. Chiapas y Chihuahua: Cuatro siglos de resistencia
india. Ojarasca 44(mayo-julio): 14–19.
Merrill, William L. 1995. Tarahumara. In James W. Dow (ed.), Middle America and the Caribbean, pp.
240–243, vol. 8, Encyclopedia of World Cultures, David Levison (ed.-in-chief). Boston: G.K. Hall
and Company.
Merrill, William L. 1995. La época franciscana en la tarahumara. In Jorge Chávez Chávez (ed.), Actas del
Cuarto Congreso Internacional de Historia Regional Comparada, 1993, vol. 1, pp. 157–175. Ciudad
Juárez: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez.
Merrill, William L. 1994. Cultural Creativity and Raiding Bands in Eighteenth-Century Northern New
Spain. In William B. Taylor and Franklin Pease G.Y. (eds.), Violence, Resistance, and Survival in the
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Americas: Native Americans and the Legacy of Conquest, pp. 124–152. Washington: Smithsonian
Institution Press.
Merrill, William L., Edmund J. Ladd, and T. J. Ferguson. 1993. The Return of the Ahayu:da: Lessons for
Repatriation from Zuni Pueblo and the Smithsonian Institution. Current Anthropology 34(5):
523–555, 562–567. [pp. 556-562: Comments by Elizabeth Cruwys, Alan S. Downer, Christian F.
Feest, Charlotte J. Frisbie, Joyce Herold, Schuyler Jones, Robert Layton, and Larry J. Zimmerman].
Merrill, William L. 1993. [Review of] The Mixe of Oaxaca: Religion, Ritual, and Healing, by Frank J.
Lipp. Journal of Ritual Studies 7: 129–131.
Merrill, William L. 1993. [Review of] La Mitad del Mundo: Cuerpo y Cosmos en los Rituales Otomíes,
by Jacques Galinier. American Anthropologist 95(1): 224.
Merrill, William L. 1993. Conversion and Colonialism in Northern Mexico: The Tarahumara Response to
the Jesuit Mission Program, 1601-1767. In Robert W. Hefner (ed.), Conversion to Christianity:
Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on a Great Transformation, pp. 129–163. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Hard, Robert J., and William L. Merrill. 1993. Mobility, Land Fragmentation, and Economic
Rationality. American Anthropologist 95(4): 1005–1006.
Merrill, William L. 1992. Almas rarámuris. Mexico City: Consejo Nacional Para la Cultura y las Artes y
Instituto Nacional Indigenista.
Merrill, William L. 1992. El catolicismo y la creación de la religión moderna de los rarámuris. In Ysla
Campbell (ed.), El contacto entre los españoles y los indígenas del norte de la Nueva España, vol. 4,
pp. 133–170. Ciudad Juárez: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez.
Hard, Robert J., and William L. Merrill. 1992. Mobile Agriculturalists and the Emergence of Sedentism:
Perspectives from Northern Mexico. American Anthropologist 94(3): 601–620.
Merrill, William L. 1991. La indoctrinación religiosa en la Tarahumara colonial: Los informes de los
visitadores Lizasoain y Aguirre al final de la época jesuita. In Ricardo García León (ed.), Actas del
Segundo Congreso Internacional de Historia Regional Comparada, 1990, pp. 283–302. Ciudad
Juárez: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez.
Merrill, William L. 1989. [Review of] Crónicas de la Sierra Tarahumara, by Luis González Rodríguez.
Ethnohistory 36(4): 416–418. [Spanish translation published in Boletín del Archivo General de la
Nación, México, cuarto serie, no. 1, pp. 106–110, 1994].
Merrill, William L. 1989. [Review of] Where the Dove Calls: The Political Ecology of a Peasant
Corporate Community in Northwestern Mexico, by Thomas E. Sheridan. The Western Historical
Quarterly 20(4): 482–483.
Merrill, William L. 1988. [Review of] People of the Desert and Sea: Ethnobotany of the Seri Indians, by
Richard S. Felger and Mary Beck Moser. American Ethnologist 15(2): 404–405.
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Merrill, William L. 1988. Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico.
Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Merrill, William L. 1987. The Rarámuri Stereotype of Dreams. In Barbara Tedlock (ed.), Dreaming:
Anthropological and Psychological Perspectives, pp. 194–219. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Merrill, William L. 1983. Tarahumara Social Organization, Political Organization, and Religion. In
Alfonso Ortiz (ed.), Southwest, pp. 290–305, vol. 10 of the Handbook of North American Indians,
William C. Sturtevant (gen. ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
Merrill, William L. 1983. God’s Saviours in the Sierra Madre. Natural History 92(3): 58–67. [Reprinted
in James P. Spradley and David W. McCurdy (eds.), Conformity and Conflict: Readings in Cultural
Anthropology, Fifth edition, Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1984, pp. 317–327.
Excerpts published in France in GEO, May 1983, pp. 132–144].
Merrill, William L. 1982. [Review of] The Yaquis: A Cultural History, by Edward H. Spicer.
Ethnohistory 29(1): 70–71.
Merrill, William L. 1979. The Beloved Tree: Ilex vomitoria Among the Indians of the Southeast and
Adjacent Regions. In Charles M. Hudson (ed.), Black Drink: A Native American Tea, pp. 40–82.
Athens: University of Georgia Press.
Merrill, William L. 1978. Thinking and Drinking: A Rarámuri Interpretation. In Richard I. Ford, Michael
F. Brown, Mary Hodge, and William L. Merrill (eds.), The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany, pp.
101–117.
Merrill, William L. 1977. An Investigation of Ethnographic and Archaeological Specimens of
Mescalbeans (Sophora secundiflora) in American Museums. University of Michigan, Museum of
Anthropology, Technical Report Number 6.
Merrill, William L., and Christian F. Feest. 1975. An Exchange of Botanical Information in the Early
Contact Situation: Wisakon of the Southeastern Algonquians. Economic Botany 29(2): 171–184.
Exhibitions and Webpages
Merrill, William L., and Greta de León. 2007. Mexican Cycles: Festival Images by George O. Jackson de
Llano. Venues: 2007–2008, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, DC; 2010, Museo Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City; 2010, Museo
Memoria y Tolerancia, Mexico City; 2012, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City; 2012,
Instituto Nacional del Derecho del Autor, Mexico City.
[http://www.mnh.si.edu/exhibits/cycles/index.htm].
Merrill, William L., Michelle Smith, and María Sprehn Malagón. 2001. Textiles of the North American
Southwest. Washington: Smithsonian Center for Education and Museum Studies, National Museum
of Natural History, and the Mexico-North Research Network.
[http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/textiles/english/gallery/index.htm].
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Merrill, William L., Michelle Smith, Greta de León, María Sprehn Malagón, and Lisa Stewart. 2001.
Textiles del Suroeste norteamericano. Washington: Smithsonian Center for Education and Museum
Studies, National Museum of Natural History, and the Mexico-North Research Network.
[http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/textiles/espanol/gallery/index.htm].
Professional Events Organized
Merrill, William L. 2001. The Project on Diversity in the Sierra Tarahumara Diversity: Fourth Planning
Meeting. Sponsored by the Mexico-North Research Network, Norogachi, Chihuahua, Mexico,
October 9–11.
Merrill, William L. 2001. The Project on Diversity in the Sierra Tarahumara: Third Planning Meeting.
Sponsored by the Mexico-North Research Network, Norogachi, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Merrill, William L. 2001. Music and Dance in the Missions. Symposium co-sponsored by Our Lady of
the Lake University of San Antonio and the Mexico-North Research Network, San Antonio, TX,
October 27.
Merrill, William L. 2000. The Sierra Tarahumara Diversity Project: Second Planning Meeting. Sponsored
by the Mexico-North Research Network, Norogachi, Chihuahua, Mexico, August 25–27.
Merrill, William L. 2000. The Sierra Tarahumara Diversity Project: First Planning Meeting. Sponsored by
the Mexico-North Research Network, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico, June 15–18.
Gutiérrez Meneses, Arturo, and William L. Merrill. 1999. Comparative Uto-Aztecan Research.
Symposium held at theEscuela Nacional de la Danza, Mexico City, June 14–16.
Keyes, Grace, and William L. Merrill. 1997. Transformations on the Mission Frontier: Texas and
Northern Mexico. Symposium co-sponsored by Our Lady of the Lake University and the Smithsonian
Institution. Hosted by Our Lady of the Lake University of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, November
6–9.
Bonfiglioli, Carlo, and William L. Merrill. 1996. Simbolismo y procesos rituales en el noroeste de
México: Nuevas contribuciones. XXIV Mesa Redonda de la Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología,
Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
Merrill, William L., and Anthony Shelton. 1990. Workshop on Uto-Aztecan Religion and Cosmology.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Merrill, William L. 1988. Experiencing Colonialism: Politics, Ritual, and Consciousness in the New
World. Symposium organized and chaired, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Merrill, William L. 1988. Harmony and Dissonance in the Encounter: The Indigenous Viewpoint. Session
chaired in the symposium Explorations, Encounters and Identities: Musical Repercussions of 1492,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Merrill, William L. 1983. Ideology, Interaction, and the Self. Session organized and chaired, Annual
Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Chicago, IL.
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Merrill, William L. 1982. Cultural Values of Self and Society. Session chaired and introduced, Annual
Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Washington, DC.
Presentations at Professional Conferences
Freeman, Jacob C., William L. Merrill, and Robert J. Hard. 2012. An Optimal Model of Labor
Allocation to Foraging and Farming: Understanding Northern Uto-Aztecan Subsistence Strategies.
Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Memphis.
Hard, Robert J., William L. Merrill, John R. Roney, and A.C. MacWilliams. 2010. Uto-Aztecan
Foragers and Farmers in the Cultural History of the Desert West. Annual Meeting of the Society for
American Archaeology, St. Louis.
Merrill, William L. 2005. La obra lingüística del padre Matthäus Steffel, S.J. Simposium on Diversidad
en la unidad: Los jesuitas de habla alemana en Iberoamérica, siglos XVI-XVIII, Universidad
Iberoamericana and other institutions, Mexico City, September 13.
Merrill, William L. 2005. Material Culture and the Mission Experience. Seminar on The Art and
Architecture of the Missions of Northern New Spain, School of American Research, Santa Fe, NM,
June 29.
Hard, Robert J., A.C. MacWilliams, John R. Roney, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2005.
Long-term Ranchería Resilience in Southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico: Seeking Explanations for
Persistent Dispersed Communities. Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Salt
Lake City, April 2.
Roney, John R., Karen R. Adams, Robert J. Hard, A.C. MacWilliams, and William L. Merrill. 2004.
Early Agriculture in Chihuahua. Southwest Symposium, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Roney, John R., Karen R. Adams, Robert J. Hard, A.C. MacWilliams, and William L. Merrill. 2004.
Early Agriculture in Chihuahua. Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology,
Montreal, April 1.
Merrill, William L. 2004. Preparing Museums and Curators for the Future. Annual Meeting of the
Association of African American Museums, Raleigh, NC, August 19.
MacWilliams, A.C., John R. Roney, Robert J. Hard, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2004.
Observations on the Ceramic Period of Southern Chihuahua. Annual Meeting of the Society for
American Archaeology, Montreal.
Adams, Karen R., and William L. Merrill. 2004. Effects of Colonialism on Rarámuri Agriculture and
Subsistence: Searching for Archaeological Analogs for Early Maize Farming Strategies. Gran Quivira
Conference, Las Cruces, NM, October 9.
Raymond, Gerry R., John R. Roney, A.C. MacWilliams, Robert J. Hard, Karen R. Adams, and William
L. Merrill. 2003. Looking for Early Maize Between the Southwest and Mesoamerica: A Field Report
From Southwest Chihuahua, Mexico. Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology,
Milwaukee.
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Hard, Robert J., John R. Roney, Karen R. Adams, A.C. MacWilliams, and William L. Merrill. 2003.
Recent Research to Locate Early Agricultural Remains in Southern Chihuahua. Pecos Conference,
Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico,.
Merrill, William L., and María Sprehn Malagón. 2002. El alcohol y los yuto-nahuas. Las Vías de
Noroeste: Primer Coloquio, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Mexico City, February 25.
Merrill, William L., and María Sprehn Malagón. 2002. Feasting and Alcohol in the North American
Southwest. Southwest Symposium, Tucson, AZ, January 12.
Merrill, William L. 2002. The Mexico-North Research Network: Promoting Cross-Border Scholarly
Cooperation. 9th Annual Center for Big Bend Studies Conference, Sul Ross State University, Alpine,
TX, November 16.
MacWilliams, A.C., John R. Roney, Robert J. Hard, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2002.
Recent Reconnaissance in Southwest Chihuahua. Mogollon Conference, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Merrill, William L. 2001. The Spanish Colonial Mission System in Northern Mexico and the
Southwestern United States. Symposium: The Colonial Missions of Northern New Spain,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Antonio, TX, February 21.
Merrill, William L., and Catherine S. Fowler. 1999. Uto-Aztecan Color-Directional Symbolism: Steps
Toward a Comparative Cosmology. Symposium on Comparative Uto-Aztecan Research, Escuela
Nacional de la Danza, Mexico City, June 14.
Merrill, William L. 1996. Bakánawi: Un rito ralámuli desconocido. XXIV Mesa Redonda de la Sociedad
Mexicana de Antropología, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
Merrill, William L. 1996. National Politics and Smithsonian Anthropology: The Tragedy of James
Mooney. The 150th Year of Smithsonian Anthropology, Annual Meeting of the American
Anthropological Association, San Francisco.
Merrill, William L., and Catherine S. Fowler. 1994. Uto-Aztecan Color-Directional Symbolism: Steps
Toward a Comparative Cosmology. International Congress of Americanists, Stockholm and Uppsala,
Sweden.
Merrill, William L. 1994. Ralámuli: An Emerging Colonial Identity. IX Conference of Mexican and
North American Historians, Mexico City.
Merrill, William L. 1993. La época franciscana en la Tarahumara. IV Congreso Internacional de Historia
Regional Comparada, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Merrill, William L., and Martha Graham. 1990. Tarahumara Residential Moves: Mobility Strategies
among Subsistence Agriculturalists. Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Las
Vegas, NV.
Merrill, William L. 1990. La doctrinación religiosa en la tarahumara colonial: Los informes de los
visitadores Lizassoain y Aguirre al final de la época jesuita. II Congreso de Historia Regional
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Comparada, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Merrill, William L. 1989. The Encounter Writ Small: Cultural Creativity and Raiding Bands in
Eighteenth-Century Northern New Spain. Symposium on Violence and Resistance in the Americas,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Hard, Robert J., and William L. Merrill. 1989. Mobility and Sedentism among the Tarahumara. Annual
Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Atlanta, GA.
Merrill, William L. 1988. Religion, Resistance, and Cultural Transformation: The Jesuit Mission Program
in Nueva Vizcaya. Symposium on Experiencing Colonialism: Politics, Ritual, and Consciousness in
the New World, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
Merrill, William L. 1988. The Rarámuri Appropriation of Christianity. Conference on Conversion to
World Religions: Ethnographic and Historical Interpretations, Boston University, Boston, MA.
Merrill, William L. 1983. Rarámuri Pragmatics and the Self. Annual Meeting of the American
Anthropological Association, Chicago, IL.
Merrill, William L. 1982. The Rarámuri Stereotype of Dreams. Advanced Seminar on Dreams in CrossCultural Perspective, School of American Research, Santa Fe, NM.
Bye, Robert A., Jr., and William L. Merrill. 1981. Medicinal Plants of the Sierra Madre: A Comparative
Study of Tarahumara and Mexican Market Plants. Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological
Association, Los Angeles, CA.
Merrill, William L. 1973. A Narcotic Complex in North America? . Annual Meeting of the Northeastern
Anthropological Association, Burlington, VT.
Hudson, Charles M., Harold Cable, and William L. Merrill. 1971. The Black Drink of the Southeastern
Indians. Annual Meeting of the American Society for Ethnohistory, Athens, GA.
Invited Lectures
Merrill, William L. 2008. La diversidad lingüística y biológica. Roundtable: Las lenguas indígenas
americanas en riesgo de desaparición, Museo Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City,
September 18.
Merrill, William L. 2006. Welcome. Primer Encuentro Binacional sobre Lenguas Indígenas, co-sponsored
by the Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas and the Mexico-North Research Network, Mexico
City, September 19.
Merrill, William L. 2005. Connecting Cultures in Change: A Binational Perspective. San Diego
Community College District, San Diego, CA, November 14.
Merrill, William L. 2005. The Interpretation and Representation of Latino Cultures at the National
Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institute for the Interpretation and Representation of Latino
Cultures, Washington, DC, June 23.
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Merrill, William L. 2004. Spirituality and Ritual Among the Tarahumara of Northern Mexico. The Center
for Spirituality and the Arts, San Antonio, TX, June 15.
Merrill, William L. 2003. Rarámuri Easter: Indigenous Appropriation of a Catholic Ritual in Northern
Mexico. Institute of Ethnology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, December 17.
Merrill, William L. 2003. Maíz, alcohol y los yuto-nahuas: Antropología e historia en México
prehispánico. Centro de Estudios Ibero-Americanos, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,
December 16.
Merrill, William L. 2003. The U.S.-Mexican Border: Looking Back. Roundtable: México-Estados
Unidos, fronteras que se desvanecen: Un enfoque antropológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
México, San Antonio, TX, September 19.
Merrill, William L. 2003. México-Norte, Red de Investigación y Educación, A.C. IV Reunión Nacional
de La Red Mexicana de Instituciones de Formación de Antropólogos Escuela Nacional de
Antropología e Historia, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico, April 4.
Merrill, William L. 2002. Presentation of and commentaries on Ralámuli Ra’ichábo! (Hablemos el
tarahumar! Método audiovisual para el aprendizaje del idioma tarahumar, by Enrique Servín.
Instituto de México, San Antonio, TX, October 25.
Merrill, William L. 2001. La importancia de una perspectiva histórica para la etnografía del noroeste de
México. Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
Mexico City, May 28.
Merrill, William L. 2001. La económia política de las correrías. Centro de Estudios Regionales, Unidad
Chihuahua, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, and Instituto Nacional de Antropología e
Historia, Centro Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico, May 2.
Merrill, William L. 2000. Studying Biocultural Diversity in the New Millennium. Department of
Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, November 16.
Merrill, William L. 2000. The Mexico-North Research Network. Centro Alameda, San Antonio, TX,
November 13.
Merrill, William L. 2000. Comments on Nómadas y sedentarios en el norte de México: Homenaje a
Beatriz Braniff Casa de las Humanidades, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City,
September 19.
Merrill, William L. 1999. U.S. Latinos and the Mexico-North Research Network. Symposium cosponsored by the Smithsonian Center for Latino Research and the University of Texas, El Paso, El
Paso, TX, January 29–30.
Merrill, William L. 1999. Easter in the Sierra Tarahumara. Mexican Cultural Institute, Washington, DC,
May 18.
Merrill, William L. 1999. La etnohistoria en el norte de México. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e
Historia, Mexico City, March 11.
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Merrill, William L. 1998. The Politics of Culture and the Culture of Politics: Cross-Border Connections
in the New Millennium. Encounter ’98: A Binational U.S.–Mexico Relations Forum, University of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX.
Merrill, William L. 1998. Ralámuli Philosophy and the Challenges of the New Millennium. Hampshire
College, Amherst, MA.
Merrill, William L. 1998. Las misiones de la tarahumara: El periodo franciscano. Centro de Estudios
Históricos, El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora, Michoacán, Mexico.
Merrill, William L. 1998. Las misiones franciscanas en la Sierra Tarahumara. Escuela Nacional de
Antropología e Historia, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Merrill, William L. 1998. México-Norte/Red de Investigación y Educación. Seminario Interno, Instituto
Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Centro Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Merrill, William L. 1997. Organización social y procesos históricos en el mundo rarámuri. Escuela
Nacional de Antropología e Historia Chihuahua, Mexico
Merrill, William L. 1997. La dinámica de la identidad rarámuri. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e
Historia Chihuahua, Mexico
Merrill, William L. 1997. Gray Robes, Black Robes: Did It Make A Difference? Symposium on
Transformations on the Mission Frontier: Texas and Northern Mexico, Our Lady of the Lake
University of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX.
Merrill, William L. 1996. ¿Por qué atacaron tanto los apaches? Violencia interétnica en la Nueva Vizcaya
al final de la colonia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Merrill, William L. 1995. Discussant, Session on: Political Practice, Discourse and Knowledge in the
Sierra Madre Occidental, organized by Philip E. Coyle and Paul Liffman. Annual Meeting of the
American Anthropological Association, Washington, D.C.
Merrill, William L. 1994. The Localization of Christianity. Department of Anthropology, Williams
College, Williamstown, MA.
Merrill, William L. 1993. ¿Qué sueñan los indios? Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia,
Chihuahua, Mexico.
Merrill, William L. 1993. Símbolos religiosos y prácticas mortuorias de los rarámuris. Departamento de
Antropología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, D.F., Mexico.
Merrill, William L. 1992. Simbolismo rarámuri. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Chihuahua,
Chihuahua, Mexico.
Merrill, William L. 1990. Los rarámuri y el desarrollo. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia,
Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Merrill, William L. 1988. Liderazgo y ataques relámpago: La resistencia violenta y la formación política
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en el norte de Nueva España durante el siglo XVIII. Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.
Merrill, William L. 1988. American Indian Religion and the European Conquest: A Case from Northern
Mexico. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA.
Merrill, William L. 1986. Los tarahumaras después de las rebeliones: Formas de violencia en los siglos
XVII y XVIII. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Mexico City.
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