Download Measurement of Off-Road Vehicle Emissions in Mexico using three

Measurement of Off-Road Vehicle Emissions
in Mexico using three PEMS platforms
Miguel Zavala, Rodrigo Gonzalez, Marco Balam, Luisa T. Molina
Molina Center for Energy and the Environment
Andres Aguilar, Francisco Guardado
Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático
Daniel Prato, J. Ignacio Huertas
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Toluca
Aron Jazcilevich
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Chandan Misra
California Air Resources Board
2015 PEMS Conference & Workshop 5
March 26 & 27, 2015
UCR | CE-CERT 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA
Off-Road Vehicle Emissions in Mexico
Objectives
1. To characterize the particulate matter and gaseous emissions
of selected diesel-powered off-road mobile sources in Mexico
under real-world operating conditions using PEMS.
2. To evaluate the potential emissions reductions by the
implementation of emissions control devices.
There is a need of off-road vehicle
emissions information in Mexico and this is
the first pilot project to address this need.
Project Activities
Visits to sites and vehicles (30)
Logistics and planning
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
•
•
•
SECURITY
VEHICLE AVAILABILITY
RAIN
Inspection of vehicles
Opacity Test
Oil and fuel sample
Inspect the air intake system
Visual inspection of the engine
Install data logger
Measurement
Calibrations
Selection of vehicles
• Design of measurement protocol
• Acquisition of control devices
PEMS Installation
Installation of control devices
Calibrations
Measurement
PEMS for measurements
ECOSTAR
From ITESM
CO2  NDIR
CO
 NDIR
NOx  NDUV
O2
 E-Chem
AVL-MSS
From CARB
BC
 Photoacoustic
AXION R/S
From UNAM
CO2
CO
HC
NOx
O2
PM






NDIR
NDIR
NDIR
E-Chem
E-Chem
LLS
Sampling locations and testing procedure
Site A
Site B
Testing
area
Testing
areas
Installation
area
Logistical
work
6 months
Install
PEMS
Move to
testing area
3 - 4 hours
Installation
area
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
1 - 2 hours
Move back to
installation
area
Uninstall
PEMS
2 - 3 hours
Assess
data
Sampling set up
Dilution Air
HEPA
MSS
Exhaust
SEMTECH EFM
ECOSTAR
AXION
Safety
strips
Safety during installation and
operation was a constant challenge
All vehicles tested use ULSD
Additional
Padding
RESULTS: Sampling size
No
Type
Engine
Manufacturer/
Baseline Tests
year displacement (liters)
(minutes)
Filter Tests
(minutes)
Control
Type
1
Backhoe A
2010
Komatsu/4.5
74 + 113
178
p-DPF
2
Backhoe B
2010
Komatsu/4.5
117
53
p-DPF
3
Front loader A
2010
Komatsu/23.15
58
65
DPF
4
Front loader B
2010
Komatsu/23.15
67
53
DPF
5
Bulldozer A
2008
Komatsu/15.2
106
36
DPF
6
Bulldozer B
2008
Caterpillar/15.24
81
62
DPF
7
Crane
2009
Link-Belt/7.5
63
8
Tractor
2009
New Holland/4.5
117
73
p-DPF
9
Compressor
1999
Cummins/10
120
10 Generator
2010
Cummins/3.9
54
25
DPF
11 Excavator
2008
Volvo/12.1
82
103
DPF
1052
648
MSS + AXION
MSS + ECOSTAR
MSS + AXION + ECOSTAR
p-DPF  Partial flow Diesel Particulate Filter
Diversity of sampling modes
Moving to
testing area
Engine
startup
Lifting and
pushing tests
Big bucket
Lifting tests
Small bucket
BACKHOE A
Moving
back to
initial area
Idling
Checking
instruments and
data gathering
PEMS Comparison
BULLDOZER B
Baseline vs filtered emissions
EXCAVATOR
[g/s]
Baseline
With DPF
Pollutants relationships
GENERATOR
PM
NOx
BC
Conclusions
1. Measurements represent off-road emissions data obtained for
the first time in Mexico. Ongoing analysis of the data will
produce emissions factors by vehicle and operation mode.
2. The observed variability in emissions indicates the need for
detailed vehicle operation data (activity data) for inventories.
3. Results showed generally good comparison of CO2, CO, and NOX
between ECOSTAR and AXION, but analysis are still ongoing.
4. Substantial BC reductions were observed when using emission
control devices. Further analysis will quantify the benefits.
5. The collaboration generated from this project among key
institutions can be used to foster the research on off-road
sources in Mexico.
Collaborators
•
Molina Center for Energy and the Environment
•
Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático
•
LTM Center for Energy and the Environment
•
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
•
Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores
de Monterrey campus Toluca
•
California Air Resources Board
•
Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales
•
Gobierno del Distrito Federal
•
TETRA TECH
Sponsors
• United States Agency for
International Development
(USAID)
• Instituto Nacional de
Ecología y Cambio
Climático (INECC)
• Molina Center for Energy
and the Environment
(MCE2)
Special thanks to:
• Ing. Reyes Martínez Cordero of the Planta de Asfalto del Distrito Federal
• Ing. Jaqueline de la Cruz of Geo-Construcción
• Mr. Antonio Nava of Sistema Maíz