Download Gramática. Intermedio.

Gramática. Intermedio.
1. Introducción
A continuación se realiza una presentación de la revisión de los conocimientos al
principio de curso en el nivel intermedio de inglés en escuela de idiomas, seguido de la
presentación de una propuesta del tratamiento del presente simple / presente continuo
para este nivel actualizado y con la introducción de errores comunes del aprendiz
según los autores que en la bibliografía se detallan.
2. Revisión
La introducción de la gramática por medio de la autocorrección. Se divide la clase en
grupos de alumnos que deciden la corrección o no de una serie de oraciones, que
forman parte de sus propias composiciones.
Grupo 1:
- Engineer degree- engineering
- I have am twenty two years
- I am always smiling and likes
- I love children and working
- favourite
- Too my region is known for/ … also
- you will can know a bit about me / you will be able to know …
- my family and me went to Cádiz for to live
- I love speak /speaking
- My favorites sports are ride a bike
- appear in tv / on tv
- to get the biggest benefit from the nature
- I meet whit my friends
- when someone speak whit me or I listen a CD or a film in English I don’t understand
very well
Grupo 2:
- I love travel
- My mum love them
- it's very nice stay near the chimeney with the dogs
- I like the peace and the silence
- I think I have read the seven book of Harry Potter
- My favourite type of music are heavy metal and rock
- I am good drawing
- I don't like speak in English
- Another thing I love is the motorbikes and the cars
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- I like this city because is big
- My prefer meal is
- In second time,i studied English Filology
- I look foward to improve
- i have wrote
- Greet.
Grupo 3:
- I`m working as physiotherapist
- definitive job / fixed position
- I am the biggest for my brothers
- My best hobby is the basketball
- I like listening to the music
- I live in a flat near the center of Puerto Real, this is good because is beside of school
- hope that this text serves to know us better.
- I´m teacher
- My main interests are read
- my husband is teacher
- It´s peaceful place.
- We are a small family make up of only 4 members.
- going cinema or theatre
- what I do is dance and perform
Grupo 4:
in the theatre, and that’s are my hobbies
- I studied in Sancti Petri's high school
- study the carrier
- I like listening to music, to travel and the pets.
- , I couldn’t work as receptionist.
- And I study German for to work in the hotels of Chiclana
- In the classroom I´ve saw a lot of young people .
- I enjoy go to the shopping with my daughters.
- I want to be a English teacher
- I have a brother who is studying in the same high school than I
- have passed all the exams with good note
- I am going to study in the Cadiz’s university
- I think that the most important thing in the life is the love
- I am the oldiest of my brothers.
- on Fridays afternoon
- Really, the only things worry me are my family’s health and their happiness.
3. Propuesta de tipología de actividades de gramática:
a) Ayer fui a …?, los estudiantes preguntan ¿fuiste a…? (el pasado); b) adivina mi
trabajo, se pregunta ¿trabajas …? (presente); c) ¿quién soy?, pegamos post-its en las
espaldas de los alumnos, tienen que adivinar quiénes son con preguntas como
¿soy…?; d) encuentra las diferencias entre dibujos y preposiciones, por ejemplo;
escribe cinco frases, tres verdaderas y dos falsas sobre un dibujo; encuentra a alguien
que…; e) historias cadena con condicionales y afortunadamente/desafortunadamente;
entrevistar y contar; f) ¿qué hemos cambiado?; g) ¿qué llevo puesto?
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4. Presente simple / presente continuo
Presente simple
1. Be careful with ‘s third person singular
2. Spelling and pronunciation rules
2.1. Pronunciation rules.Regular plural:
a) /iz/ churches (to perform a religious service), wishes, judges, rouges (make one’s
up), passes, mazes (stupefy, confuse).
b) /s/ unvoiced or voiceless or /z/ voiced
2.2. Spelling rules.
a) + es
ch
watches
s
kisses
sh
wishes
z
fizzes (champagne fizzes)
x
faxes
b) – y + es (ending in consonant + y)
cry
cries
worry worries
3. Uses
a) To describe general actions that are not temporary or limited in time.
We have repeated events I get up early
* We use adverbs of frequency that are expressions of repeated time e.g. on
Tuesdays, in the summer, twice a year
Also general facts Ice melts at 0º, I live in London
b) Other uses
b.1) State verbs
-existence be, exist
-mental states believe, doubt, know, realise, recognise, suppose, think, understand,
agree, forget
-wants and likes want, like, love, hate, need, prefer
-possession belong, have, possess, own
-senses feel, smell, taste, hear
-appearance appear, look, seem
-depend, matter, mean
b.2) Running commentary
Chang serves to Sampras and runs to the net
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b.3) Past narrative
So this man walks into a bar and takes out a gun
b.4) Verbs which change things
I pronounce you man and wife, I declare the congress open
Present continuous
1. Spelling rules
a) –e + ing (vowel + consonant + e) live: living, improve: improving
b) )+ consonant + ing
b.1 one-syllable infinitives which end in a single vowel + single consonant. pat: patting,
stop: stopping
b.2) multi-syllable infinitives when:
-the final syllable is stressed and ends in a single vowel + single consonant.
begin: beginning, refer: referring
-the final syllable ends in a single vowel + l. travel: travelling
c) + k + ing (we add k to infinitives which end in ic) panic: panicking
2. Uses
a) Temporary events and actions (something temporary which has begun and has
not finished. The action or event is taking place for a limited period of time
which includes the moment of speaking. Events can be constant, but they can
also be repeated or intermittent). E.g. Sssh. He’s sleeping. I’m getting up early
this week.
b) Changing and developing states. We use it even though we don’t necessarily
think of the process as being temporary. Become, decline, decrease, develop,
expand, get, grow… Moral standards are declining.
c) Habitual action. We use it with all the time, always, constantly, continually,
forever… They’re forever asking me to visit them. It shows repetitiveness or
irritation.
d) With some state verbs to give special emphasis to the temporariness of the
state. Are you wanting another drink? (addressing a friend with an empty glass).
Sssh, I’m thinking what I want to say.
e) To refer to the future when arrangements have been made (for example, we
have made a booking, bought tickets, or someone is expecting us to do
something or be somewhere at a particular time). We use next week, at
Christmas… unless it is already clear. Nobody’s working on Monday the 5th.
3. Ejemplos
1. (you ever work)
(you go)
at the weekend? 2.
to the party next Saturday? 3.
'Where is Kate?' 'She (watch)
At work he usually (sit)
TV in the living room.' 4.
all day.
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This exercise is brought to you by www.nonstopenglish.com
Italian? 6.
5. Do you know anyone who (speak)
with paints and brushes. 7.
He usually (work)
out in the evening. 8.
I never (go)
a nice dress. 9.
I'm looking at that woman, she (wear)
. 10.
In his job he usually (stand)
to visit a doctor. 11.
Most people (not like)
My brother (not like)
animals. 12.
My dog (not eat)
vegetables. 13.
Oak trees (grow)
very slowly. 14.
Right now she (run)
She (have)
She often (talk)
The days (be)
They (go)
We (go)
down a hill. 15.
a shower at the moment. 16.
to herself. 17.
longer in summer. 18.
on holiday every winter. 19.
to the cinema this Friday. 20.
What's that noise? Somebody (practise)
the piano.
Gramatical Structure / Estructura Gramatical
(example with verb to talk)
Afirmative clause / Frase afirmativa
Sujeto + to be + verbo en gerundio –> I am talking (Estoy hablando)
Negative clause / Frase negativa
Sujeto + to be + not + verbo en gerundio –> I am not talking (No estoy hablando)
Interrogative clause/ Frase interrogativa
To be + sujeto + verbo en gerundio? –> Am I talking? (¿Estoy hablando?)
El presente continuo se utiliza para hablar sobre algo que está pasando en el
momento en el que hablamos.
I’m writing a letter.
Estoy escribiendo una carta. He is doing some homework.
Él está haciendo algunos deberes.
También lo usamos para hablar de algo que está sucediendo en la actualidad pero no
necesariamente cuando hablamos.
I’m looking for a job at the moment
En estos momentos estoy buscando trabajo.
Usamos el presente continuo para hablar de algo que está ya decidido que se hará en
el futuro.
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- I’m meeting a friend this evening. (He quedado con un amigo esta noche)
- What are you doing next weekend? (¿Qué vas a hacer este fin de semana?)
- we are watching a film at home. (Veremos una película en casa).
Excepciones:
Con los verbos de sentimiento: “Like, dislike, love, hate”, siempre le seguirá un verbo
en gerundio (-ing). Por ejemplo: Peter loves dancing (a Pedro le encanta bailar).
5. Bibliografía
Parrott, M., Grammar for English Language Teachers, CUP.
www.nonstopenglish.com
Swan, M., Practical English Usage, Oxford.
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