Download FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA REGLA

FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
El presente simple es el tiempo más simple del idioma ingles.
Se lo usa para hablar sobre hechos que constituyen hábitos o costumbres.
Se lo forma con la base del verbo infinitivo.
A continuación se detalla un cuadro de cómo usar este tiempo en oraciones
simples, preguntas y negativas con los pronombres personales.
Conjugación
Inglés
Español
Primera persona
singular
I play
Yo juego
Segunda persona
singular
Tercera personal
singular
You play
Tu juegas
He plays
She plays
It plays
You play
We play
They play
El juega
Ella juega
( para objetos)
Ustedes juegan
Nosotros jugamos
Ellos juegan
Primera persona plural
Segunda persona plural
Tercera persona plural
En ingles existe una regla solo para presente simple la misma que dice: si usa
la tercera persona singular (he, she, it) (el, ella, objetos) se debe añadir una “s”
al verbo que se conjuga.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Una oración debe tener sujeto y predicado.
Subject + verb + predicate/complement
Anita + runs + every morning
USOS DEL PRESENTE SIMPLE
1. Acciones habituales: estilos de vida, hábitos, rutina
diaria
1. Lucas gets up at 9:00 am. (Lucas se levanta a las nueve.)
1
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
2. Paul and I do a lot of things every day. (Paul y yo hacemos muchas cosas a
diario.)
2. Hechos o verdades generales
1. The sun sets in the west. (El sol se pone por el oeste.)
2. The Earth goes around the sun. (La Tierra gira alrededor del sol.)
3. Situaciones permanentes
1. The teacher lives in Quito. La profesora vive en Quito.
2. It costs a lot of money to stay at the Hilton Colon Quito. Cuesta mucho
dinero hospedarse en el Hilton Colon Quito.
EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO MÁS COMUNES EN EL
PRESENTE SIMPLE
Ingles
Español
Day
morning
Every
afternoon
night
week
month
year
Adverbs of frequency
Always
Usually
Often
Sometimes
Seldom/Rarely
Never
Día
Mañana
Tarde
Cada
Noche
Semana
Mes
Año
Adverbios de frecuencia
Siempre
Usualmente
A menudo
A veces
Rara vez
Nunca
COMO FORMAR LAS PREGUNTAS EN PRESENTE SIMPLE
Para formar preguntas en ingles usando el presente simple se necesita de
auxiliares estos son do / does
does
do
I we, you, they
He, she, it
2
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Como se puede ver en el cuadro anterior existen dos auxiliares: el auxiliar do
para los pronombres I, we, you, they y el auxiliar does para he, she, it.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Auxiliar + sujeto + verbo + complemento/predicado?
Does + Juan + book + an airplane ticket to Miami?
Subject
Complement/Predicate
¿Reserva Juan un ticket de avión para Miami?
Do + the students + develop + the online exercises at home?
Desarrollan los estudiantes los ejercicios online en casa?
RESPUESTAS CORTAS EN PRESENTE SIMPLE
Si las preguntas llevan auxiliares do o does se pueden contestar de una forma
corta.
Afirmativa: Yes, she does
Negativa: No, I don’t
Las respuestas se usan según el pronombre de la pregunta.
Pregunta
Do I need a pencil?
Do you need a book?
Does he need some money?
Does she buy candies?
Does it need color?
Do you play soccer?
Do we have English classes?
Do they go to the movies every
weekend?
Respuesta
corta
Afirmativa
Yes, I do
Yes, you do
Yes, she does
Yes, he does
Yes, it does
Yes, you do
Yes, we do
Yes, they do
Respuesta corta
negativa
No, I don’t.
No, you don’t
No, she doesn’t
No, he doesn’t
No, it doesn’t
No, you don’t
No, we don’t
No they don’t
Notar que cuando la tercera persona singular tiene auxiliar, el
verbo no debe llevar “s”
3
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
COMO HACER PREGUNTAS USANDO WH-QUESTION
WORDS
En ingles se usan los WH-questions para preguntar dónde?, cuando?, por
qué? , quién?, cómo?, cuál?, que?.
Ingles
Where
Who
When
How
What
Why
Which
Español
donde
quien
cuando
como
que
por que
cual
REGLA GRAMATICAL
WH-question + auxiliar + sujeto + verbo + complemento
When + does + English classes + start?
Why + do + study + in the morning?
COMO REALIZAR ORACIONES NEGATIVAS EN PRESENTE
SIMPLE
Para realizar oraciones negativas se debe aumentar la palabra not a los
auxiliares, véase en el cuadro siguiente
Negative Contractions
Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not
I don't like milk = I do not like milk
4
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Ingles
Conjugación
Ingles
Auxiliary sin
contracción
I do not work
Auxiliar con
contracción
I don’t work
You do not work
He does not work
She does not
work
It does not work
You don’t work
He doesn’t work
She doesn’t work
1ra. persona plural
You do not work.
You don’t work
2nda. persona plural
We do not work.
We don’t work
3ra. persona plural
They do not work
They don’t work
1era. persona singular
2nda. persona singular
3ra. personal singular
It doesn’t work
Español
Yo no trabajo
Tu no trabajas
El no trabaja
Ella no trabaja
Esto no trabaja
Ustedes no
trabajan
Nosotros no
trabajamos
Ellos(a) no
trabajan
Notar que cuando la tercera persona singular tiene auxiliar, el
verbo no debe llevar “s”
Exercise No. 1
Llenar los espacios en blanco con la forma correcta del verbo en
paréntesis y su respectivo auxiliar en el caso de preguntas y negativas.
1. What time _______he _______ work? (finish)
2. I ________ English rather well. (speak)
3. He ____________ Spanish at all. (not speak))
4. He _________ home at 6 every day. (arrive)
5. ________ he ______ we are here? (know)
6. Peter and John__________ apples. (not like)
7. School ________ at half past eight.(start)
8. I ________ to school five days a week.(go)
9. I_______ him. (love)
10. He _______ me too. (love)
11. My friend __________ skiing but she________ skating. (not enjoy; love)
5
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Exercise No. 2
Complete las siguientes oraciones usando la forma correcta del auxiliar
do, don’t, does, doesn’t.
Example: George works in a shop, but he______ work in an office.
Answer: George works in a shop, but he doesn’t work in an office.
1. My mother likes chocolate, but she ________ like biscuits.
2. What _________ the children wear at your school?
3. Lynn’s father watches badminton on TV, but he_________ watch judo.
4. Where ___________ the Adams buy their fruit?
5. _________ the cat like to sleep on the sofa?
6. Dogs love bones, but they ________ love cheese.
7. Where_________ Sam and Ben hide their CDs?
8. We eat pizza, but we _________ eat hamburgers.
9. ____________ Mrs. Miller read magazines?
10. __________ the boys play soccer outside?
Exercise No. 3
Complete el siguiente ejercicio usando adverbios de frecuencia.
1. I’m a terrible student. I’m __________ late for class. I’m
____________on time. I ___________ turn in my homework late. I
_______________ get As on tests. In fact I fail at least one class
almost every semester. I hate school.
2. I’m a good student, but I like to have fun too. I’m ____________ on
time for classes. I don’t get very many “As”, but I ____________ fail
a test. I ___________ forget to do my homework. I_________________
go out on Saturday nights, and _________________ I go out on
weeknights too, if I don’t have too much homework.
3. I love school. I’m a excellent student; in fact, I _______________ get
studying. I ____________ go out. My friends say I am too serious,
but I love to study and learn new things.
Completa el siguiente ejercicio usando adverbios de frecuencia
sobre ti. (Respuestas propias)
I’m a _____________ student. I’m ____________ late for class. I’m
___________ on time. I_____________ do my assignments. I______________
6
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
fail tests. I go out on weekends______________, and I _____________ go
out on weeknights, too. I go to the library_____________.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AS FUTURE
Los tiempos progresivos ("progressive tenses" o "continuous tenses") expresan
el "progreso" o desarrollo de una acción en un momento dado.
El tiempo presente progresivo ("present progressive") expresa una acción que
se está desarrollando en el momento presente, generalmente, una acción
temporánea que comenzó hace poco tiempo y que terminará pronto.
En inglés, al igual que en español, el tiempo presente progresivo está formado
por el verbo auxiliar "be" (ser o estar) conjugado en tiempo presente, más el
"present participle" (form + ing) del verbo principal.
NOTA: En esta ocasión lo único que vamos a hacer es usar una
expresión de tiempo en futuro para usar mencionar planes o
actividades que planeamos hacer a futuro.
+
?
SUBJECT
VERB TO
BE
I
She
Are
am
is not
you
BASE FORM
OF VERB +
ING
traveling
Coming
watching
EXPRESSION OF FUTURE
tomorrow morning.
Next week.
a movie tonight?
Examples:
My plane is arriving tonight at about 8:30 pm.
My parents are leaving town tomorrow.
Jack isn't meeting with us next weekend
7
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Notar que las expresiones de tiempo se refieren al futuro y la
oración básica esta en presente progresivo
Exercise No. 4
Responda las preguntas en presente progresivo como futuro usando
la información del diario de Jerry.
This is Jerry’s diary:
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
Meet Jasmine
watch a movie
job interview
play tennis
take a plane to Chile
1. What is Jerry doing on Wednesday?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 . What is Jerry doing on Monday?
. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3 . What is Jerry doing on Friday?
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4 . What is Jerry doing on Thursday?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5 . What is Jerry doing on Tuesday?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Exercise No. 5
Complete las oraciones con presente progresivo como futuro
usando los verbos en paréntesis
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Maria ______________ (travel) next week to Mexico.
Jose and Pedro________________ (work) together next month.
The doctors _________________( help) their patients tomorrow.
Luis _________________ (buy) a new car in December.
I ______________(make) lasagna tonight.
The children______________(play) a soccer match next week.
8
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Exercise No. 6
Complete las oraciones utilizando la forma correcta del verbo en
afirmativo, negativo o pregunta. (Recuerde presente progresivo
como futuro)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I ________________ ( not meet) some friends after work.
I ________________ (go)to the party tonight.
____he __________ (visit) his parents next weekend?
_______ she _______ (come) with us tonight?
_______ the teachers___________(send) homework tonight?
The nurses________________ (not have lunch) at the hospital.
9
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
USOS DEL FUTURO SIMPLE
Acciones que se van a desarrollar con certeza en el futuro.
I will prepare some pancakes tomorrow. Prepararé algunos panqueques mañana.
My nephew will be six in May. Mi sobrino cumplirá seis años en Mayo.
Predicción en el futuro.
It will snow tomorrow. Nevará mañana.
It will be sunny next week. Estará soleado la próxima semana.
Promesas
I will help you as soon as I arrive. Te ayudaré tan pronto como llegue.
Ofrecimientos
I will stay with you all night if you really need it.
Me quedaré contigo toda la noche si realmente lo necesitas.
Suele utilizarse el auxiliar shall (o su contracción 'll) para el
futuro de la primera persona del singular y del plural.
We shall go to the movies = We will go to the movies
We'll go to the movies. Iremos al cine.
EXPRESIONES USUALES DEL FUTURO SIMPLE
tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2015
next Monday - next week - next month - next year
REGLA GRAMATICAL
subject + will + 1
1
go
10
2
went
3
gone
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Regla gramatical para modo afirmativo, negativo e
interrogativo.
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
I will go
I won't go
Will I go ?
You will go
You won't go
Will you go ?
He will go
He won't go
Will he go ?
She will go
She won't go
Will she go ?
It will go
It won't go
Will it go ?
We will go
We won't go
Will we go ?
You will go
You won't go
Will you go ?
They will go
They won't go
Will they go ?
Affirmative
subject + will + 1
I will travel to Canada - Viajaré a Canada.
He will travel to Canadá - El viajará a Canadá.
Negative
subject + won't (will not) + 1
I won't travel to Canada - No viajaré a Canada.
He won't travel to Canadá - El no viajará a Canadá.
Interrogative
Will + subject + 1 ?
Will I travel to Canada? - ¿Viajaré a Canada?
Will he travel to Canadá? - ¿Viajará el a Canadá?
USOS DEL FUTURO BE GOING TO
11
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
El tiempo futuro con 'going to' se usa más comúnmente en el lenguaje
hablado cuando se desea hacer referencia del futuro inmediato, a algo
que está por ocurrir
It's going to rain!
¡Va a llover! (algo que está por ocurrir)
También se emplea para hablar de intenciones o planes para hacer
algo.
I am going to learn English. Voy a aprender inglés. (intención)
REGLA GRAMATICAL
subject + be + going to + 1
Affirmative
1
2
swim swam
Negative
3
swum
Interrogative
I am going to read
I am not going to read
Am I going to read?
You are going to read
You are not going to read
Are you going to read?
He is going to read
He is not going to read
Is he going to read?
She is going to read
She is not going to read
Is she going to read?
It is going to rain
It is not going to rain
Is it going to rain?
We are going to read
We are not going to read
Are we going to read?
You are going to read
You are not going to read
Are you going to read?
They are going to read
They are not going to read
Are they going to read?
Affirmative
subject + be + going to + 1
I am going to study English. -Voy a estudiar ingles.
She is going to take the final exam. - Ella va a dar el examen final.
Negative
subject + be+ not + going to + 1
I am not going to study English. -No voy a estudiar ingles.
She is not going to take the final exam. - Ella no va a dar el examen final.
12
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Interrogative
Be + subject + going to + 1 ?
Am I going to study English?. -Voy a estudiar ingles?.
Is she going to take the final exam? - Va ella a dar el examen final.?
EXERCISES WITH WILL AND BE GOING TO
1. Two people are travelling to a Car show. Read their conversation and circle the most
appropriate future form.
JASON:
I just heard the weather report.
ARIEL:
Oh? What's the forecast?
JASON: It's raining / It's going to rain tomorrow.
ARIEL:
Oh, no. I hate driving in the rain. And it's a long drive to the Car Show.
JASON: Wait! I have an idea. 1 We´ll take / We´re going to take the train instead!
ARIEL:
Good idea! Do you have a train schedule?
JASON: Yes. Here's one. There's a train that 2 will leave / leaves at 7:00 A.M.
ARIEL:
What about lunch? Oh, I know. 3 I'll make / I'm making some sandwiches for us to take
along. I don´t like train food.
JASON:
those
Sounds good. You know it´s a long trip. What 4 are we doing / are we going to do all
hours?
ARIEL:
Don´t worry. 5 We'll think / We´re thinking of something.
JASON: You know, we have to get up really early.
ARIEL:
That's true. I think 6 I'm going / I'll go home now.
JASON:
OK. 7 I'm seeing you / I'll see you tomorrow. Good night.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Look at the verbs in italics. Do the sentences express present or future time?
The students are going to give oral reports today.
present
I'm beginning a new job next week.
present
Look. It's beginning to rain.
present
The teacher will be in her office after class today.
present
When the class is over, the teacher will be in her office.
present
Finally, class is over. Let's get a cup of coffee.
present
Oh no! We have only five minutes to make our train!
present
Our train leaves from Track 37 in five minutes.
present
The soccer team is playing in Barcelona next week.
present
The soccer team is playing well today. They're winning.
present
13
future
future
future
future
future
future
future
future
future
future
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Correct the errors.
Marie will cooks some chicken and rice for dinner tonight.
Where you will be tomorrow morning?
I no will ride the bus to work tomorrow.
Marco will probably to call us this evening
I going to look for a new apartment.
4. Stephen and his girlfriend, Sophie, are talking about what they're going to do when
they finish their exams. Put the phrases in the box in the appropriate gaps in the
following text.
Won't be
'll stay
'll be able
'll be
'll have
'll have
let's
will be
are you going to
will make
'll love
Stephen:
When I finish my exams, I think I 'll have a long holiday at home. My mother
1_______________ happy to have me back at home for a while. What 2_______________ do?
Sophie
: I think I 3________________ in London for a few weeks and enjoy all the tourist
attractions. I haven't had a chance to see anything yet. London is so fascinating. It
4_________________ nice to have time to look around, and go to the theatre and the
galleries and everything.
STEPHEN:
That's a great idea! I might stay for a week and do the same. If the weather's
good, we 5_________________ to have a picnic in Hyde Park and behave like real
tourists!
SOPHIE: You 6________________ to tell your mother first. She
7___________________________ very pleased!
STEPHEN:
I tell you what 8___________________ her happy! If you come with me to
Barbados! Oh, go on! 9____________________ go together! You
10_____________________my island!
14
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
CAN
COULD
BE ABLE TO
PUDE
SER CAPAZ DE
PODER
CAN: Es un verbo auxiliar
que se usa en presente y sirve para:
·
Describir habilidades: I can play the flute
·
Pedir algo: Can you pass me the salt please?
(Yo puedo tocar la flauta)
(Me puedes pasar la sal por favor?)
·
Pedir o dar permiso: Can I smoke in the livingrooom?
(Puedo fumar en la sala?)
Sujeto/Subject
+
¿
I
She
Can
Verbo
auxiliar
can
can not
you
Verbo
principal
prepare
play
speak
COULD: Es un verbo auxiliar que se puede usar para:
·
Hablar sobre posibilidades o habilidades de pasado
I could Jump very high. (Yo podía saltar muy alto)
·
Sirve para pedir algo de una manera muy cortés
Could you help me with this exercise please?
( Podrías ayudarme con este ejercicio por favor?)
15
Complement
italian food
soccer.
german?
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Sujeto/Subject
+
¿
I
She
Could
Verbo
auxiliar
Verbo
principal
could
could not
you
ride
run
Come
Complement
the bike.
fast.
with me please?
BE ABLE TO: No es un verbo auxiliar, puede expresar habilidad y se lo
puede usar en vez de can.
We are able to travel. (Nosotros podemos viajar)
Anita is able to speak two languages. (Anita puede hablar dos idiomas)
Sujeto/Subject
+
¿
I
She
Are
Be main
verb
am
is not
you
Able
(adjetivo)
able to
able to
able to
Verb
teach English.
drive the car.
take the test?
Tomar en cuenta que la palabra able to puede ser usada en todos los tiempos.
·
·
·
Presente: I am able to travel tomorrow.
Pasado:
He was able to come to the party.
Futuro:
They will be able to train soccer
EXERCISES /EJERCICIOS
Complete las siguientes oraciones con el auxiliar can o could,
pueden ser afirmativas o negativas.
Exercise 1:
Example: Yesterday I _____________ a film, today I can't. (can/ watch)
Answer: Yesterday I could watch a film, today I can't.
1) Last week we_____________ swimming, this week we can't. (can/ go)
2) Maybe the Smiths __________a new house next year. (can/ build)
3) If you try hard, you ____________ your examinations. (can/ pass)
16
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
4) When I was five, I _____________ .(not/can/ swim)
5) Dennis _______________ the trumpet after four months. (can/ play)
6) Luke has passed his driving test, now he ___________ a car. (can/ drive)
7) For three weeks I ____________ to him on the phone. (not/can/to speak)
Exercise 2:
Complete las oraciones con can, can`t, could or couldn’t
1. For a long time, Jim and Maria ____________ agree on a family sport.
Jim loves tennis, and Maria takes lessons, but she still__________ play.
Maria ________________ swim, but Jim hates the water. They recently
took up dancing. Soon, they ___________ tango beautifully together.
2. Last year I _________ dance at all, but when I met Stan, I signed up for a
class right away. He ___________ really dance, and I wanted to dance
with him. Now I ___________ do the basic steps. I ____________ do the
waltz yet, but we’re planning to waltz at our wedding next month.
3. Stefan has made a lot of progress in English. Last semester he
_______________ order a meal in a restaurant or talk on the telephone.
His friends helped him do everything. Now he _______________ speak
English in a lot of situations.
Exercise 3:
Complete cada conversación con la forma correcta de be able to y
el verbo en paréntesis.
1. A: I heard your sister wanted to take lessons. ________ she
___________________ (start)?
B: Yes, she was. She started last month. She can do fox-trot now, but
she still ________________ (do) the waltz.
2. A: Why are you taking dance lessons?
B: I want to ________________ (dance) at my wedding!
3. A: _______________ you _____________(speak) Russian as a child, Mrs.
Suraikin?
B: Yes, I was. We spoke it at home, so I__________________ (speak )it
fluently.
17
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Las oraciones condicionales tienen dos partes:
1.- la oración subordinada con IF que expresa una condición.
2.- La oración principal WILL que expresa el resultado (es decir si se cumple o
no la condición)
Se habla de futuro, se piensa en una condición particular en futuro y el
resultado de esta condición. Existe una probabilidad real de que ésta
condición suceda.
Ejemplo:
Estoy en mi casa en la mañana, planeo jugar tenis en la tarde,
pero el cielo está nublado, ¿qué pasaría si llueve? ¿Juego o no?
IF
If
condition
result
present simple
WILL + base verb
it rains,
I will stay at home.
Si pueden notar, estoy hablando de una condición a futuro, pero el cielo está
nublado, y pienso que tal vez llueva. Uso el presente simple para hablar de
esta posible condición
resultado.
(IF).
Uso el futuro
(will)
para hablar sobre el posible
Lo importante de esta primera condición es que hay una posibilidad real de
que la condición suceda.
18
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
EJEMPLOS / EXAMPLES:
IF
condition
result
present simple
WILL + base verb
If
I see Mary,
I will tell her.
If
Tara is free tomorrow,
he will invite her.
If
they do not pass their exam,
their teacher will be sad.
If
it rains tomorrow,
will you stay at home?
If
it rains tomorrow,
what will you do?
result
IF
WILL + base verb
condition
present simple
I will tell Mary
if
I see her.
He will invite Tara
if
she is free tomorrow.
Their teacher will be sad
if
they do not pass their exam.
Will you stay at home
if
it rains tomorrow?
What will you do
if
it rains tomorrow?
NOTA: Como pueden observar la oración se puede empezar con if o a su
vez con will (resultado). Ambas formas son válidas en la estructura
gramatical.
Recuerda, si se usa if primero, se debe poner una coma obligatoriamente
antes de empezar la segunda oración.
Terceras personas (s) en el verbo y auxiliares se siguen manteniendo.
19
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
ADJECTIVES + INFINITIVES (INFINITIVOS
DESPUÉS DE UN ADJETIVO
Como sabemos los adjetivos son usados para describir algo. En esta ocasión
vamos a usar adjetivos con verbos en infinitivo.
Adjetivos / Adjectives: happy, afraid, tired, etc.
Infinitivos / Infinitives:
recuerdan? significa poner la preposición to
antes de un verbo, to finish, to go, to prepare, to do etc.
Como usamos este tipo de estructura gramatical?
FACIL:
SUBJECT + BE
I'm
He is
We are not
ADJECTIVE
happy
glad
afraid
INFINITIVE
to meet
to help
to touch
COMPLEMENT
you.
them.
a snake.
ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS
Como sabemos los adjetivos son usados para describir algo. En esta ocasión
vamos a usar adjetivos + preposiciones.
Adjetivos / Adjectives: happy, afraid, tired, etc.
Preposiciones/Prepositions: of, to, about, with, for, at, by
20
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Como usamos este tipo de estructura gramatical?
FACIL:
SUBJECT
VERB
ADJECTIVE
PREPOSITION
COMPLEMENT
It
is
stupid
of
They
She
were
was
disappointed
surprised
with
By / at
her to go out without a
coat.
your tests results.
the news
NOTA: Lista de adjetivos + preposiciones al final
del folleto.
EJERCICIOS /EXERCISES
1. - First Conditional (Fill in the blanks) Llenar los
espacios.
1.
If
2.
We
you
(die)
3. If you
I
6.
The
study),
if
you
(fail)
we
(not
(look) in the fridge, you
4. If there
5.
(not
get)
sea
level
you
my
umbrella
(rise)
if
if
the
(eat) your sandwiches now, you
8. You
(be) safe in an accident if you
(save) all his money, he
10. I
(not come) with you if you
help
soon!
(break) down.
you
planet
7. If you
lunch!
9. If he
Canada.
test.
(find) some cold drinks.
(be) no oil in the engine, the car
(lend)
the
(need)
(get)
it.
hotter.
(not have) anything for
(wear) your seatbelt.
(be able to go) on holiday to
(not bring) John!
21
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
2. - Adjectives + infinitives. Choose the best
answer (Escoga la respuesta apropiada.
1. We have to leave soon. Are you ready __?
a) to go
b) to meet
c) to help
2. a) Hello. My name is Sara.
b) Hello. I'm very pleased __ you.
a) to eat
b) to meet
c) to be
3. Lee is very sad __ the news about his grandpa. a) to change
b) to be
c) to hear
4. You should be proud __ a student.
a) to go
b) to be
c) to call
5. After a car accident, some people are lucky __
alive.
a) to reach
b) to go
c) to be
6. Are you afraid __ a snake?
a) to call
b) to touch
c) to listen
7. The students aren't prepared __ the exam.
a) to take
b) to listen
c) to work
8. The President was glad __ that the war was
finally over.
a) to be
b) to take
c) to know
9. The people are happy __ the police caught the
robber.
a) to take
b) to be
c) to hear
10. The robber isn't glad __ in jail.
a) to hear
b) to be
c) to know
11. Dinner is ready. __ your brother ready to eat? a) Are
b) Is
c) Be
12. a) Hello. My name is Arnold.
b) Hi Arnold! We __ very pleased to meet you.
a) are
b) is
c) be
13. Mel Gibson and Jackie Chan __ proud to be
movie stars.
a) are
b) is
c) am
14. Mel __ very sad to see that Jennifer got
married.
a) are
b) is
c) am
15. Brad __ glad to be married to Jennifer.
a) are
b) is
c) am
16. Jennifer __ prepared to quit acting.
a) aren't
b) isn't
c) am not
17. Many women __ unhappy to hear that Brad
got married!
a) are
b) be
c) was
18. Many men __ happy to know that Jennifer
got married.
a) aren't
b) isn't
c) am not
19. I __ not afraid to touch a snake!
a) are
b) is
c) am
20. After his car accident, Frank __ lucky to be
alive.
a) were
b) was
c) am
22
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
3.- Adjectives + prepositions. Fill in the blanks
with the correct preposition.
1. I’m angry
2. Are you afraid
3. It's very nice
4. He is married
5. It's very nice
him for telling lies about me.
him?
you to lend me your car.
his sister.
you to lend me your car.
6. Why are you always so bad
7. It wasn’t very polite
your parents?
him to leave without saying thank you.
8. I can’t understand people who are cruel
9. I have to stop to talk to you. I’m a bit short
10. Are you interested
11. You shoes are similar
mine but they are not exactly the same.
food.
the children because it rained every day.
14. He said he was sorry
15. He is good
time.
football?
12. We’ve got enough to eat. The fridge is full
13. I felt sorry
animals.
the situation but there was nothing he could do.
playing chess.
23
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
GERUNDS / GERUNDIOS
Lo primer es entender que significa gerundio
Gerundio es un verbo que termina en ing: play + ing = playing
·
Dance + ing = dancing / cook + ing = cooking
USOS DE LOS GERUNDIOS
1. Como sujeto de la oración:
En este caso significa que el gerundio forma parte de una oración como
sujeto de la misma.
Ejemplo: Swimming is a good sport. (Natación es un buen deporte)
Si pueden ver estoy usando el verbo swim + ing y es parte del sujeto de
mi oración.
Driving a car requires good vision. (Manejar un auto requiere de buena
visión).
24
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
2. Como objeto de la oración:
Aquí el gerundio va a formar parte del predicado o complemento.
Ejemplo: My mother loves watching TV. (Mi mama le encanta ver
televisión)
Pueden ver que watching en la oración pertenece a la parte del
predicado o complemento.
3. Después de una preposición:
En este caso un gerundio se lo ubica después de una preposición.
Ejemplo: She is responsible
for doing her homework.
Preposición
gerundio
I am tired of waking up early. (Estoy cansada de levantarme temprano)
Preposición gerundio
INFINITIVES /INFINITIVOS
Infinitivo quiere decir usar un verbo con la palabra to.
To play (jugar)
to sing (cantar)
to work (trabajar)
25
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
USOS DE LOS INFINITIVOS
1. Como sujeto de la oración:
En este caso significa que el infinitivo forma parte de una oración como
sujeto de la misma.
Ejemplo: To speak a foreign language well requires practice. (Hablar
bien un idioma extranjero requiere de practica)
Como pueden observar este verbo infinitivo está haciendo el papel de
sujeto dentro de la oración.
To read a good book is my favorite hobby. (Leer un buen libro es mi
hobby favorito).
2. Como objeto de la oración:
Aquí el infinitivo va a formar parte del predicado o complemento.
Ejemplo: We don’t need to fight like this. (Nosotros no necesitamos
pelear de esta manera).
En el ejemplo pueden ver que to fight pertenece al predicado o
complemento.
EJERCICIOS / EXERCISES
GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS OF THE SENTENCE
Exercise No. 1
26
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
1. Use los verbos entre paréntesis para formar oraciones que
empiecen con gerundios como sujeto de la oración.
a. ( lose) ____________ a job is difficult.
b. (cook)_____________ desserts is my favorite hobby.
c. (study)_____________ English grammar helps us to understand
better.
d. (drink)______________ warm milk helps me to sleep.
e. (go)________________ on vacation is good for families.
GERUNS AFTER PREPOSITIONS
Exercise No. 2
2. Con los verbos en paréntesis forme oraciones utilizando
gerundios después de las preposiciones.
a. He is tired of____________ (get) up early in the morning.
b. Maria talks about____________ (have) a party on Saturday.
c. My parents plan on____________(travel) next summer.
d. Joana thanked Luis for___________ (invite) her to the cinema.
e. I am interested in_____________(learn) a new language.
INFINITIVES AS SUBJECTS OF THE SENTENCE
Exercise No. 3
3. Use los verbos entre paréntesis para formar oraciones que
empiecen con infinitivo como sujeto de la oración.
a. ( eat)____________ at Maxi is his wish.
b. (travel) ____________ abroad is my dream.
c. (drink) _____________ a lot of water is good for health.
d. (watch) ____________ History programs on TV is good for students.
e. ( learn) ___________ a lot of English grammar helps us to develop
the exam.
INFINITIVES AS OBJECT OF THE SENTENCE
Exercise No. 4
27
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
4. Use los verbos entre paréntesis para formar oraciones con
infinitivos como objeto de la oración.
a. We like____________ (read) novels.
b. The students don’t need___________ (make) copies for the project.
c. The children go____________ (play) soccer in the park.
d. Adult people enjoy___________ (drink) herbal tea after meals.
e. She hopes ___________ (finish) her studies by 2012.
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
Las preguntas indirectas tienen el mismo propósito que las preguntas
directas, simplemente estas preguntas indirectas en el idioma ingles se
las considera más formales (polite).
¿Qué se considera una pregunta indirecta?
Una pregunta indirecta se considera aquellas frases especiales que se usan
como las siguientes:
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Do you know?
Can you tell me?
Have you any idea...?
I am not sure...
I would like to know...
I wonder...
Despues de usar estas preguntas o frases indirectas se procede a realizar la
pregunta propiamente dicha.
Ejemplo / Example:
Pregunta indirecta +
pregunta directa
Do you know +
where my sister is?
28
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Entonces la pregunta de una manera más formal queda de la siguiente
manera:
Do you know where my sister is?
Se preguntarán a ustedes mismo, porque la pregunta directa tiene is al final y
no despues de la palabra where como nos enseña la regla gramatical. (Where
is my sister?)
La respuesta es porque ya tenemos una frase indirecta que hace el papel de
pregunta al inicio y porque la pregunta directa en este caso se convierte en
una oración afirmativa.
More examples:
PREGUNTA DIRECTA / DIRECT
QUESTION
PREGUNTA INDIRECTA /
INDIRECT QUESTION
Where does Juan live?
Do you know where Juan lives?
Is she studying Math at home?
I wonder if she is studying Math at
home?
Can you tell me if the students will
travel to Loja?
I am not sure whether your parents
went to Baños?
I would like to know what your sister
did after lunch?
Will the students travel to Loja?
Did your parents go to Baños?
What did your sister do after lunch?
Cada vez que una pregunta empieza con un wh-word question se mantiene el
mismo.
1. Do you know where Juan lives?
2. I would like to know what your sister did after lunch.
Cada vez que una pregunta empieza con auxiliares directamente ( is, are, am,
do, does, did, will) se procede a utilizar la palabra if or whether (significan lo
mismo= si) despues de la pregunta indirecta.
1. I wonder if she is studying Math at home.
2. Can you tell me whether the students will travel to Loja?
3. I am not sure if your parents went to Baños.
29
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Recuerden: Cuando se tiene una pregunta indirecta al inicio, la pregunta
propiamente dicha cambia su estructura, es decir se vuelve una oración
afirmativa, fíjese en los ejemplos arriba mencionados.
Exercise No. 5
Complete the indirect question with the information given below.
1 "Where's the station?"
"Can you tell me where the station is ?"
2 "Are you coming to the party?"
"Can you let me know if ___________________________________________ ?"
3 "How does it work?"
"Can you explain ___________________________________________ ?"
4 "What's the the matter?"
Please tell me ___________________________________________ ."
5 "Where are you from?"
"I'd like to know ___________________________________________ ."
6 "How long does it take to get there?"
"Do you know ___________________________________________ ?"
7 "Has she reached a decision yet?"
"Has she told you whether ___________________________________________ ?"
8 "What time are you leaving?"
"Do you know ___________________________________________ ?"
9 "Does Annie know about computers?"
"I wonder whether ___________________________________________ ."
10 "Excuse me. How do you get to the post office from here?"
"Could you tell us ___________________________________________ ?"
11 "What are you doing?!"
"Do you have any idea ___________________________________________ ?!"
12 "Could you lend me 50 Euros?"
"I don't suppose ___________________________________________ ."
30
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
13 "Could you take me to the airport?"
"Is there any chance ___________________________________________ ?"
14 "Does Susana like classical music?"
"I can't remember if ___________________________________________ ."
Exercise No. 6
Write indirect questions.
1. Have you ever been to Kapadokya?
I wonder if you have been to Kapadokya.
2. Who scored Barcelona's first goal last night?
Do you know………………………………………………….?
3. When is Francisco going to move to Manta?
I have no idea …………………………………………………
4. Who brought this computer to the office?
I want to know………………………………………………..
5. Does your new girlfriend smoke?
I wonder…………………………………………………………
6. How many times has Michael been to Mexico?
Could you tell me ……………………………………………?
7. Can she play the guitar?
I wonder …………………………………………………………
8. What were you doing when the earthquake happened?
I don’t remember………………………………………………
9. Has Jenny moved to Cuenca?
I don’t know……………………………………………………….
10. What time did the coordinator leave the office?
I don’t remember………………………………………………….
31
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
USE OF : SO / TOO / EITHER / NEITHER
SO / TOO
SO / TOO es usado para expresar un acuerdo (también) en oraciones
afirmativas
Example: Jennifer works from Monday to Friday. So does Esteban or Esteban
too.
Jennifer trabaja de Lunes a Viernes. También Esteban o Esteban también.
Lo que so y too expresan en su uso es que la segunda persona hace también lo
mismo.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
SO +
Auxiliary +
Subject (Pronoun)
So
does
Esteban (he)
Subject (Pronoun)
too
Esteban (he)
too
Notar que so va antes del auxiliar y too va despues del pronombre.
En este caso el auxiliar dependerá del tiempo de la oración.
Examples / Ejemplos con diferentes tiempos.
Person A
Person B
I am happy.
So am I.
= I am happy too.
I'm going to Brazil in the summer.
So am I.
= I am going to Brazil too.
You look nice today.
So do you.
= you look nice too.
Stephanie has a new boyfriend.
So does Mary.
= Mary has a new one too.
32
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
We went to the concert last night.
So did I.
= I went to the concert too.
I would love a coffee right now.
So would I.
= I would love a coffee too.
He will win a prize.
So will I.
= I will win one too.
They have finished their homework.
So have I.
= I have finished too.
I can speak two languages.
So can I.
= I can speak two too.
He should study more.
So should I.
= I should study more too.
We could see the mountains.
So could we.
= We could see them too.
My brother had eaten too much.
So had I.
= I had eaten too much too.
NEITHER / EITHER
Neither / Either es usado para expresar un acuerdo pero en forma negativa,
(tampoco) es decir en oraciones negativas
Example: My husband doesn't speak German. Neither does my daughter or my
daughter doesn't speak German either.
Mi esposo no habla alemán. Tampoco mi hija. Mi hija tampoco.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
NEITHER+
Auxiliary +
Subject (Pronoun)
Neither
does
my daughter (she)
Subject + aux/not +
verb
either
My daughter doesn't
speak German
either
Notar que neither va antes del auxiliar y either va al final de la
oración.
En este caso el auxiliar dependerá del tiempo de la oración.
Examples /Ejemplos con diferentes tiempos.
33
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Person A
Person B
I am not hungry.
Neither am I.
= I'm not hungry either
I'm not going to quit.
Neither am I.
= I'm not going to quit either
They don't speak French.
Neither do I.
= I don't speak French either.
Stephanie doesn't eat meat.
Neither does Mary.
= Mary doesn't eat meat either.
Mary didn't go to the party.
Neither did I.
= I didn't go either.
I wouldn't like to do his job.
Neither would I.
= I wouldn't like to do it either.
He won't stop talking.
Neither will you.
= You won't stop either.
You haven't finished your meal.
Neither have you.
= You haven't finished either.
Mike can't reach the top shelf.
Neither can I.
= I can't reach it either.
You shouldn't talk in the movie.
Neither should you.
= You shouldn't talk either.
We couldn't hear him.
Neither could we.
= We couldn't hear him either.
I hadn't seen her before.
Neither had I.
= I hadn't seen her before either.
Exercise No. 7
Complete the conversation with so, too, neither, either
1.- A: I love Indian food.
B: ______________ do I.
2.- A: I am not in the mood for fast food.
B: _________ am I.
3.- A: I can't stand horror movies.
B: I can't __________
4.- A: I'm crazy about Ecuadorian desserts.
B: I am ________________
5.- A: I think ceviches are delicious.
B: _____________ do I.
6.- A: I don't eat enough healthy food.
B: I don't ___________________
7.- A: My sister has been to Galapagos twice.
B: ___________ has my sister.
34
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
8.- A: Elias won't travel to Ibarra next Sunday.
B: __________ won't my brother.
Exercise No. 8
Complete column B using so or neither, as in the examples given.
A
B
Example 1: Sean is Irish. Michael is Irish too.
Example 1: Sean is Irish. So is Michael.
>>>
Example 2 : Tom doesn't like sailing. I don't Example 2 : Tom doesn't like sailing.
like sailing either. > > >
Neither do I
1) My sister loves chocolate. I love chocolate
too.
2) Peter was late. Mary was late too.
1)
2)
3) They can't speak Chinese. We can't speak
Chinese either.
3)
4) Coffee keeps you awake. Tea keeps you
awake too.
4)
5) Sarah doesn't like coffee. Jane doesn't like 5)
coffee either.
6) David's job isn't well paid. My job isn't well 6)
paid either.
7) My parents would love to live by the sea. I 7)
would love to live by the sea too.
8) Tom wouldn't like to lose his job. Peter
wouldn't like to lose his job either.
8)
9) Julie is interested in art. I'm interested in
art too.
9)
10) Bill didn't understand the joke. His wife
didn't understand the joke either.
10)
35
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
ANSWERS / RESPUESTAS
EXERCISES UNIT 1
Exercise No. 1
1. Does finish
2. Speak
3. Doesnt speak
4. Arrives
5. Does know
6. Don’t like
7.
8. Starts
9. Go
10. Love
11. Loves
12. Doesn’t enjoy / loves
Exercise No. 2
1. does
2. do
3. doesn’t
4. do
5. does
6. don’t
7. do
8. don’t
9. does
10. do
Exercise No.3
1. Always
2. Always
Never
never/rarely
Usually /often
never
Rarely / seldom
sometimes
Sometimes
36
3. always
never
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Exercise No.4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
He is having a job interview
He is meeting Jasmine
He is taking a plane to Chile
He is playing tennis
He is watching a movie
Exercise No.5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
is traveling
are working
are helping
is buying
am making
are playing
Exercise No.6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Am not meeting
Am going
Is visiting
Is coming
Are sending
Are not having
EXERCISES UNIT 2
Exercise No. 1
1. We'll take
2. leaves
3. I'm making
4. are we going to do
5. we'll think
6. I'm going
7. I'll see
37
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Exercise No. 2
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
future
present
future
future
present
present
future
future
present
Exercise No. 3
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Marie will cook some chicken and rice for dinner tonight.
Where will you be tomorrow morning?
I won't ride the bus to work tomorrow.
Marco will probably call us this evening.
I am going to look for a new apartment.
Exercise No. 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
will be
are you going to
'll stay
'll be
'll be able
'll have
won't be
will make
let's
'll love
EXERCISES UNIT 3
Exercise No.1
Exercise No. 2
Exercise No. 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1. couldn’t
2. Can
3. Can
4. couldn’t
5. Could
6. can
7. Cant
8. could
9. can
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
could go
can build
can pass
couldn’t swim
could play
can drive
couldn’t speak
38
was able to speak
isn’t able to do
be able to dance
were able to speak
am able to speak
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
EXERCISES UNIT 4
Exercise No. 1
1. don't study/ will fail
2. will die/ don't get
3. look / will find
4. is / will break
5. will lend / need
6. will rise / gets
7. eat / won't have
8. will be / wear
9. saves / will be
10. won't come / don't bring
Exercise No. 2
1. to
2. to
3. to
4. to
5. to
6. to
7. to
8. to
9. to
10. to
go
meet
hear
be
be
touch
take
know
hear
be
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Exercise No. 3
1. with
2. of
3. to
4. to
5. to
6. at
7. to
8. to
9. of
10. at
11. to
12. of
39
is
are
are
is
is
isn't
are
aren't
am
was
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
13. for /about
14. for / about
15. at
EXERCISES UNIT 5
Exercise No. 1
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cooking
Studying
Drinking
Going
Exercises No. 2
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Getting
Having
Travelling
Inviting
Learning
Exercise No. 3
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
To
To
To
To
To
eat
travel
drink
watch
learn
Exercise No. 4
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
To
To
To
To
To
read
make
play
drink
finish
Exercise No. 5
"Where's the station?"
40
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
"Can you tell me where the station is?
"Are you coming to the party?"
"Can you let me know if you're/are coming to the party?
"How does it work?"
"Can you explain (to me) how it works?"
"What's the matter?"
Please tell me what the matter is?"
"Where are you from?"
"I'd like to know where you are from?"
"How long does it take to get there?"
"Do you know how long it takes to get there?"
"Has she reached a decision yet?"
"Has she told you whether she has reached a decision yet?"
"What time are you leaving?"
"Do you know what time you're/are leaving?"
"Does Annie know about computers?"
"I wonder whether Annie knows about computers?"
"Excuse me. How do you get to the post office from here?"
"Could you tell us how /you get/we get/to get/ to the post office from here?"
"What are you doing?!"
"Do you have any idea what you are doing?!"
"Could you lend me 50 Euros?"
"I don't suppose you could lend me 50 Euros."
"Could you take me to the airport?"
"Is there any chance you could take me to the airport?"
"Does Susana like classical music?"
"I can't remember if Susana likes classical music."
Exercise N0. 6
1. I wonder if you have ever been to Kapadokya.
2. Do you know who scored Barcelona's first goal last night?
3. I have no idea when Francisco is going to move to Manta.
4. I want to know who brought this computer to the office.
41
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
5. I wonder if / whether your new girlfriend smokes.
6. Could you tell me how many times Michael has been to Mexico?
7. I wonder if she sould play the guitar.
8. I don’t remember what I was doing when the earthquake happened. ( As
an answer to the question )
9. I don’t know if Jenny has moved to Cuenca.
10. I don’t exactly remember what time the coordinator left the office.
Exercise No.7
1. so
2. neither
3. stand horror movies either
4. I am crazy about Ecuadorian desserts too.
5. so
6. I don't eat healthy food either.
7. So
8. Neither
Exercise No. 8
1. My sister loves chocolate. So do I.
2. Peter was late. So was Mary.
3. They can't speak Chinese. Neither can we.
4. Coffee keeps you awake. So does tea.
5. Sarah doesn't like coffee. Neither does Jane.
6. David's job isn't well paid. Neither is mine.
7. My parents would love to live by the sea. So would I.
8. Tom wouldn't like to lose his job. Neither would Peter.
9. Julie is interested in art. So am I.
10. Bill didn't understand the joke. Neither did his wife.
42
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
BIBLIOGRAFIA RECOMENDADA
http://www.aprende-gratis.com/ingles/curso.php?lec=presente-simple
http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/omverbs/simplepresent.htm
Azar, B. (2009). Understanding and Using English Grammar. USA:
Longman
Fuchs, Bonner, Westheimer. ( 2000). Focus on Grammar. An
intermediate course for reference and practice. USA
LOTT, H. (2005) Real English Grammar. Marshall Cavendish Ltd.
Werner, P. (1998). A Communicative Grammar. Third Edition. USA:
Editorial McGraw-Hill
Werner, P. (1996) A Content-Based Grammar. Mosaic One. Third
Edition
43
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
ANEXOS
LISTA DE ADJETIVOS + PREPOSICIONES / LIST
OF ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS
A
accustomed
accused
acquainted
addicted
annoyed
allergic
amazed
anxious
appreciated
ashamed
associated
astonished
aware
angry
afraid
attached
C
to
of
with
to
about/with/at
to
at/by
about
for
of
with
at/by
of
with
of
to
B
bad
based
beneficial
boastful
bored
brilliant
busy
of
with/about/of
about
of
at
with
of
with
about
with
about
to
D
at
on
to
for
with
at
with
E
eager
eligible
enthusiastic
excellent
excited
capable
careful
certain
characteristic
clever
connected
conscious
content
crazy
crowded
curious
cruel
dissatisfied
doubtful
delighted
derived
different
disappointed
with
about
at/about
from
from
with
F
for
for
about
in/at
about
faithful
familiar
famous
fed up
free
44
to
with
for
with
of/from
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
experienced
exposed
envious
in
to
of
G
generous
guilty
gentle
good
grateful
with/about
of/about
with
at
to
with/to
to
with
to
to
of
in
with
of
jealous
to
on
of
late
limited
lucky
for
to
at
O
of/about
for
P
patient
pessimistic
pleased
polite
popular
about
of/about
L
M
nervous
notorious
happy
hopeful
J
K
kind
keen
of
with
of
about
with
of
H
I
identical
immune
impressed
inferior
indifferent
innocent
interested
involved
incapable
frightened
friendly
fond
furious
furnished
full
opposed
to
S
with
about
with
to
with
sad
safe
satisfied
scared
sensitive
45
about
from
with
of
to
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
presented
proud
punished
puzzled
with
of
for
by/about
Q
for
T
ready
related
relevant
respectful
responsible
rid
for
to
to
for
for
of
U
at
of
of
to/for
with
with
of
unaware
upset
used
W
wrong
worried
about
of
to
by
at
at
for/about
in
for
of/about
to
at
of
with
R
qualified
terrible
terrified
tired
thankful
trilled
troubled
typical
serious
sick
similar
shocked
skilful
slow
sorry
successful
suitable
sure
superior
surprised
suspicious
sympathetic
with/about
about
46
of
about
to