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University of Puerto Rico Medical Science Campus Title V Project Interdisciplinary Educational Model that Incorporates Technology for Health Professions’ Students Dra. Jennifer Guzmán, School of Pharmacy Coordinator Dra. Gloria Ortiz Blanco, School of Nursing Coordinator Prof. Mirna L. Pacheco, College of Health Related Professions Coordinator Dr. Rubén García, Director Title V Project 1 October/2006 Interdisciplinary Educational Model (IEM) DESCRIPTION The Interdisciplinary Educational Model is an educational interdisciplinary approach that incorporates technology to enhance the health educational skills of students of health professions for the health promotion and maintenance, and the prevention of illness of at risk populations. 2 Background IEM is the implementation of the Educational Component of the Title V Project within the Office of the Chancellor at the Medical Sciences Campus (MSC) of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR). The Project is funded by the US Department of Education Title V Grant PO31SO10027PO 3 Background Title V Project Strategic Goal No. 2 Within the full Title V Project, IEM fulfills Strategic Goal No. 2: The creation of interdisciplinary settings that integrate models of teaching, service and research which contribute to the academic performance of students as well as to the well being and people quality of life. 4 Background Specific Goal of the Title V Project Educational Component To contribute to the students’ acquisition of educational skills required to teach health promotion and maintenance, and prevention of illness on their respective curricula’s , within the Medical Sciences Campus community groups. 5 Procedure/Methodology Phase 1 - Research: Needs Assessment Students’ need for training Common Health Problems Phase 2 – Planning Phase 3 - Implementation 6 Phase 1 Research: Needs Assessment Student Needs for Health Teaching Training – Survey Sample/participants Description: Undergraduates Diurnal students Singles living with parents and boarding Graduates from public high schools No children Not working 22 years average age Receiving financial aid Mostly women 7 Student Needs - Survey 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 76.4% 70% 50.00% 50% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 25% Responding students’ curricula include a teaching component Responding students’ programs require health teaching activities Students have never carried out an educational activity Respondents indicate difficulty in carrying out an educational activity 8 Phase 1 – Research : Needs Assessment Most common health problems identified were: • • • • • Diabetes Cardiovascular diseases and hypertension Mental health and depression Cancer Asthma 9 Phase 2 - Planning Staff recruitment: • Educational Center Coordinator • School Coordinators • Faculty Design of Learning Activities Design of Educational Center Promotion activities for students recruitment 10 Working Plan Prevention Promotion Maintenance 1st semester August / Dec. 2nd semester January / May 20 Students *Educational Workshops *Health Fair 20 Students *Educational Workshops *Health Fair Educational Lectures and Health Fairs Medical Science Campus Community Project Alumni 11 Phase 3 - Implementation Student recruitment Student training • Workshops • Tutorials • Poster Evaluations • Health Fairs Educational Center Support Services 12 Model Characteristics Technology-based • For student learning Used in all workshops Technological support center • Computers, printers, access to: internet, data bases, programs, printed materials • Full-time Educational Coordinator offering technological tutorials and support. 13 Technological Support Center 14 Model Characteristics Technology-based • For patient teaching: Electronically designed educational materials • Flyers • Brochures • Posters • Power Point Presentations 15 ¿Cómo Puedes Prevenir el Cáncer? Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Farmacia Oficina del Rector Proyecto Título V Por: Janiris Alsina Rivera y Abel Morales Ortiz Introducción Prevención del Cáncer Más de un millón de personas contraen cáncer cada año. Aproximadamente 1 de cada 2 hombres y una de cada 3 mujeres tendrá cáncer en alguna etapa de su vida. Cada año más de 350,000 hombres y mujeres son diagnosticados con cáncer, entre los que prevalecen: cáncer del pulmón, colorectal, piel, seno, próstata y del cuello del útero. Cualquier persona puede contraer cáncer a cualquier edad. Normalmente un 79 % de los casos de cáncer ocurren en personas que tienen 55 años de edad o más. Actualmente millones de personas viven con la enfermedad o se han podido curar. Sin embargo por medio de cambios en los estilos de vida y con la temprana detección, estos cánceres pueden ser prevenidos y tratados fácilmente. La mejor manera de combatir el cáncer es previniendo. La detección temprana es la mejor arma contra la enfermedad, ya que a más temprano se detecte, mayor será la probabilidad de sobrevivir al mismo. 32% Pulmón y bronquios 10% Próstata 10% Colon y recto Men 290,890 Haga ejercicios regularmente por lo menos 30 minutos tres veces a la semana. Protéjase al tener relaciones sexuales. Se recomienda el uso de métodos anticonceptivos como el condón. Hay ciertos virus de transmisión sexual que se asocian al cáncer del cuello de la matriz. Expóngase al sol lo menos posible entre las 10:00 AM y 4:00 PM. Se recomienda una crema bloqueadora de mínimo SPF 15 para proteger su piel. Si trabaja con sustancias químicas nocivas tales como el asbesto utilice un tipo de vestimenta que le proteja y siga todas las normas de protección. Women 272,810 25% Pulmón y bronquios 15% Seno 10% Colon y recto 6% Ovarios 5% Páncreas 6% Páncreas 5% Leucemia 4% Leucemia 4% Linfoma 3% Linfoma 3% Cuerpo uterino 4% Esófago 2% Mieloma Múltiple 3% Hígado y ducto 2% Cerebro Non-Hodgkin Non-Hodgkin biliar intrahepático Estilos de Vida: 24% Pídale a su médico que le haga exámenes físicos regularmente y pregúntele sobre las guías de detección temprana del cáncer. Entre estos estudios se recomienda un exámen de la próstata a hombres de 40 años de edad o más al menos una vez al año y una mamografía al menos una vez al año a mujeres de 40 años o más (se recomienda a toda mujer hacerse un auto-examen del seno al menos una vez al año). Existen pruebas de laboratorios disponibles que miden marcadores de tumores que ayudan al diagnóstico y detección temprana, como el PSA y CEA. Toda mujer activa sexualmente debe practicarse un exámen conocido como el Papanicolau (PAP) para detectar cáncer del cuello uterino. Otros lugares 3% Vejiga urinaria 3% Riñón Fuente: Sociedad Americana del Cáncer, 2004. 21% Otros lugares Fig. 1 Muertes estimadas por cáncer en E.U.para el año 2004 ¿Qué es cáncer? El cáncer surge cuando las células de alguna parte del cuerpo comienzan a crecer sin control. Aunque existen muchos tipos de cáncer, todos comienzan debido al crecimiento sin control de células anormales. Debido a que las células cancerosas continúan creciendo y dividiéndose, son diferentes de las células normales. Las células anormales en lugar de morir, viven más tiempo que las células normales y continúan formando nuevas células anormales. Esto puede resultar en un tumor. No todos los tumores son malignos. Hay tumores que son benignos, o sea, que no se propagan y por lo tanto no son indicativos de cáncer. Formas de Prevención Alimentación: Siga una dieta basada en plantas que incluya vegetales, granos y frutas. Coma menos grasas saturadas (grasas de origen animal). Coma o beba alimentos con calcio (leche y sus derivados: queso, leche desnatada, yogurt). Conclusión Factores de Riesgo Un factor de riesgo es cualquier cosa que aumenta las probabilidades de que cualquier persona contraiga una enfermedad. Existen diferentes factores de riesgo que predisponen al cáncer los cuales son: exposición sin protección a los rayos solares, fumar, consumo excesivo de alcohol, consumo de comidas de alto contenido de grasas saturadas, falta de ejercicio, no hacerse exámenes de rutina o no visitar al médico regularmente y factores hereditarios. Estilos de Vida: Evite el uso de tabaco, cigarrillo, cigarro y pipa. Disminuya el consumo de alcohol. Limite el uso a no más de dos tragos por día. Un trago equivale a dos cervezas y una copa de vino o una onza de alcohol para hombres y en mujeres, una cerveza, media copa de vino o media onza de alcohol. Actualmente el cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en la población, siendo las enfermedades cardiovasculares la primera. Mediante prácticas de prevención efectivas podemos disminuir los factores de riesgo de dicha enfermedad. Es importante que toda persona visite frecuentemente su médico y consulte cualquier síntoma o signo como: sangrado, sobrecrecimiento, anormalidad, debilidad, pérdida de apetito u otros que puedan ser indicativos de cáncer. Referencias: 2004 [on-line]. Available at http:// www.cancer.org Subvencionado por el Programa Título V del Departamento de Educación Federal a través del Grant PO31SO10027 Model Characteristics Technology-based - For documentation /assessment of learning Student portfolio • Copy of all workshop materials • Technologically designed health teaching materials 18 Model Characteristics Interdisciplinary Faculty • Educational Coordinators and Teachers from School of Nursing School of Pharmacy College of Health Related Professions • UPR Main Campus Faculty (Rio Piedras) 19 Model Characteristics Interdisciplinary Students from • School of Nursing • School of Pharmacy • College of Health Related Professions 20 Model Characteristics Active Learning • Preparation of Educational Materials • Evaluation of poster presentations – using knowledge acquired and checklist • Design and Implementation of Health Fairs and Special Educational Activities Incorporating Pedagogic and Clinical Knowledge 21 Model Characteristics Academic Tutorials Coordinators from each school offer: Advice on information gathering and data search. Review of educational materials contents. Technological advice and support. 22 Model Characteristics Voluntary Student Participation Student Responsibilities • • • • • Attend all workshops Evaluate every workshop/educational activity Weekly written reflections Design Educational Materials Perform Poster Evaluations at MSC Annual Research Forum • Participate in Health Fair Planning • Complete and provide a copy of personal portfolio 23 Model Characteristics Student Benefits • Free training to learn/enhance required patient teaching skills. • Development/enhancement of technological skills for general professional use. • Development / enhancement of academic skills 24 Model Characteristics Incentives for Participation • Free meals • Free USB Pen drive • Recognition Certificate of Participation Recognition Activity • Free use of Educational Technological Center facilities and materials for general academic needs. 25 Learning Activities Weekly sessions 2 hours per week 11 weeks 22 total class/contact hours 2 hours orientation 12 hours workshops (6 weeks) 2 hours/poster evaluations 2 hours/health fair planning 2 hours health fairs 2 hours final evaluation and recognition 26 Learning Activities Workshops/Themes: • Workshops capacitating students in planning and carrying out educational activities -Planning an Educational Lecture -Developing Educational Strategies - Speaking in Public 27 Learning Activities Workshops to incorporate technology in education -Creating an electronic portfolio -Creating a Power Point poster - Carrying your Message through Publications 28 RESULTS Successful development and implementation of IEM 102 students completed training and portfolios Over 100 health educational flyers and brochures Over 40 health educational posters 8 health fairs carried out 1,352 participants 29 Figure 2 – Attendance to Health Fairs Years 2003-2005 250 250 230 200 209 150 150 153 150 130 100 Apr-03 Nov-03 Apr-03 Nov-04 November 17/2004 Apr-05 Nov-05 6-May 80 50 30 0 31 32 RESULTS • Accomplishment of program objectives • High level of satisfaction of student participants • Campus faculty and student demand for the program training • Development of a standard elective and an e-course on health teaching with emphasis on incorporation of technology 33 Figure 3 - Students Perception (N-23) about applicability of content workshops to their professional practice as health professionals 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% Totally Agree Agree 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Foster level of im portance of illness prevention, health prom otion and m aintenance Facilitate developm ent of educational skills Em phasize the im portance of illness prevention and health prom otion and m aintenance 34 CONCLUSION IEM is an effective and useful strategy to develop and enhance health teaching competencies in students of health professions. 35 PLAN Explore external resources for program continuation Survey to assess interest in offering the program as continuing education Implementation of the elective course Further dissemination of results Follow up of program alumnae to assess benefit and/or further use of training 36 Recommendation To replicate and implement the IEM in other campuses or schools/programs of health professions. 37 Title V Project Web Page http://titulov.rcm.upr.edu/ 38 Questions or Comments 39 Thanks! 40