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Food Safety Seguridad Alimentaria Know your Equipment Conozca su equipo TL008 Objectives - objetivo Explain how to use and care for major kitchen appliances. Use portable appliances in the foods lab. Identify various types of kitchen utensils and explain their uses. Explicar cómo usar y cuidar de las principales aplicaciones de la cocina. Utilizar aparatos portátiles en el laboratorio de alimentos. Identificar los distintos tipos de utensilios de cocina y explicar sus usos. Major Appliances Major appliances are the most costly kitchen tools They are used for storage, cooking, and cleanup Electrodomésticos son las herramientas de cocina más costosos Se utilizan para el almacenamiento, la cocina y la limpieza © Joellen L Armstrong/Shutterstock The Refrigerator - el Frigorífico Keeps food cold to retard food spoilage Temperature inside should be 35°F to 40°F Do not open door unnecessarily Try not to overcrowd Mantiene la comida fría para retardar la descomposición de los alimentos En el interior de la temperatura debe ser de 35 ° F a 40 ° F No abra la puerta innecesariamente Trate de no saturar © Filipe B. Varela/Shutterstock The Range - el Range Basic meal preparation appliance Most have four surface units, an oven, and a broiler Comida básica de preparación aparato La mayoría cuenta con cuatro unidades de superficie, un horno y una parrilla © Jami Garrison/Shutterstock © Feng Yu/Shutterstock The Microwave Oven - El horno de microondas Microwave ovens cook using microwaves, or highfrequency energy waves Hornos microondas cocinar con microondas y ondas de energía de alta frecuencia The Microwave Oven - El horno de microondas Microwaves create heat by causing food molecules to vibrate rapidly and creates friction – Microondas haciendo que las moléculas de alimentos a vibrar rápidamente para crear calor y fricciones Saves time & energy - Ahorra tiempo y energía Use and care Uso y cuidado Follow mfg.’s cooking guidelines -Siga MFG. De directrices de cocina Do not turn on an empty microwave oven - No encienda un horno microondas vacío Avoid metal utensils; use microwave-safe paper, glass, and plastic Evite utensilios de metal; utilizar para microondas de papel, vidrio y plástico Keep interior clean - Mantenga limpio el interior The Cleanup Appliances - Los aparatos de limpieza Aid in making cleanup quick and easy Ayuda en hacer una limpieza rápida y fácil Dishwashers - lavavajillas Food waste disposers - Los trituradores de desperdicios de comida © Artpose Adam Borkowski/Shutterstock Trash compactors - compactadores de basura Think Further - Piense más Ask your parents what factors they considered when buying appliances for your home. Pídeles a tus padres Qué factores consideran al comprar electrodomésticos para su hogar. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. © Photoroller/Shutterstock Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Kitchen Utensils - Utensilios de cocina A kitchen utensil is a handheld kitchen tool used for.. Un utensilio de cocina es un utensilio de cocina de mano utilizada para.. Measuring - medición Cutting - corte Mixing - mezclando Cooking - cocina Baking - cocción Read and follow instructions - Lea y siga las instrucciones Measuring Utensils - Utensilios de medición Measuring utensils help you correctly measure recipe ingredients Ayuda de utensilios de medición correctamente medir ingredientes de la receta Dry measuring cups measure dry ingredients, shortening, and chopped foods Tazas medidoras secos medir ingredientes secos, manteca y los alimentos picados Liquid measuring cups measure ingredients such as water, milk, oil, and syrup Tazas medidoras líquidos medir ingredientes tales como agua, leche, aceite y jarabe Measuring spoons measure small amounts of liquid, dry, and solid ingredients Cucharas de medir medir pequeñas cantidades de ingredientes líquidos, secos y sólidos Cutting Utensils - Utensilios de corte Cutting utensils are used to peel, pare, chop, slice, shred, carve, and debone foods Utensilios de corte se utilizan para pelar, pare, picar, rebanar, desmenuzar, tallar y deshuesar los alimentos © viviamo/Shutterstock Cutting Utensils Many types of knives - Muchos tipos de cuchillos French or chef’s knife - El francés o el cuchillo del cocinero Paring knife - cuchillo de cocina Utility knife - cuchillo de uso Carving knife - trinchante Serrated knife - cuchillo de sierra Other cutting utensils - Otros utensilios de corte Cutting boards - tablas de cortar Kitchen shears - tijeras de cocina Peeler - policía Shredder-grater - Shredder-rallador Mixing Utensils - Mezcla Utensilios Se utiliza para mezclar, combinar, revolviendo, batiendo, mezcla, y azotes Mixing bowls Mixing spoons Rubber scrapers Rotary beaters Whisks tazones Mezclar las cucharas rasquetas de caucho batidores de Rotary Batidores © Thomas M Perkins/Shutterstock Used for mixing, combining, stirring, beating, blending, and whipping Cookware and Bakeware – Batería de cocina Cookware is used to cook on top of the range Saucepans - cacerolas Double boiler - doble caldera Skillets - Sartenes Griddles - Planchas Kettles - Hervidores © Evgeny Litvinov/Shutterstock Utensilios de cocina se utiliza para cocinar en la parte superior de la gama Bake ware is used for baking foods in the oven Vajilla hornee se utiliza para la cocción de los alimentos en el horno Cookie sheets - bandejas para hornear Roasting pans - bandejas para asar Casseroles - Cacerolas Cooling racks - bastidores de refrigeración Safety and Sanitation Seguridad y Saneamiento Objectives - objetivo ◊ Follow safety practices in the kitchen when preparing foods. ◊ Siga las prácticas de seguridad en la cocina al preparar los alimentos. ◊ List specific guidelines that fall under the steps clean, separate, cook, and chill for keeping foods safe to eat. ◊ Directrices específicas de la lista que caen bajo los pasos limpiar, separan, cocinar y enfriar para mantener los alimentos seguros comer. Make It Safe - Que sea seguro Sanitation is the process of maintaining a clean and healthful environment El saneamiento es el proceso de mantener un ambiente limpio y saludable Following sanitary food preparation measures assures that food is safe to eat Siguiendo las medidas de preparación sanitaria alimentaria asegura que es seguro comer alimentos Following safety practices will help prevent accidents in the kitchen Siguiendo las prácticas de seguridad ayudará a evitar accidentes en la cocina Following sanitary food preparation measures assures that food is safe to eat Siguiendo las medidas de preparación sanitaria alimentaria asegura que es seguro comer alimentos Following safety practices will help prevent accidents in the kitchen Siguiendo las prácticas de seguridad ayudará a evitar accidentes en la cocina Using Appliances and Utensils Safely Usando aparatos y utensilios con seguridad Many accidents are caused by the misuse of equipment Muchos accidentes son causados por el mal uso? De equipo Follow all manufacturer’s use and care instructions carefully Siga uso y cuidado todas las instrucciones del fabricante cuidadosamente Know how to use utensils, cookware, and bakeware correctly Saber utilizar los utensilios, utensilios de cocina y los utensilios para hornear correctamente Practice safety procedures Procedimientos de seguridad Práctica Keep It Sanitary - Manténgalo Sanitaria Foodborne Illnesses are sicknesses caused by eating contaminated food Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos son enfermedades causadas por el consumo de alimentos contaminados Special precautions are needed for Es necesario tomar precauciones especiales para pregnant women - mujeres embarazadas young children - niños pequeños older adults - los adultos mayors people with weakened immune systems - las personas con sistemas inmunes debilitados If you suspect any food is spoiled, do not taste it and throw it away immediately Si sospecha de que cualquier alimento estropeado, no pruebo y tirarlo inmediatamente Food safety involves four basic steps Seguridad alimentaria implica cuatro pasos básicos Clean - limpio Separate - separado Cook - cocinero Chill - escalofrío Clean Hands, Utensils, and Surfaces Limpiar las manos, utensilios y las superficies Keep utensils and work area clean Guardar utensilios y área de trabajo limpia Wash hands before handling food and after handling raw meats, poultry, fish, or eggs Lávese las manos antes de manipular alimentos y después de manipular carne cruda, aves de corral, pescado o huevos © Matthew Benoit/Shutterstock Clean fingernails - uñas limpias Keep hair back and out of food - Mantenga el cabello hacia atrás y sin comida Wear a clean apron - Use un delantal limpio Wear plastic gloves if you have an open sore on your hand - Use guantes de plástico si tiene una herida abierta en la mano Clean Hands, Utensils, and Surfaces Limpiar las manos, utensilios y las superficies Don’t touch food with your hands if you can avoid it No tocar la comida con las manos si se puede evitar Do not lick fingers or cooking utensils No lamer los dedos o utensilios de cocina Wash dishes with hot soapy water Lave los platos con agua caliente y jabón Replace cutting boards when they become hard to clean; wash and sanitize after each use Reemplace las tablas de cortar cuando se vuelven difíciles de limpiar; lavar y desinfectar después de cada uso © Piotr Marcinski/Shutterstock Keep counters clean Mantenga limpios los mostradores Wash tops of cans before opening them Lávese las tapas de las latas antes de abrirlas Wash fruits and vegetables under running water Lave las frutas y verduras con agua corriente Do not use a used hand towel to dry dishes No use una toalla de mano para secar platos Separate Raw and Cooked Foods Separar los alimentos crudos y cocidos Keep raw foods separate from other foods because they may contain disease-causing bacteria Separar los alimentos crudos de otros alimentos porque pueden contener bacterias que causan enfermedades Cross-contamination is the spread of bacteria from a contaminated food to other food, equipment, or surfaces La contaminación cruzada es la diseminación de bacterias de un alimento contaminado a otros alimentos, equipos o superficies Separate Raw and Cooked Foods Handle perishable protein foods with care Place them in individual plastic bags at the grocery store Wash cutting boards and other equipment immediately after using Never serve food on the same plate that held it before cooking Cook Foods Thoroughly Cocine bien los alimentos Use a food thermometer to ensure foods are cooked to the recommended temperatures Use un termómetro para alimentos para asegurar que los alimentos son cocinados a las temperaturas recomendadas Do not partially cook meats, poultry, or fish No cocine parcialmente carnes, aves o pescado Stuff meats, poultry, and fish just before baking and remove stuffing promptly after baking Peces, aves y carnes cosas justo antes de hornear y quitar relleno con prontitud después de hornear Cook Foods Thoroughly Cocine bien los alimentos Never set the oven lower than 325°F when cooking meats Nunca programar el horno inferior a 325° F cuando cocine carnes Keep hot foods above 140°F Mantener los alimentos calientes por encima de 140° F Reheat leftovers to at least 165°F Recalentar sobras a por lo menos 165° F Chill Foods Promptly Chill alimentos rápidamente Refrigerator temperatures slow the growth of harmful bacteria Las temperaturas del refrigerador lento el crecimiento de bacterias dañinas Keep perishable foods chilled until you are ready to prepare or eat them Mantener los alimentos perecederos refrigerados hasta que estés listo para preparar o comer Chill leftover foods as soon as you are done eating Enfriar los alimentos sobrantes en cuanto termines comiendo Chill Foods Promptly Chill alimentos rápidamente Select frozen and refrigerated foods last Seleccione alimentos congelados y refrigerados últimos Get foods home as soon as possible Obtener alimentos a casa tan pronto como sea posible Promptly store foods needing refrigeration Almacenar rápidamente los alimentos que necesitan refrigeración Wrap foods properly for storage Envuelva los alimentos correctamente para el almacenamiento Use thermometers to monitor storage temperatures Use termómetros para controlar las temperaturas de almacenamiento Keep freezer at 0°F or lower Mantenga el congelador a 0 ° F o menos Keep refrigerator at 40°F or lower Mantenga el refrigerador a 40 ° F o menos Thaw perishable foods overnight in the refrigerator or in the microwave just before cooking Descongele los alimentos perecederos durante la noche en el refrigerador o en el microondas justo antes de cocinar Marinate meat, poultry, and fish in the refrigerator Marinar la carne, aves y pescado en el refrigerador Never leave perishable foods out over two hours Nunca deje los alimentos perecederos fuera más de dos horas Put leftovers in shallow containers and refrigerate or freeze promptly Guarde las sobras en recipientes poco profundos y refrigerar o congelar rápidamente Keep cold foods—below 40°F Mantenga los alimentos fríos por debajo de 40 ° F Using a Recipe Usando una Receta Objectives - objetivo Identify the information found in a recipe and follow it successfully. Demonstrate proper measuring techniques for different types of ingredients. Define cooking terms used in recipes. Describe two categories of cooking methods. Identificar la información encontrada en una receta y seguirlo con éxito. Demostrar técnicas de medición adecuadas para diferentes tipos de ingredientes. Defina los términos de cocción utilizados en las recetas. Se describen dos categorías de métodos de cocción. Recipe - receta A recipe is a list of ingredients with a complete set of instructions for preparing a food product Una receta es una lista de ingredientes con un conjunto completo de instrucciones para la preparación de un producto alimenticio Understanding How to Use Recipes Entender cómo utilizar recetas Ingredient list tells you what ingredients you need and the exact amounts of each Lista de ingredientes te dice qué ingredientes necesita y las cantidades exactas de cada uno Preparation directions tell you how to combine the ingredients sizes for cookware or bakeware oven temperatures and cooking times Yield tells how many servings it makes Measuring Techniques Measuring dry ingredients Use dry measuring cups or measuring spoons Overfill a cup or spoon and level it off with a straight-edged spatula or knife Measuring Techniques Measuring liquids Use glass or clear plastic measuring cups Measure on a flat surface Fill to the correct measurement line; check at eye level Use measuring spoons for small amounts © PeterG/Shutterstock Measuring Techniques Measuring shortenings and other solid foods Use dry measuring cups; use measuring spoons for small amounts Press ingredient into the cup or spoon so no air space remains Level it off with a straight-edged spatula or knife Understanding Recipe Terms baste beat blend brown chop cream cut in dice dredge fold knead marinate continued Understanding Recipe Terms mash sear mince mix reconstitute scald sift slice stir whip Changing the Yield Recipes can be adjusted to change yields Measurement equivalents are amounts that are equal to other amounts Example: 1/4 cup equals 4 tablespoons When changing recipe yield, write down ingredient amounts to avoid confusion Learning Cooking Methods Knowing various cooking methods will help you create tasty, nutritious meals © Kruchankova Maya/Shutterstock Basic Cooking Methods Moist heat cooking methods food is cooked in a humid environment © Danie Nel/Shutterstock Basic Cooking Methods Moist heat cooking methods b oil stew b raise simmer team s Basic microwave cooking uses moist heat Basic Cooking Methods Dry heat cooking methods food is cooked in hot air or on a hot surface without added moisture © ppart/Shutterstock Basic Cooking Methods Dry heat cooking methods bake/roast broil deep-fry grill panbroil panfry stir-fry General Cooking Guidelines Conserve nutrients Avoid overcooking food Use as little water as possible in simmering Use the liquid in which foods are boiled to make soups, sauces, and gravies Microwave Cooking © Paul Orr/Shutterstock Most foods cook much faster in a microwave oven than in a conventional oven continued Microwave Cooking Microwaves are used to defrost foods at the last minute Pierce skins or wrappers before microwaving to prevent exploding food items Cover foods in the microwave Use a microwavable dish with lid or microwave-safe plastic wraps continued Microwave Cooking When using microwave-safe plastic wraps leave about 1 inch of space between plastic and food leave a loose corner for venting Promote even cooking by stirring, rearranging, or rotating the food Many recipes recommend standing time to allow the food to finish cooking Cooking Smart Objectives Plan a meal management time plan at home. Demonstrate how to work as an effective team member in the foods lab. At Home Goal: Have all the food ready and at the right temperature at serving time The key lies in planning and scheduling Using a Time Plan Write a time plan to help coordinate your cooking schedule Establish the time you want the meal served Count back to decide when to start each part of the meal When serving many foods that are cooked in the oven, choose foods that have compatible oven temperatures Making Meal Preparations Some dishes can be prepared or assembled ahead of time soups salads casseroles Prepare several dishes at once, then freeze and reheat later Using Computer Technologies • Tiny computers called microprocessors are in appliances Microwave oven Range Coffeemaker Using Computer Technologies Personal computers and electronic devices Store recipes and menu plans Calculate amounts of ingredients Prepare shopping lists Access websites At School When you prepare food at school, you learn cooking teamwork Working with Others Limited class time must be scheduled carefully Plan ahead so teamwork goes more smoothly Know what tasks you are expected to complete and when Be cooperative and have a positive attitude Planning the Lab A work plan is a detailed list of all duties that need to be completed Identify who will perform each task List ingredients and utensils needed Making Out the Shopping List Determine what foods you will prepare (teacher) Locate recipes List all ingredients needed Making a Time Schedule Make a time schedule that includes all the tasks to be done Prioritize tasks in order of importance List tasks that require the most time first Decide who will perform each task Evaluating the Lab Experience Evaluate yourself Ask what you did well Identify areas in which you can improve Evaluate your group as a whole How can you improve on weak areas?