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“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
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República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Ministerio del Poder Popular para las telecomunicaciones
Universidad Nacional Experimental
Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
Núcleo Carabobo - Extensión Isabelica
FÍSICA I
“GUÍA DE PRÁCTICA
DE LABORATORIO"
Profesor Alejandro J. Contreras G.
Marzo - Julio 2009
Lic. Alejandro Contreras
“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
_______________________________________________________________
República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Ministerio del Poder Popular para las telecomunicaciones
Universidad Nacional Experimental
Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
Núcleo Carabobo - Extensión Isabelica
UNIDAD 0
“Repaso de la Matemática
elemental e Introducción a
la Física”
Marzo - Julio 2009
Lic. Alejandro Contreras
“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
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Los números nos sirven para contar seres, objetos..., cualquier cantidad de todo lo que nos
rodea. Para poder escribir cualquier número, hemos de usar caracteres o símbolos, que hemos de
combinar según unas reglas que forman lo que llamamos un sistema de numeración.
A lo largo de la historia ha habido distintos sistemas de numeración, como el maya, el
chino o el sistema romano, con símbolos y reglas diferentes a los nuestros. Nuestro sistema de
numeración decimal procede de la India, aunque fueron los árabes los que lo introdujeron en
Europa.
Es un sistema posicional porque el valor de una cifra depende de la posición que ocupe
dentro del número que estemos considerando. Por ejemplo, cuando escribimos el número
235.733:

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el primer 3 que escribimos pertenece a las decenas de millar (DM), y vale 30.000
unidades;
el segundo 3 pertenece a las decenas (D), y vale 30 unidades;
el tercer y último 3 pertenece a las unidades (U).
Así pues, podemos descomponer un número como suma de los valores de sus cifras. Por
ejemplo, el número 456.789 es la suma de:
456.789 = 4 centenas de millar + 5 decenas de millar + 6 unidades de millar + 7 centenas + 8
decenas + 9 unidades = 4 CM + 5 DM + 6 UM + 7 C + 8 D + 9 U
Para números más grandes, con más de seis cifras, hemos de usar órdenes de unidades
superiores a la centena de millar:
Por ejemplo, el número 42.345.678 es la suma de:
42.345.678 = 4 decenas de millón + 2 unidades de millón + 3 centenas de millar + 4 decenas de
millar + 5 unidades de millar + 6 centenas + 7 decenas + 8 unidades = 4 Dm + 2 Um + 3 CM + 4
DM + 5 UM + 6 C + 7 D + 8 U
¿CÓMO SE LEEN LOS NÚMEROS?
Lic. Alejandro Contreras
“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
_______________________________________________________________
Para leer cualquier número hemos de formar grupos de tres cifras, contándolas desde la derecha y
recorriendo el número hacia la izquierda. Después se lee cada uno de los grupos, empezando por
el primero de la izquierda y avanzando hacia la derecha.
Por ejemplo, para leer el número 215.367.498:
1. Formamos grupos de tres cifras:
2. Leemos los grupos empezando por el primero de la izquierda: “doscientos quince
millones trescientos sesenta y siete mil cuatrocientos noventa y ocho”.
Fíjate que entre el primer y el segundo grupo va la palabra “millones” y entre el segundo y
el tercer grupo la palabra “mil”.
Práctica:
1. Escriba los siguientes números:
25896325896696654,125897522114
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325,1258745699887755232566988888552585525669855
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Lic. Alejandro Contreras
“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
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0,255888777444
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22558889944778788555666996
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2. Transforma:
a.
b.
c.
d.
1250 ml a mg
12,255kg a g
12,4588hl a Dl
11,155hl a dl
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Lic. Alejandro Contreras
“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
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3. Sean las siguientes fórmulas:
a.
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b.
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Lic. Alejandro Contreras
“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
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Lic. Alejandro Contreras
“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
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Pre laboratorio
Investigar:
Física, Ciencia, Método científico, Observación, Descripción, Objeto Físico
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Lic. Alejandro Contreras
“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
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Laboratorio:
Experiencia:
a. En el salón de clases, encontrarás diferentes objetos, los cuales debes observar y
describir cada uno, de acuerdo a sus diversas características usando los sentidos,
como la apariencia de su forma(según la vista), tacto, olor, gusto, sonido.
Realiza el montaje
Descripción:
Lic. Alejandro Contreras
“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
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Objeto 1:
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objeto 2:
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objeto 3:
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Lic. Alejandro Contreras
“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
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Objeto 4:
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Objeto 5:
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Lic. Alejandro Contreras
“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
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Post laboratorio
1. Escribe una lista de 10 objetos que se puedan describir usando solo los sentidos, y
describe uno.
2. Describe usando la experiencia que tipo de ayuda utilizaste y ¿Por qué?
3. Da tus conclusiones y recomendaciones y relaciónalas a tu carrera
Respuestas del post laboratorio
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Lic. Alejandro Contreras
“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física”
Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada
(UNEFA)
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Lic. Alejandro Contreras