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“Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ República Bolivariana de Venezuela Ministerio del Poder Popular para las telecomunicaciones Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada Núcleo Carabobo - Extensión Isabelica FÍSICA I “GUÍA DE PRÁCTICA DE LABORATORIO" Profesor Alejandro J. Contreras G. Marzo - Julio 2009 Lic. Alejandro Contreras “Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ República Bolivariana de Venezuela Ministerio del Poder Popular para las telecomunicaciones Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada Núcleo Carabobo - Extensión Isabelica UNIDAD 0 “Repaso de la Matemática elemental e Introducción a la Física” Marzo - Julio 2009 Lic. Alejandro Contreras “Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ Los números nos sirven para contar seres, objetos..., cualquier cantidad de todo lo que nos rodea. Para poder escribir cualquier número, hemos de usar caracteres o símbolos, que hemos de combinar según unas reglas que forman lo que llamamos un sistema de numeración. A lo largo de la historia ha habido distintos sistemas de numeración, como el maya, el chino o el sistema romano, con símbolos y reglas diferentes a los nuestros. Nuestro sistema de numeración decimal procede de la India, aunque fueron los árabes los que lo introdujeron en Europa. Es un sistema posicional porque el valor de una cifra depende de la posición que ocupe dentro del número que estemos considerando. Por ejemplo, cuando escribimos el número 235.733: el primer 3 que escribimos pertenece a las decenas de millar (DM), y vale 30.000 unidades; el segundo 3 pertenece a las decenas (D), y vale 30 unidades; el tercer y último 3 pertenece a las unidades (U). Así pues, podemos descomponer un número como suma de los valores de sus cifras. Por ejemplo, el número 456.789 es la suma de: 456.789 = 4 centenas de millar + 5 decenas de millar + 6 unidades de millar + 7 centenas + 8 decenas + 9 unidades = 4 CM + 5 DM + 6 UM + 7 C + 8 D + 9 U Para números más grandes, con más de seis cifras, hemos de usar órdenes de unidades superiores a la centena de millar: Por ejemplo, el número 42.345.678 es la suma de: 42.345.678 = 4 decenas de millón + 2 unidades de millón + 3 centenas de millar + 4 decenas de millar + 5 unidades de millar + 6 centenas + 7 decenas + 8 unidades = 4 Dm + 2 Um + 3 CM + 4 DM + 5 UM + 6 C + 7 D + 8 U ¿CÓMO SE LEEN LOS NÚMEROS? Lic. Alejandro Contreras “Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ Para leer cualquier número hemos de formar grupos de tres cifras, contándolas desde la derecha y recorriendo el número hacia la izquierda. Después se lee cada uno de los grupos, empezando por el primero de la izquierda y avanzando hacia la derecha. Por ejemplo, para leer el número 215.367.498: 1. Formamos grupos de tres cifras: 2. Leemos los grupos empezando por el primero de la izquierda: “doscientos quince millones trescientos sesenta y siete mil cuatrocientos noventa y ocho”. Fíjate que entre el primer y el segundo grupo va la palabra “millones” y entre el segundo y el tercer grupo la palabra “mil”. Práctica: 1. Escriba los siguientes números: 25896325896696654,125897522114 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 325,1258745699887755232566988888552585525669855 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Lic. Alejandro Contreras “Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ 0,255888777444 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 22558889944778788555666996 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Transforma: a. b. c. d. 1250 ml a mg 12,255kg a g 12,4588hl a Dl 11,155hl a dl ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Lic. Alejandro Contreras “Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Sean las siguientes fórmulas: a. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Lic. Alejandro Contreras “Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Lic. Alejandro Contreras “Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ Pre laboratorio Investigar: Física, Ciencia, Método científico, Observación, Descripción, Objeto Físico ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Lic. Alejandro Contreras “Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Laboratorio: Experiencia: a. En el salón de clases, encontrarás diferentes objetos, los cuales debes observar y describir cada uno, de acuerdo a sus diversas características usando los sentidos, como la apariencia de su forma(según la vista), tacto, olor, gusto, sonido. Realiza el montaje Descripción: Lic. Alejandro Contreras “Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ Objeto 1: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ objeto 2: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ objeto 3: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Lic. Alejandro Contreras “Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Objeto 4: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Objeto 5: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Lic. Alejandro Contreras “Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Post laboratorio 1. Escribe una lista de 10 objetos que se puedan describir usando solo los sentidos, y describe uno. 2. Describe usando la experiencia que tipo de ayuda utilizaste y ¿Por qué? 3. Da tus conclusiones y recomendaciones y relaciónalas a tu carrera Respuestas del post laboratorio ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Lic. Alejandro Contreras “Guía de Práctica de laboratorio de Física” Para estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica de la Fuerza Armada (UNEFA) _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Lic. Alejandro Contreras