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UNIT ONE
Verb to Be
Usage of the Verb to Be
Este verbo tiene varios usos y variaciones en comparación con el uso que se le da en español, a
continuación se presentan sus usos y variaciones:
1. Para identificar una persona u objeto: En este uso se usa un sustantivo después del verbo to
be, house, teacher, engineer, desk, etc.
He is an engineer.
They are students.
I am a professional.
It is a car.
(El es un ingeniero)
(Ellos son estudiantes)
(Yo son un profesional)
(Es un carro)
2. Para describir una persona o cosa: En este uso, la oración tiene que tener un adjetivo que
describa la persona u objeto del que estamos hablando, tall, short, intelligent, poor, green.
Carlos is intelligent.
They are blue.
Carmen is blond.
It is cold
(Carlos es inteligente)
(Ellos son azules)
(Carmen es rubia)
(Es frio)
3. Para indicar ubicación u origen: En este caso, el verbo to be se traduce como estar y
después de él tenemos que usar una preposición, in, on, at para indicar el lugar donde la
persona o cosa se encuentra. En el caso de querer indicar origen tenemos que usa la
preposición from.
My friends are in the class.
Jorge is in Colombia.
It is in my desk.
She is from Peru.
(Mis amigos están en la clase)
(Jorge esta en Colombia)
(Esta en mi escritorio)
(Ella es de Peru)
DIFERENCIAS CON EL ESPAÑOL
4. Para expresar la edad. El verbo to be se usa en inglés para expresar la edad mientras que en
español se usa el verbo tener.
My brother is 28 years old.
My niece is 10 years old.
(Mi hermano tiene 28 años)
(Mi sobrina tiene 10 años)
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Affirmative Sentences
El verbo TO BE corresponde a los verbos ser y estar en español, dependiendo del contexto se
deducirá de cual se trata.
Primero nos dedicaremos al presente de este verbo que en ingles se conjuga:
PRONOMBRE
VERBO TO BE
COMPLEMENTO
TRADUCCIÓN
I
am
a student
(Yo soy un estudiante)
You
are
a teacher
(Tú eres un profesor)
She
is
tall
(Ella es alta)
He
is
rich
(El es rico)
It
is
a table
(Eso es una mesa)
We
are
friends
(Nosotros somos amigos)
You
are
from Cuenca
(Uds. son de Cuenca)
They
are
in a concert
(Ellos están en un concierto)
Como se podrá dar cuenta el verbo significa ser o estar, en las primeras 6 oraciones el verbo se
traduce como ser para identificar o describir una persona u objeto. En las dos últimas oraciones
el verbo se traduce como estar.
Es muy importante que memorice la conjugación de estos verbos y sus contracciones, estas son
simplemente una forma reducida del verbo to be:
FORMA LARGA
I
am
You
are
He
is
She
is
It
is
We
are
You
are
They are
CONTRACCIÓN
I’m
You’re
He’s
She’s
It’s
We’re
You’re
They’re
EJERCICIO 1
I. Use la conjugación del verbo TO BE en las siguientes oraciones. Tiene que haber memorizado
ya la conjugación correspondiente antes de hacer este ejercicio. Las respuestas se encuentran
al final de esta sección.
1.
I ________ a very intelligent person.
2.
My mother _______ in Loja.
3.
My English dictionary _______ in my desk.
4.
It _______ cold today.
5.
The children _______ my nephews.
6.
The president of Ecuador _______ Rafael Correa.
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7.
Guayaquil _______ the most crowded city in Ecuador.
8.
The most important thing _______ to study to learn.
II. Coloque las siguientes palabras en el orden correcto para formar oraciones. Recuerde que el
orden en inglés es Sujeto, Verbo y complemento. No se olvide del Sujeto.
1. Venezuela. / from / She / is _____________________________________________________
2. cold / today / is / It ____________________________________________________________
3. thirty years old / I / am _________________________________________________________
4. Jennifer / Her name / is ________________________________________________________
5. very difficult / My homework / is _________________________________________________
III. Exprese lo que indican las claves en paréntesis, el objetivo de este ejercicio es que Ud. se
sienta más cómodo y libre al usar el idioma para propósitos determinados. Recuerde que todas
las oraciones en Inglés tienen la estructura: Sujeto+ Verbo + Complemento, por ejemplo
SUJETO
VERBO
COMPLEMENTO
I
am
intelligent.
My mother
is
an architect.
The school
is
in Quito.
1. (edad) _______________________________________________________
2. (profesión u ocupación) _________________________________________
3. (descripción de su físico) ________________________________________
4. (ubicación en este momento) _____________________________________
5. (origen) ______________________________________________________
Negative Sentences
En oraciones negativas se use la palabra NOT a lado de la conjugación del verbo TO BE; es
decir:
PRONOMBRE
VERBO TO BE
COMPLEMENTO
TRADUCCIÓN
I
am not
a janitor.
Yo no soy un conserje
You
are not
in Guayaquil.
Tú no estás en Guayaquil
He
is not
my father.
Él no es mi padre
She
is not
a nurse.
Ella no es una enfermera
It
is not
Sunday.
No es Domingo
We
are not
cousins.
Nosotros no somos primos
You
are not
American.
Uds. no son Americanos
They
are not
twenty years old.
Ellos no tienen 20 años
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Generalmente no se pronuncia la palabra completa, I AM NOT, YOU ARE NOT , etc. sino que se
usan contracciones:
PRONOMBRE
VERBO TO BE
COMPLEMENTO
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
‘m not
aren't
isn't
isn't
isn't
aren't
aren't
aren't
a janitor
in Guayaquil
my father
a nurse
Sunday
cousins
American
twenty years old
EJERCICIO 2
I. Escriba los negativos de las siguientes oraciones, use contracciones:
1. The car is in the garage.
____________________________________________
2. I am an assistant.
____________________________________________
3. Karina is my friend.
____________________________________________
4. The teachers are late.
____________________________________________
5. It is my book.
____________________________________________
II. Exprese lo que indican las claves entre paréntesis, todas las oraciones son respecto a Ud. No
se olvide de la estructura: sujeto + verbo + complemento.
1. (not a doctor)
_________________________________________________
2. (not 40 years old)
_________________________________________________
3. (not lazy)
_________________________________________________
4. (not Colombian)
_________________________________________________
5. (not in a class)
_________________________________________________
Yes / No Questions
En español hacemos la pregunta tan sólo haciendo un cambio en el tono de voz, en inglés es
diferente, no sólo el tono de voz cambia sino que también la estructura, observe:
En una oración simple, la estructura de una oración es:
She is a lawyer. Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento
Imagínese que no quiere afirmar que ella es una abogada sino que le quiere preguntar a alguien
si ella es una abogada, entonces:
Is she a lawyer?
Verbo + Sujeto + Complemento
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Como se puede dar cuenta lo único que cambia es la posición del verbo en la oración, en
preguntas el verbo va antes del sujeto. Observe las oraciones afirmativas en el primer cuadro y
cómo cambian al ser transformadas en preguntas, en el segundo cuadro:
SUJETO
VERBO TO BE
COMPLEMENTO
VERBO TO BE
SUJETO
COMPLEMENTO
She
is
a lawyer.
Is
she
a lawyer?
You
are
Ecuadorian.
Are
you
Ecuadorian?
It
is
your car.
Is
it
your car?
They
are
classmates.
Are
they
classmates?
Para responder este tipo de preguntas hay dos maneras, una corta y una completa, y puede ser
afirmativa o negativa.
A: Are you a secretary?
B: Yes, I am.
Yes, I am a secretary.
o
A: Is she your sister?
B: No, she isn´t.
o
No, she isn´t my sister.
EJERCICIO 3
I. Transforme las siguientes oraciones a negativas y luego a preguntas de si y no y luego
responda la pregunta de forma corta.
1. Carmen is my mother.
Negativa: ____________________________________
Pregunta:_____________________________________
Respuesta: ____________________________________
2. His house is far away.
Negativa: _____________________________________
Pregunta: _____________________________________
Respuesta: ____________________________________
3. The flowers are beautiful.
Negativa: _____________________________________
Pregunta: _____________________________________
Respuesta: ____________________________________
4. I am a successful student.
Negativa: _____________________________________
Pregunta: _____________________________________
Respuesta: ____________________________________
II. Pregunte lo que indican las claves entre paréntesis
Por ejemplo:
( you/ an employee / here)
Are you an employee here?
1. (you / Peruvian)
____________________________________________
2. (you / a student)
____________________________________________
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3. (you / thirty years old)
____________________________________________
4. (your mother / Ecuadorian) ____________________________________________
5. (your university/ good)
____________________________________________
III. Responda las siguientes preguntas, en forma corta. Recuerde solo necesita usar el verbo
tobe.
1. Are you an engineer?
_______________________
2. Are you a good student?
_______________________
3. Are you Ecuadorian?
_______________________
4. Is your father in Ecuador?
_______________________
Definite and Indefinite Articles
Indefinite Article
Las partículas a - an en español significan un o una y sirve para hablar de un solo objeto.
Ejemplo:
I have a pencil.
Yo tengo un lápiz.
A: Se utiliza la partícula a antes de un sustantivo que empiece con una consonante.
Ejemplos:
a book -> un lápiz
a table -> una mesa
AN: La partícula an se utiliza delante de sustantivos que empiecen con vocales (sonidos
vocálicos), o de una h que no se pronuncie.
Ejemplos:
an apple -> una manzana
an hour -> una hora (en este caso la h no tiene sonido)
a hat -> un sombrero (en este caso la h tiene sonido)
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Definite article
THE: Este artículo se utiliza para hablar de una persona, animal o cosa específico, que se lo
haya mencionado con anterioridad o que sea.
Ejemplo:
I saw a dog outside. The dog was very big -> Yo ví un perro afuera. El perro era muy grande
Se utiliza el artículo para hablar de cosas que son únicas.
Ejemplo: The moon is bright. -> La luna es brillante. (sólo hay una luna)
El artículo definido también se emplea cuando nos referimos a ríos (the Nile), mares,
montañas; y en definitiva con los demás accidentes geográficos.
También lo utilizamos a la hora de nombrar un determinada instrumento musical por
ejemplo: the piano, the guitar o the flute.
EJERCICIO 4
I. Coloque las siguientes palabras dentro del casillero correcto. ¿que palabras van precedidas
con a o an?
elephant
example
job
orange
horse aunt pencil
umbrella
accountant
house
wife
eraser
architect
computer
pen idea
A
dictionary
teacher
rose
apple
AN
II. Lea el siguiente párrafo e incluya los artículos: A / AN / THE
I am from London. London is 1. _____ big city in England. It has a lot of museums. 2. ___
museums are very interesting because you can see a lot of antiques. There are also many parks
which are nice, but there is 3. ____special park called Hyde Park. 4._____ park is 5.____
amazing place because you can go with your family and see ducks, geese and birds. Be careful if
you feed 6. ____ birds because they can be dangerous.
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III. Complete the sentences using A – AN- THE
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Andres is ____ engineer.
I have _____ interesting book.
Luis has ____ car, but _____ car is old.
Martin works in ____ hospital.
Sophia wants ___ apple.
I don’t want ____ orange.
She is ____ hardworking secretary.
Leslie needs ____ hour to read the article.
It is ___ expensive restaurant, but ____ restaurant has good food.
j. That is ___ old comedy, but _____ comedy is fun.
Singular and Plural Nouns
Existen dos clases de sustantivos: contables y no contables. Los sustantivos contables son
aquellos de los que se puede hablar en singular y plural mientras que los no contables tienen
únicamente su forma singular.
Contable:
table
tables
dictionary
dictionaries
Como en español los sustantivos son singulares y plurales. Los singulares son los que significan
1 y los plurales dos o más.
Ejemplo:
A cup
(una taza)
Two cups
(dos tazas)
Plural Noun Rules
1. Se añade –S a la mayoría de los sustantivos singulares para hacerlos plurales.
Ejemplo:
cup
book
ruler
computer
cups
books
rulers
computers
2. Los sustantivos que terminan en s, z, x, sh, o y ch forman su plural añadiendo - es.
Ejemplo:
class
dish
church
box
potato
classes
dishes
churches
boxes
potatoes
3. Para los sustantivos que terminan en –y y están precedidos por una consonante, se
reemplaza la y por la i y se aumenta es.
Ejemplo:
dictionary
lady
city
dictionaries
ladies
cities
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4. Para los sustantivos que terminan en –y pero que están precedidos por una vocal, solamente
se añade la s.
Ejemplos:
toy
day
turkey
toys
days
turkeys
5. Algunos sustantivos que terminan en -f o -fe forman su plural añadiendo –ves.
Ejemplos:
loaf
half
knife
loaves
halves
knives
6. Algunos sustantivos son completamente
sustantivos estos cambian totalmente
Ejemplos:
man
child
tooth
irregulares, es decir al realizar el plural de ciertos
men
children
teeth
EJERCICIO 5
I. Consulte en el diccionario los plurales de los siguientes: SUSTANTIVOS IRREGULARES
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
mouse
person
goose
foot
ox
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
II. Forme el plural de los siguientes sustantivos:
1. flower
2. dish
3. door
4. bush
5. tomato
6. wife
7. dog
8. chair
9. baby
10. folder
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
III. Escoja y encierre en un círculo el sustantivo singular o plural correcto.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Those childs – children are intelligent.
Tony has a box – boxes in his bag.
Sophia and Jeremy take a bus – buses to go to school.
Aaron and Peter are kind person- people.
There are three mouses- mice at home.
Portugal and France are beautiful country- countries.
My tomatos – tomatoes are fresh.
I need a watch – watches to know what time it is.
There are seven glass- glasses on the table.
There is a church – churches in town.
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UNIT TWO
Verb to Be
Wh Questions
Preguntas de información quieren decir el tipo de preguntas que se hacen para obtener algún
tipo de información específica, no solamente si o no como las preguntas estudiadas
anteriormente. Para realizar este tipo de pregunta es necesario saber el significado de las
palabras que nos permiten realizarlas:
WHAT
WHERE
WHERE … FROM
WHEN
WHICH
WHY
HOW
HOW OLD
HOW OFTEN
WHAT TIME
qué
dónde
de dónde
cuándo
cuál/ cuáles
por qué
cómo
cuántos años
con qué frecuencia
qué hora/ a qué hora
Ejemplo:
Partamos de una oración afirmativa:
They are in the park
(Ellos están en el parque)
Para hacer la pregunta de si y no solamente se cambia la posición del verbo:
Are they in the park?
(¿Están ellos en el parque?)
Ahora, no queremos preguntar si ellos están en el parque pero queremos preguntar DÓNDE
están,
Observe:
Where are they?
Para formar esta pregunta se necesitó de una de las palabras arriba enlistadas, WHERE y la
misma estructura de preguntas: VERBO + SUJETO + COMPLEMENTO. En este caso la
pregunta no tiene complemento porque eso es lo que precisamente estamos preguntando.
Where are they?
They are in the park.
Observe la siguiente oración:
Carmen is 32 years old.
Ahora quiere preguntar cuántos años tiene Carmen, Inténtelo!
____________________________________________________?
Si, la pregunta es How old is Carmen?
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Otra vez, la oración es:
The school is in the north.
Haga la pregunta para que in the north sea la respuesta:
_____________________________________________________?
In the north.
Sí, la pregunta es: Where is the school?
EJERCICIO 6
I. Escoja la palabra correcta para formular preguntas a las respuestas que se encuentran
subrayadas al lado derecho.
1. ‘______ is he from?’
‘He is from Portugal’
a. Who
b. Why
c. Where
2. ‘______ is your last name?’ ‘My last name is Suarez’
a. What
b. Where
c. Who
nd
3. ‘______ is your birthday?’ ‘It’s on March 2 ’
a. What time
b. When
4. ‘______ is she?’
‘She is my sister’
a. Who
b. Why
5. ‘______ are you tired?’
b. Who
b. What
c. How much
‘I’m fine, thank you.’
a. Where
8. ‘_________ is it?’
c. Why
‘It’s USD. 10’
a. How old
7. ‘_____ are you today?’
c. When
‘Because I have a lot of work’
a. When
6. ‘______ is it?’
c. How old
b. How
c. How old
‘It’s five o’ clock.’
a. What
b. How much
c. What time
9. ‘_________ is your brother?’ ‘He is twenty five years old’
a. Who
10.’_________ is your bag?’
a. What
b. How old
c. How
‘It’s on my desk’
b. When
c. Where
II. Primero transforme las oraciones afirmativas en preguntas de si y no y luego escriba la
pregunta informativa para que las palabras subrayadas sean la respuesta.
Ejemplo:
The children are in first grade.
Are the children in first grade?
What grade are the children?
Es la pregunta de si y no
Es la pregunta para que in the first grade sea la
respuesta.
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1. The answer is in the book.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
2. Your friends are good professionals. ______________________________________
________________________________________
3. The secretary is efficient.
________________________________________
________________________________________
4. It is 9:30 a.m.
________________________________________
________________________________________
5. Sophia is in Argentina.
________________________________________
________________________________________
6. That man is my brother.
________________________________________
________________________________________
th
7. Valentine’s day is on February 14 ’
________________________________________
________________________________________
8. Samantha is from Brazil.
________________________________________
________________________________________
9. Christian is eighteen years old.
________________________________________
________________________________________
10. I’m happy because my dog is better. ________________________________________
________________________________________
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Possessive Adjectives
Estos adjetivos indican la posesión de objetos por parte de personas, animales o cosas.
Ejemplo: Susan has a car. Her car is blue.
objeto
El adjetivo posesivo siempre va antes de un objeto
POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVES
ADJETIVOS
POSESIVOS
my
mi (s)
your
tu(s), su(s)
his
su, (de él)
her
su, (de ella)
its
su(s) (de una cosa)
our
their
nuestro
su(s) de ellos
EJERCICIO 7
I. Escoja el adjetivo posesivo correcto del cuadro para completar el párrafo.
My
his
her
their
our
Look at this picture! I am the boy on the left. The little
girl who is on the right is 1. my sister. She loves 2.
_____ doll. The old people in the middle are my
grandparents. They live in the countryside and 3.
_____house is really big. My sister and I love 4.______
grandparents because they always have candies for us.
The man on the back is my father, 5. _______ name is
Tom and the woman next to him is my mother,
Katherine.
II. Complete los espacios con un adjetivo posesivo.
1. Julia visits ______ mother once a month.
2. Peter and I like ______ new house.
3. Joseph loves ________ daughter.
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4. My children always play with _______ cousins.
5. My dog eats ______ food quickly.
6. Anthony lives with______ wife far away.
7. Katherine calls _____ boyfriend every day.
8. Do you like _______ job?
9. Colombia is a nice country and _______ people are kind and polite.
10. I don’t live with _______ parents.
III. Complete las oraciones usando un adjetivo posesivo + una de las palabras que se
encuentran en el cuadro
wife
name
job
keys
phone number
1. Peter likes ________________ because he works there just a few hours.
2. Andrew is married and he loves ________________.
3. I want to call David and Thomas. Do you know _______________________?
4. I don’t know that woman over there. Do you know _____________________?
5. Where are the keys? I can’t find _______________.
Possessive Case’s
Se utiliza ‘s (el apóstrofe + s) para indicar posesión para una persona o un animal.
Ejemplo:
Richard’s car is blue.
El carro de Richard es azul.
My brother’s book is interesting.
El libro de mi hermano es interesante.
My dog’s nose is dry.
La nariz de mi perro está seca.
Observe que en inglés primero se coloca la persona o el animal seguido por la apóstrofe + s
OTROS CASOS

En el caso de tener un sustantivo plural que termine en –s se agrega únicamente
apóstrofe.
Ejemplos:

My sisters’ dolls.
Las muñecas de mis hermanas
The students’ books.
Los libros de los estudiantes.
Si deseamos indicar posesión para un objeto se utiliza la estructura "of" (del, de la).
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Ejemplos:
The door of the house is brown.
La puerta de la casa es café.
The title of the book is interesting.
El título del libro es interesante.
 En caso de referirnos a dos personas el apóstrofe va únicamente después de la
segunda persona.
Ejemplo:
John and Carol’s shoes are new
Los zapatos de John y Carol son
nuevos.
EJERCICIO 8
I. Encierre el caso posesivo correcto
1. _____________ is intelligent.
a.
Brian’s daughter
b. The daughter of Brian
c. Brians’ daughter
2. What’s _______________?
a. the city’s name
b. the name of the city
c. the name’s city
b. My parents’ house
c. My house’s parents
b. the toys of your children
c. your childrens’ toys
3. ____________ is very small.
a. The house of my parents
4. Are these _____________?
a. your children’s toys
5. London is ________________.
a. England’s capital
b. capital’s England
c. the capital of England
II. Ordene las siguientes palabras para formar frases:
1. car / Mr. Brown/ ‘s
______________________________ is old.
2. My / house/ ‘s / cousin
________________________________ is very big.
3. My/ business/ parents’
________________________________ is successful.
4. The / of / the / door/ car
________________________________ is small.
5. ‘s/ Tina / children
________________________________ are smart.
III. Escriba el caso posesivo ‘s con los siguientes sustantivos:
1. suit / Ken
_____________________________________________
2. the window / the classroom
_____________________________________________
3. son / Mrs. Clark
_____________________________________________
4. birthday / my brother
_____________________________________________
5. books/ the students
_____________________________________________
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Possessive Pronouns
Los pronombres posesivos se utilizan para indicar a quién pertenece algo. El pronombre
posesivo sustituye al sustantivo.
EJEMPLO:
1. It’s my dictionary. It’s mine.
(Este es mi diccionario. Este es mío)
2. Andrew has a new computer. The computer is his. (Andrew tiene una nueva
computadora. La computadora es de él)
A continuación el cuadro explicativo con todos los pronombres posesivos.
Possessive Pronouns
mine
mío/a/os/as
yours
tuyo/a/os/as
his
suyo/a/os/as
hers
suyo/a/os/as
its
suyo/a/os/as
ours
nuestro/a/os/as
yours
vuestro/a/os/as
theirs
suyo/a/os/as
Ejemplos
1. It is my car. ( My siempre va antes de un objeto)
2. This car is mine. ( mine va después de un verbo)
EJERCICIO 9
I. Complete las oraciones usando un pronombre posesivo.
1. It is your money. It’s__________
2. It is Susan’s book. It’s ________
3. That is Katherine and Richard’s computer. That’s _________.
4. It’s my suitcase. It’s _______
5. They are Marco’s shoes. They are _________
6. It’s your coat. It’s _________
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7. It is our classroom. It’s ___________
8. They are Ann’s pens. They are_________.
9. The cats belong to Lisa and Sheila. The cats are _____________ .
10. It is our dictionary. It’s _____________.
II. Revise todos los casos de los adjetivos posesivos (unidad uno) y pronombres posesivos y
complete el siguiente cuadro
POSSESSIVE
POSSESSIVE
POSSESSIVE
CASE’S
ADJECTIVES
PRONOUNS
It’s Susan’s cat.
It is her cat.
It is hers.
It’s Kevin’s computer.
Those are John and Carla’s books.
These are Tina’s dresses.
That’s the dog’s food.
Those are Sofia’s brothers.
III. Complete las siguientes oraciones con un adjetivo posesivo (my - your - his - our - your –
their) o con un pronombre posesivo (mine - yours - his - hers - its - ours - yours – theirs)
1. Thomas and Ann visit __________friends every weekend.
2. Liz sometimes goes to Canada for ________ holidays.
3. This is Tony and Katy’s car. It's __________ .
4. This is Sonia’s computer. It's__________ .
5. The cat has ______ own place here.
6. Maggie and _____ brother work downtown.
7. Louis loves ______ daughter.
8. I have a new laptop. That laptop is ________
9. Those are the children’s toys. They are ___________.
10. Joseph and ______ wife are kind people.
Whose?
Se utiliza whose para preguntar de quién o a quienes pertenece o pertenecen tal o cual
objeto.
Ejemplos:
Whose book is it?
Whose pens are they?
¿De quién es este libro?
¿De quiénes son estos esferos?
En inglés siempre se coloca el objeto después de la palabra whose y luego el verbo con
relación al objeto ya sea en plural o singular.
17
Tenga cuidado cuando utilice la pregunta who is: who’s? porque en este caso la pregunta es
¿Quién es?
A continuación veamos las diferencias entre whose y who’s.
Ejemplos:
Whose keys are they? (Whose + sustantivo): La pregunta se refiere a posesión.
Who is he?
(Who + verbo + sujeto): La pregunta se refiere a quién.
EJERCICIO 10
I. Encierre en un circulo who or whose
a. Who/ Whose toys are these?
b. Who / Whose is that man over there?
c. Whose / Who umbrella is this?
d. Whose / Who are they?
e. Who /Whose keys are those?
II. Realice preguntas usando whose.
a. Those are my brother’s pens.
________________________________
b. That is my niece’s dress.
_________________________________
c. They are Alan’s shoes.
_________________________________
d. They are my books.
_________________________________
e. It is his suit.
_________________________________
III. Antes de realizar este ejercicio revise el caso posesivo’s y luego escriba una oracion
utilizando el nombre que se encuentra en paréntesis + el caso posesivo’s
Ejemplo:
0. Whose toy is it? (George)
It’s George’s car.
1. Whose car is it? (Rose)
___________________________ .
2. Whose radio is it? (Richard)
___________________________ .
3. Whose computer is it? (Susan)
____________________________ .
4. Whose pen is it? (Steven)
____________________________ .
5. Whose crayons are they? (the children)
_____________________________ .
6. Whose erasers are they? (these students)
__________________________ .
7. Whose gloves are they? (Peter)
____________________________ .
8. Whose bags are they? (Roy and Sue)
________________________ .
9. Whose rings are they? (the girls)
_________________________.
10. Whose watch is it? (my grandfather)
___________________________
18
Demonstrative Pronouns
Los pronombres demostrativos identifican una cosa o cosas que se encuentran cerca o lejos
en espacio y tiempo. Observe el siguiente cuadro:
cerca
(traducción)
lejos
(traducción)
this
Esto
that
esos
these
Estos
those
esos
singular
plural
Ejemplos:
This ruler belongs to Daniel.
(Esta regla pertenece a Daniel)
These rulers belong to Daniel.
(Estas reglas pertenecen a Daniel)
That man answered the question.
(Ese hombre respondió la pregunta)
Those men answered the question.
(Esos hombres respondieron la pregunta)
Tome en cuenta que no solamente el pronombre demostrativo es el que cambia en la oración
al convertir a la oración en plural sino que ocurren otros cambios como la pluralización del
sustantivo y la conjugación del verbo.
Ejemplo:
That car is old.
Those cars are old.
Es importante mencionar que cuando la oración poseen las palabras:
here, significa que el objeto en cuestión se encuentra cerca.
There: significa que el objeto se encuentra lejos
EJERCICIO 11
I. Encierre en un circulo el pronombre demostrativo correcto
a. That / Those / This laptops are expensive.
b. That / These/ Those spoon is dirty.
c. This / Those/ These night table is old.
d. These / This/ That pots are big.
e. That / These/ Those is the answer.
f. This / These/ Those is my bedroom.
g. Those/ That / This are important notebooks.
h. That/ These/This are my pens.
i. Is these / those / that bedroom for me?
19
j. Are that / those / this forks new?
k. How much are this/ that/ these books?
l. Are this / those/ that pillows over there yours?
II. Cambie las siguientes oraciones de singular a plural
a. This book is good.
These books are good.
b. That computer is old.
___________________________________
c. This dictionary is big.
___________________________________
d. That car is new.
___________________________________
e. This child is intelligent.
___________________________________
f. That country is interesting.
___________________________________
III. Cambie las siguientes oraciones de plural a singular
a. These candies are very sweet.
___________________________________
b. Those pictures are small.
___________________________________
c. These people are kind.
___________________________________
d. Those desks are dirty.
___________________________________
e. These knives are sharp.
___________________________________
IV. Complete el siguiente dialogo usando: this/that/ these / those
Salesperson: Good morning! Can I help you?
Customer: Good morning. Are a. _______ towels over there on sale?
Salesperson: Do you mean b. _________ towels here?
Customer: Yes, c.________ blue towels.
Salesperson: I’m afraid they aren’t, but I have d._______ yellow towel here which is on sale.
Customer: Thank you, but I don’t like e. ______ color.
20
UNIT THREE
There Is/ There Are
Estas dos estructuras significan HAY, y la diferencia radica en que There is se utiliza en el
singular y There are en el plural.
Ejemplo:
There is a teacher in the class. (Hay un profesor en la clase)
There are students in the class. (Hay estudiantes en la clase)
Siendo THERE IS una estructura que se usa para el singular normalmente va seguido de
a/an indicando una cosa u objeto cuando el sustantivo que le sigue es contable:
There is a book in the shelf.
(Hay un libro en el estante)
Book es un sustantivo contable por lo que es necesario el uso del artículo indefinido a/an.
There is water in the vase.
(Hay agua en el florero)
Water es un sustantivo no contable por lo que no es posible usar el artículo indefinido que
significa un o uno/una.
La expresión ANY se utiliza para únicamente al realizar oraciones negativas y preguntas y
por lo general con there are o con un sustantivo no contable.
Ejemplo:
There aren’t any desks in class. (No hay ningún escritorio en clase) Oración Negativa
Are there any desks in class? (¿Hay algún escritorio en clase?)
Pregunta
-
A continuación observemos como se forman las oraciones afirmativas, negativas y
preguntas:
PL
UR
AL
SI
N
GU
LA
R
AFIRMATIVAS
NEGATIVAS
There is a radio. There is not a radio.
There isn't a car.
There's a car
There are erasers. There are not erasers.
There are books.
PREGUNTAS
SHORT ANSWERS
Is there a radio?
Yes, there is.
Is there a car?
No, there isn't
Are there erasers?
Yes, there are.
There aren't any books. Are there any books? No, there aren't
21
EJERCICIO 12
I. Escoja la opción correcta para completar las siguientes oraciones o preguntas.
1. __________ any glasses on the table?
a. there is
b. are there
c. there aren’t
d. is there
2. ________ a Chinese restaurant near here?
a. are there
b. is there
c. there isn’t
d. there aren’t
3.
_________ any churches in town.
a. there isn’t
b. is there
c there aren’t
d. there are
4. ________ a sandwich on the table.
a. are there
b. there are
c. there aren’t
d. there is
5. ________ five people outside.
a. there are
b. there isn’t
c. is there
d. there is
II. Complete las siguientes oraciones con THERE IS ó THERE ARE.
1. __________ a meeting in his office.
2. __________ a lot of people in the supermarket right now.
3. __________ a mistake in this page.
4. __________ two friends waiting for you.
5. In the morning ________ more employees.
6. I think ________ more people interested in changing their vote now.
III. Observe el cuadro y conteste las siguientes preguntas:
1. Is there a dog? ______________________________
2. Are there any flowers? ________________________
3. Is there a pencil on the table? ___________________
4. Is there a cat on the floor? _____________________
5. Are there any apples on the table? _______________
www.offthemarkcartoons.com
22
Prepositions of Place and Movement
Las preposiciones de lugar son palabras que indican la ubicación de un objeto.
http://england.caduff.org
on:
sobre
under / below:
debajo
over/above:
por encima
in:
dentro
behind:
detrás de
in front of:
al frente de
between:
entre
into:
hacia el interior de
out of:
fuera de
up:
arriba
through:
a través de
across:
transversalmente
beside /next to:
al lado de
around:
alrededor de
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EJERCICIO 13
I. Observe los siguientes cuadros y conteste las preguntas usando una preposición de lugar.
A veces más de una respuesta es posible.
1. Where is the cat?
The cat is ________________ the table
2. Where is the tree?
_____________________________ the house
3. Where is airplane?
_____________________________ the air
4. Where is the old woman?
______________________________ the piano
5. Where are the cars?
_____________________________ the parking lot
6. Where is the phone?
______________________________ the table
7. Where is the clock?
______________________________ the wall
8. Where is the sink?
_____________________________ the bathroom
9. Where is the lamp?
______________________________ night table
10. Where is the plant?
_______________________________ the piano
11. Where is Paul?
_______________________________ Anna.
12. Where are the cars?
_______________________________ the road.
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II. Observe los siguientes cuadros y coloque un (√ ) si la oración esta correcta, caso contrario
escriba la preposición correcta
1. The cat is under the table. _____________________________
2. The apple is on the books. ________________________
3. The woman is behind the computer. __________________________________
4. The ball is under the dog. ____________________________
5. The pictures are in the wall. _______________________________________
III. Complete las siguientes oraciones usando IN / ON
a. There is a wonderful picture ________ the wall.
b. My brother lives _______ Australia.
c. Is there a pen _____ your bag?
d. Don’t sit _______ that chair. It is old.
e. Look! There is a dictionary ______ the table.
25
UNIT FOUR
Simple Present Tense
Se utiliza para expresar hábitos o costumbres, es decir acciones que se realizan a diario,
rutinas de la vida cotidiana.
Ejemplo:
I take a shower every day. (Yo tomo una ducha todos los días.)
Además este tiempo se utiliza para expresar hechos o verdades generales.
Ejemplo:
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (El agua hierve a 100 grados centígrados)
El presente simple se forma de la siguiente manera:
SIMPLE PRESENT
PRESENTE SIMPLE
I sleep
Yo duermo
You sleep
Tu duermes
He sleeps
El duerme
She sleeps
Ella duerme
It sleeps
(para referirnos a objetos)
We sleep
Nosotros dormimos
You sleep
Ustedes duermen
They sleep
Ellos duermen
NOTA: El único cambio que se realiza al realizar oraciones positivas es cuando hablamos de
las terceras personas, es decir: he, she o it, porque en este caso tenemos que añadir –s a
los verbos.
SPELLING RULES FOR ADDING –S IN THIRD PERSON SINGULAR
La regla general para formar una oración en el presente simple con las terceras personas, es
añadir la –s a los verbos:
Ejemplo:
I work -> she works
I dance -> he dances
Sin embargo existen algunas reglas para ciertos verbos:
1.- Si un verbo termina en o, sh, ch, x se añade –es
Ejemplo:
I watch -> she watches (mirar)
I wash - she washes (lavar)
I go -> she goes (ir)
I fix – she fixes (reparar)
26
2.- Si un verbo termina en y precedido por una consonante, cambiamos la y por i y a
continuación añadimos –es.
Ejemplo:
I study -> she studies (estudiar)
I cry -> she cries (llorar)
Observe que estas reglas ortográficas son las mismas que se aplican para formar los
sustantivos en plural.
EJERCICIO 14
I. Coloque los siguientes verbos con los cambios ortográficos para las terceras personas
sing
pass
mix
fly
do
read
play
cry
have
relax
carry
understand
study
swim
go
II. Observe los cuadros y escriba oraciones completas (sujeto + verbo + complemento) en el
presente simple. Las respuestas pueden variar porque estas dependen de su creatividad.
Ejemplo:
a. They cook a delicious soup.
b. He_________________
c. Sofia_______________
27
d. They_________________
e. She _________________
g. The boy_______________
h. The girl_____________
f. She________________
I. The man__________
III. Una las siguientes expresiones de tal manera que la oración tenga sentido
a. She watches
______ 1. a car every day.
b. I brush
______ 2. in a bank.
c. They read
______ 3. tight clothes.
d. We listen to
______ 4. computers on the weekends.
e. He drives
______ 5. the radio in the morning.
f. I wear
______ 6. soccer in a national team.
g. He plays
______ 7. the newspaper.
h. Sue works
______ 8. my teeth three times a day.
i. Sam fixes
______ 9. milk for breakfast.
j. They drink
______ 10. T.V. once a while.
IV. Forme oraciones afirmativas usando las palabras en paréntesis. No olvide usar -s ó –es si
es necesario.
a. ( two children/ Robert/ have)
___________________________________________________________________
b. (play / with a ball/ my dog)
____________________________________________________________________
c. (Katy’s parents / vegetables / sell)
____________________________________________________________________
d. (read/ science fiction books/ my daughter)
____________________________________________________________________
e. ( go / to the park / Adele/ on the weekends)
28
___________________________________________________________________
f. ( Alexandra and Tom/ on Saturdays/ buy / organic food)
____________________________________________________________________
g. ( love / Brian’s / carrots and apples/ horse)
___________________________________________________________________
h. ( take / I / a shower / every day)
____________________________________________________________________
i. ( friends / Brenda’s/ near/ live)
____________________________________________________________________
j. ( interesting / write/ Isabel/ novels)
____________________________________________________________________
V. Complete las siguientes oraciones usando los verbos del recuadro. Recuerde añadir la –s
ó –es si se trata de una tercera persona.
like
start
hate
sleep
eat
do
swim
wash
speak
rain
a. Rachel ___________ the dishes once a week.
b. It ________ a lot this time of the year.
c. I never _________ fast food.
d. Lucy works at a hotel. She _________ work at 5:00 a.m.
e. They _______ French very well because they lived in France for a long time.
f. Arthur ________ his homework at night because he has a part-time job.
g. I _________ rats because they are dirty.
h. My son usually goes to bed early. He ________ at 7:00 p.m.
i. We_________ horror films. In fact, we love them.
j. She _________ in the pool twice a week.
VI. Subraye la respuesta correcta.
1. a. Andrea come from Mexico.
b. Andrea comes from Mexico.
2. a. She is married.
b. She does married.
3. a. They live in Canada.
b. They lives in Canada.
4. a. Joe haves a daughter.
b. Joe has a daughter.
5. a. My children study hard.
b. My children studies hard.
6. a. Roy plaies with his toys.
b. Roy plays with his toys.
7. a. They study hard for their exams.
b. They studies hard for their exams.
8. a. My dogs like their food.
b. My dogs likes their food.
9. a. They wash their car on the weekends.
b. They washes their car on the weekends.
10. a. Christian’s best friend love dogs.
b. Christian’s best friend loves dogs.
29
VII. Escriba oraciones sobre usted con los siguientes verbos, si usted no conoce el
significado de dichos verbos, consúltelos en el diccionario.
a.
I like______________________________________________
b.
I dislike ___________________________________________
c.
I love _____________________________________________
d.
I hate _____________________________________________
e.
I prefer ___________________________________________
Adverbs of Frequency
Estos adverbios generalmente se utilizan con oraciones en el presente simple y sirven para
indicar la frecuencia de una acción.
A continuación la lista de adverbios de frecuencia más comunes:
always:
seldom:
usually:
never:
often:
sometimes:
siempre
rara vez
usualmente
nunca
a menudo
a veces
Ejemplo:
always
usually
They
often
take
a bus to go to school.
sometimes
seldom
never
Dichos adverbios siempre van antes de un verbo excepto del verbo to be.
Ejemplos:
- She never cooks on the weekends. (Ella nunca cocina los fines de semana.)
- They usually play soccer with their friends. (Ellos usualmente juegan fútbol con sus amigos.)
Excepción:
- They are always on time. (Ellos siempre están a tiempo)
30
Importante: Al usar never no se puede incluir el auxiliar don’t o doesn’t
Ejemplo:
Liz doesn’t never go to the disco. (incorrecto)
Liz never goes to the disco. (correcto)
Adverbs of Time
Los adverbios de tiempo también indican la frecuencia de una acción; sin embargo, estos
siempre van al final de una oración.
Ejemplos:
-
They go to the swimming pool twice a month. (Ellos van a la piscina dos veces al mes.)
-
She plays tennis every weekend.
(Ella juega tenis cada fin de semana.)
A continuación una lista de adverbios de tiempo:
every: cada
once a: una vez por
twice a: dos veces por
three times a: tres veces por
Ejemplos:
He
reads the newspaper
every day.
takes a shower
once a week.
goes to the park
twice a month.
three times a year.
How often?
Se utiliza esta pregunta para indagar acerca de la frecuencia con la que se realiza una
actividad.
Ejemplo:
How often do you go to the beach? ( Con qué frecuencia vas a la playa?)
I sometimes go to the beach. (Yo voy a veces a la playa.)
I go to the beach once a year. (Yo voy a la playa una vez al año.)
31
EJERCICIO 15
I. Coloque las siguientes palabras en forma ordenada. Incluya la –s si es necesario en las
terceras personas (she/he /it)
a. (never/ cook/ Clare/ on the weekends)
_________________________________________________________
b. ( usually/ Charlotte and Joshua/ to the cinema/ go to)
_________________________________________________________
c. ( twice a week/ Samuel/ his car/ wash)
_________________________________________________________
d. ( Patrick/ late/ to be / always)
_________________________________________________________
e. ( buy / Linda / clothes / three times a year)
_________________________________________________________
f. ( tennis / play / Sophia / sometimes)
_________________________________________________________
II. Responda las siguientes preguntas, utilice adverbios de frecuencia.
1. How often do you take a shower?
_______________________________
2. How often does your best friend talk to you? __________________________
3. How often do you wake up early? ___________________________________
4. How often do you eat out? ________________________________________
5. How often do you watch T.V? ______________________________________
6. How often do you go to the disco? ___________________________________
III. Identifique el error y corríjalo:
1. I go sometimes to the disco.
_______________________________
2. They never are on time.
_______________________________
3. We cook one time a week.
_______________________________
4. She sometimes study French.
_______________________________
5. He doesn’t never eats fast food.
_______________________________
Object Pronouns
El pronombre de objeto sustituye al nombre y por lo general va después de un verbo.
Ejemplo:
Richard loves Katherine.
Richard loves her.
Richard la ama.
Los pronombres de objeto son:
32
SUJETO
Lucy
VERBO
loves
PRONOMBRE
DE OBJETO
TRADUCCIÓN
me
a mi
you
a ti
him
a él
her
a ella
it
a tí
you
a ti
us
a nosotros
them
a ellos
EJERCICIO 16
I. Coloque las siguientes frases en una forma ordenada
a. ( helps / Lucy/ every day/ them) ______________________________________________
b. (her/ Tony / likes / very much) ________________________________________________
c. ( Bob/ it/ doesn’t understand) _______________________________________________
d. ( me/ calls/ my mum/ once a week) ___________________________________________
e. ( on the weekends/ see/ him/ I ) ______________________________________________
II. Reemplace el nombre que se encuentra en negrilla con el pronombre de objeto correcto.
a. Alice always invites Thomas to her house.
________________________________________________________
b. Andrew likes pizza a lot.
________________________________________________________
c. Joseph visits Claudia every Friday.
________________________________________________________
d. Richard doesn’t know Charles and Victor.
________________________________________________________
e. I love my children.
________________________________________________________
III. Encuentre el error en la oracion y corrija la palabra.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Peter likes their.
Margaret sends his some letters.
Tina gives I money.
Andrea helps we with our homework.
Homer doesn’t understand your.
______________________________
_____________________________
______________________________
_____________________________
_______________________________
END OF FIRST PARTIAL
33
UNIT FIVE
Simple Present Tense
Negative Sentences
Para formar las oraciones negativas en el presente simple se necesita del auxiliar don’t o
doesn’t antes del verbo.
A continuación revisemos el siguiente cuadro:
I
do not
don't
does not
doesn't
You
He
She
work.
It
We
You
do not
don't
They
I don’t work. (Yo no trabajo)

Observe que al usar: I, you, we, they utilizamos el auxiliar don’t + verbo.
Ejemplo:
I do not have a son. = I don’t have a son. (Yo no tengo un hijo.)

Mientras que al usar he, she o it utilizamos el auxiliar doesn’t + la forma base del
verbo (sin añadir la –s). Así, entonces tenemos:
Oración afirmativa: She works in a bank. (Ella trabaja en un banco)
Oración negativa: She doesn’t work in a bank. (Ella no trabaja en un banco)
Yes/ no Questions
Para formar preguntas, se debe usar auxiliares. DO y DOES son los auxiliares que se usan
en presente simple y, como en los negativos, DOES es solamente para la tercera persona.
En el siguiente cuadro, podrá observar que lo único que se hace para formar una pregunta
en el presente simple en inglés es añadir el auxiliar correspondiente al frente del sujeto. El
34
verbo de la tercera persona (HE, SHE, IT) va en su forma básica, no se debe añadir la –s
como en las oraciones afirmativas.
Verb
Complement
Do
Subject
pronoun
I
work
in a supermarket?
Yes, you do/ No, you don’t.
Do
you
work
8 hours a day?
Yes, I do/ No, I don’t
Does
he
work
in a project?
Yes, he does/ No, he doesn’t
Does
she
work
for my father?
Does
it
work
hard?
Yes, she does/ No, she
doesn’t
Yes, it does./ No, it doesn’t
Do
we
work
for UNESCO?
Yes, you do / No, you don’t
Do
you
work
Yes, we do / No, we don’t
Do
they
work
hard to earn good
money?
in a factory?
Auxiliary
Short answers
Yes, they do/ No, they don’t
Information Questions
Este tipo de preguntas se utiliza para conocer información específica. Entre las preguntas
informativas más comunes tenemos:
WHAT
WHERE
WHERE … FROM
WHEN
WHICH
WHY
HOW
HOW OLD
HOW OFTEN
WHAT TIME
qué
dónde
de dónde
cuándo
cuál/ cuáles
por qué
cómo
cuántos años
con qué frecuencia
qué hora/ a qué hora
Ejemplos:
Question
Word
Auxiliary
Subject
Pronouns
Verb
Complement
Answer
What time
do
I
start
school?
at 8!
Where
do
you
have lunch
every day?
at the cafeteria
Why
does
he
arrive
late every day?
I don't know.
How often
does
she
go
to the gym?
every Saturday.
Who
does
it
come
with?
his owner.
When
do
we
take
the final exams?
next week.
What
do
you
buy
for Christmas?
gifts for everybody.
How
do
they
come
to school?
by car.
35
Las preguntas informativas también necesitan un auxiliar.
Ejemplo:
-
The children play soccer in the park every day at 7 p.m.
¿Qué juegan los niños?:
What do the children play?
¿Con qué frecuencia juegan futbol los niños?: How often do the children play soccer?
¿A qué hora juegan los niños futbol?:
What time do the children play soccer?
Ejemplo:
-
Lady Gaga sings in enormous usually at night.
¿Dónde canta Lady Gaga?:
¿A qué hora usualmente canta?:
Where does Lady Gaga sing?
What time does she usually sing?
EJERCICIO 17
I. Con el verbo de la primera oración complete la segunda oración pero en forma negativa.
1. He likes to go Shopping but she ____________ to drive to the mall.
2. She creates very interesting works of art. He ___________ anything interesting.
3. They enjoy playing tennis with their children but the other couple ___________ it.
4. She likes to wear leather clothes but her daughter ___________ it.
5. She drives a brand new car. Her brother ___________ one.
II. Transforme las siguientes oraciones a negativas.
1. She writes for an important newspaper. _______________________________.
2. They come to classes on Saturdays._________________________________.
3. In the afternoon my boss has a sandwich. _____________________________.
4. Her parents still give her Money. ____________________________________.
5. I agree with you. __________________________________________________.
6. This secretary types a lot of letters. ___________________________________.
7. My children speak three languages. __________________________________
8. George pays the bills every Friday. _________________________________
9. His cousin does his homework in the evenings. __________________________
10. Albert and Thomas play soccer very well. ____________________________
III. Cambie las oraciones afirmativas a negativas y preguntas.
Ejemplo:
He cleans his house every weekend after lunch.
Oración Negativa:
Pregunta de Si y No:
Pregunta/ respuesta, his house:
Pregunta/ respuesta, every weekend:
He doesn´t clean his house every day after lunch.
Does he clean his house every day after lunch?
What does he clean every weekend after lunch?
How often does he clean his house?
36
1. Peter comes to school after work.
Oración Negativa:
__________________________________________
Pregunta de si y no:
__________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: to school:
__________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: after work:
__________________________________________
2. Karina’s children go to the movies on the weekend.
Oración Negativa:
__________________________________________
Pregunta de si y no:
__________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: to the movies:
__________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: on the weekend: __________________________________________
3. My father feeds the dog in the mornings.
Oración Negativa:
__________________________________________
Pregunta de si y no:
__________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: the dog:
__________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: in the mornings: __________________________________________
4. The secretary types four of letters every day.
Oración Negativa:
___________________________________________
Pregunta de si y no:
______________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: four
___________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: every day: ________________________________________
5. Sarah wakes up at 9:00 a.m on the weekends.
Oración Negativa:
__________________________________________________
Pregunta de si y no: _________________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: 9:00 a.m _________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: on the weekends. __________________________________
6. He works on the weekends because he needs money to pay his car.
Oración Negativa: ___________________________________________________
Pregunta de si y no: _________________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: on the weekends___________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: because he needs money to pay his car ________________
__________________________________________________________________
37
IV. Complete las siguientes oraciones en el presente simple usando el verbo en paréntesis.
1. Patrick ____________ (want) to come with us on our trip.
2. Mary ___________ (not travel) to her hometown every weekend.
3. _______ your parents _________ (cook) dinner together every day?
4. Every Saturday the students _________ (come) to school.
5. _________Carla _________ (live) with her daughter in a small apartment?
6. _______ you _______( work) on the weekends?
7. If you want to be healthy, you ___________ (need) to drink a lot of water.
8. Jennifer _________ (not like) to plan her vacations.
9. The bank and the store next to my house __________ (close) at 5 p.m.
10. _______ your sister __________ (do) her homework very late at night?
Verbs as a Complement: and, but, so,
because
Las conjunciones sirven para conectar ideas. A continuación detallaremos cada una de ellas.
AND: Une dos ideas que se encuentran relacionadas:
Ejemplo:
-
I like tea and she likes coffee.
A mí me gusta el té y a ella le gusta el café
BUT: Expresa una idea contraria.
Ejemplo:
-
I like soccer, but I don’t like tennis.
Me gusta el fútbol pero no me gusta el tennis.
SO: Expresa un resultado
Ejemplo:
-
I need money so I have to go to the bank.
Necesito dinero, por lo tanto, tengo que ir al
banco.
BECAUSE: Expresa una razón.
Ejemplo:
-
I study because I want to have a good exam. Estudio porque quiero tener un buen
examen.
38
EJERCICIO 18
I. Coloque but o so en los siguientes espacios, seleccione la conjunción que de sentido a la
oración
___ she doesn’t understand.
___ she is learning a lot.
1. She usually studies hard,
2. She is British
3. He is a doctor
___ she speaks English.
___ she lives in Portugal.
___ he works in a hospital.
___ he doesn’t like his job.
4. She plays soccer
5. Sarah loves apples
___ she goes to the stadium very often.
___ she doesn’t like basketball.
___ she doesn’t like oranges.
___ she drinks apple juice a lot .
II. Coloque and, but , so o because en las siguientes oraciones
a. I need to study _________ I have an exam tomorrow.
b. She lives in France ______ she doesn’t speak French very well.
c. They play golf ______ tennis.
d. Andrea knows how to cook______ she can prepare dinner tonight.
e. Matthew goes jogging every day, _______ he is in good shape.
III. Complete las siguientes oraciones:
a. My brother studies Japanese because ___________________________
b. I am very busy so ___________________________________________
c. Sally doesn’t like broccoli, but__________________________________
d. I want to go to Egypt, but _____________________________________
e. I like dogs so ______________________________________________
39
UNIT SIX
Present Progressive
Usage
1. Se usa el presente progresivo para hablar de eventos que ocurren al mismo momento en
que estamos hablando. Por ejemplo:
I am writing a letter.
(Estoy escribiendo una carta)
She is reading the newspaper.
(Ella está leyendo el periódico)
Anna is cooking dinner.
(Anna está cocinando la cena)
2. También se usa el presente progresivo para expresar cosas que estamos realizando,
ahora, este mes, este año, etc.
I am reading an interesting book.
(Estoy leyendo un libro interesante)
Esta acción no está ocurriendo este momento pero si en este período de mi vida. Se
expresa de igual manera en español.
3. Se lo utiliza además para hablar acerca de una acción o planes que vamos a realizar en
un futuro cercano.
She is visiting some friends tonight. (Ella va a visitar unos amigos esta
noche.)
Al igual que en Español, en inglés este tiempo tiene dos verbos, un auxiliar que en este caso
es el verbo TO BE y un verbo principal con la terminación –ING.
A continuación una tabla con ejemplos en el presente progresivo. Recuerde que la primera
parte de este tiempo es siempre el verbo TO BE y tiene que acordarse de la conjugación del
mismo.
SUBJECT
AUX (TO BE)
VERB -ING
COMPLEMENT
I
am
working
in the computer
You
are
painting
your room
He
Is
writing
a poem
She
Is
typing
a letter
It
Is
running
in the park
We
are
watching
TV.
You
are
listening
the radio
They
are
hiding
in the closet
40
Para formar el negativo simplemente se usa el negativo del verbo TO BE:
SUBJECT
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
AUX (TO BE)
m not
aren't
isn't
isn't
isn't
aren't
aren't
aren't
VERB -ING
working
painting
writing
typing
running
watching
listening
hiding
COMPLEMENT
in the computer
your room
a poem
a letter
in the park
TV.
the radio
in the closet
Para hacer preguntas de si y no se procede exactamente igual que con las oraciones con el
verbo TO BE, simplemente se coloca el verbo TO BE adelante del sujeto:
She is waiting for her brother. (Ella está esperando a su hermano)
Is she waiting for her brother? (Está ella esperando a su hermano?)
AUX (TO BE)
Am
Are
Is
Is
Is
Are
Are
Are
SUBJECT
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
VERB -ING
working
painting
writing
typing
running
watching
listening
hiding
COMPLEMENT
in the computer?
your room?
a poem?
a letter?
in the park?
TV?
the radio?
in the closet?
Ejemplo:
Oración Afirmativa:
Oración Negativa:
Pregunta de si y no:
Respuestas cortas:
She is drinking milk
She isn’t drinking milk
Is she drinking milk?
Yes, she is.
No, she isn’t
TIME EXPRESSIONS FOR THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Time Expressions / Expresiones de tiempo
at the moment
now
today
this week/month
en este momento
ahora
hoy
esta semana/ mes
Ejemplo:
He is working today.
Las expresiones de tiempo por lo general siempre van al final de la oración.
41
CAMBIOS ORTOGRÁFICOS
Sabemos que el verbo principal en este tiempo tiene que ir finalizado con –ING, pero hay
ciertos cambios que se tienen que realizar dependiendo de la forma del verbo.
1.
VERBO
DE
UNA SÍLABA QUE TERMINA EN CONSONANTE. Si el verbo es de una sílaba y sigue la
forma de: consonante, vocal, consonante se duplica la consonante y se añade –ing.
Ejemplo:
put
putting
cut
cutting
sit
sitting
2. VERBO QUE TERMINA EN –E. Si el verbo termina en –e se cambia esta vocal por –ing.
Ejemplo:
take
taking
come coming
write writing
3. VERBO QUE TERMINA EN Y.
simplemente se añade –ing.
Ejemplo:
study studying
try
trying
cry
crying
Se lo debe tratar igual que los verbos normales,
EJERCICIO 23
I. Complete las siguientes oraciones con el presente progresivo del verbo entre paréntesis.
1. The new student ______________________ to the instructions. (listen)
2. Martha _________________________ soccer with her team. (play)
3. Elizabeth _______________________ the guitar in this concert. (play)
4. My friends _____________________ a house for the poor. (build)
5. The dog _______________________ with the kids. (run)
6. The elevator _____________________ up right now. (go)
II. Forme oraciones en el presente progresivo con las siguientes claves:
1. (Paola/ record / this event ) _____________________________________________.
2. (Tim / driving / his car) ________________________________________________.
3. (They / create / a new project) ___________________________________________.
4. (My parents / work / in their office) _______________________________________.
5. (I / study / English) ____________________________________________________.
III. Escriba lo que los miembros de su familia están haciendo este momento:
1.
(your mother)
________________________________________________________.
2.
(your father)
_________________________________________________________.
42
3.
(your teacher)
_______________________________________________________.
4.
(your best
friend) _____________________________________________________.
IV. Escriba los negativos de las siguientes oraciones:
1. I am working on a very important Project. _________________________________.
2. She is talking to the teacher. ___________________________________________.
3. They are dancing salsa. _______________________________________________.
4. He is sweeping the floor. ______________________________________________.
V. Escriba oraciones afirmativas o negativas usando las frases en paréntesis.
1. (write in English) ___________________________________________________.
2. (listen to music) ____________________________________________________.
3. (watch TV.) ________________________________________________________.
4. (use the dictionary) __________________________________________________.
5. (surf the net) _______________________________________________________.
VI. Transforme las siguientes oraciones en preguntas de SI y NO.
1. They are studying for the exam. __________________________________________?
2. My mother is buying a new car. __________________________________________?
3. He is cleaning his room. ________________________________________________?
4. The children are playing video games. _____________________________________?
5. The students are writing a composition. ____________________________________?
Information Questions
Para realizar preguntas informativas con el presente progresivo se sigue la misma estructura
que con el VERBO TO BE.
Ejemplo:
- He is cooking breakfast for the familly.
Si la respuesta es breakfast,
La pregunta es:
-
¿cuál es la pregunta?
What is he cooking?
They are playing soccer in the park.
Si la respuesta es in the park, ¿cuál es la pregunta?
La pregunta es:
Where are they playing soccer?
Oración Afirmativa:
She is calling the police to ask for help.
43
Oración Negativa:
Pregunta de si y no:
Respuestas cortas:
Pregunta informativa:
Pregunta informativa:
She isn´t calling the police
Is she calling the police?
Yes, she is
Who is she calling?
Why is she calling the police?
No, she isn´t
R:the police
R: to ask for help
EJERCICIO 24
I. Transforme la siguiente oración afirmativa en:
NEGATIVA
PREGUNTA DE SI Y NO
PREGUNTA PARA QUE LA PALABRA SUBRAYADA SEA LA RESPUESTA.
EJEMPLO:
María is driving her father´s car to the mall.
1. María isn´t driving her father’s car to the mall.
2. Is María driving her father’s car to the mall?
3. Where is María driving her father’s car?
1. Michael is calling his sister to tell her about their mother.
1. ________________________________________________________.
2. ________________________________________________________.
3. ________________________________________________________.
2. Richard is studying English for the exam.
1. ________________________________________________________.
2. ________________________________________________________.
3. ________________________________________________________.
3. The students are writing a paragraph about their vacations.
1. ________________________________________________________.
2. ________________________________________________________.
3. ________________________________________________________.
4. The dog is digging a hole to hide his bone.
1. ________________________________________________________.
2. ________________________________________________________.
3. ________________________________________________________.
5. The mother is dropping off her children at school.
1. ________________________________________________________.
2. ________________________________________________________.
3. ________________________________________________________.
II. Escriba la pregunta para la respuesta subrayada.
EJEMPLO:
Manuel is drinking beer with his friends.
What is Manuel drinking?
1. ______________________________________________________________?
The employees are celebrating their friend’s birthday.
2. _______________________________________________________________?
Jennifer is attending a sales conference in Miami.
3. _______________________________________________________________?
44
It is snowing in New York at the moment.
4. _______________________________________________________________?
They are helping me because I didn´t know what to do.
Prepositions of Time
En inglés existen ciertas preposiciones que se refieren al tiempo, sin embargo las más
importantes son: in/on/at.
Rules
1. AT
 Time: para la horas: at 6 o'clock = a las seis
 Celebrations: para las fiestas: at Christmas = en navidades, at Easter = en semana santa
 at night = por la noche
 at the moment = en este momento
 at the same time = a la vez
 at present = actualmente
 at noon = al medio día
2. ON
 days of the week: días de la semana: on Friday = el viernes, on Friday
morning/afternoon/evening = el viernes por la mañana/tarde/noche
 Specific Dates: fechas específicas: on June 2nd = el 2 de Junio
 Holidays: on Christmas Day = el dia de navidad
 Vacaciones: (to be) on holiday = estar de vacaciones
 on the weekend = el fin de semana
3. IN
 Months: meses: in January = en Enero
 Years: años: in 1987 = en 1987
 Seasons: estaciones del año: in summer = en verano
 Times of the day in the morning = por la mañana
 Periods of time: periodos de tiempo: in a few minutes = dentro de unos minutos; in 2
months = dentro de 2 meses
45
Recuerde




in the morning
at Christmas
On Saturday morning ( con un día específico)
On Christmas Day (al utilizar la palabra day)
EJERCICIO 25
I. Coloque las siguientes expresiones en el casillero correcto
1977
February
Winter
ten minutes
noon
Easter
Christmas
rd
3 March
IN
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
__________
Mother’s Day
Sunday morning
Saturday midnight
the weekend
the afternoon
9:00 o’ clock
ON
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
_____________
AT
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
________
II. Complete las siguientes oraciones usando: IN/ON/AT.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
My birthday is _____ 11thJune.
I have a meeting _______ 8:00 o’clock.
I have to go ______ 20 minutes.
I usually go to the beach ______ summer.
She works ______ Sundays.
He is doing his homework ________ the moment.
We always get together _____ Mother’s Day.
What are you doing _______ the weekend?
I never go out ______ Saturday mornings.
He was born ______ 1985.
III. Observe las siguientes oraciones y coloque un (√ ) si la preposición es correcta, caso
contrario coloque la preposición correcta.
a. Laura always gets up on 7:00 o’ clock.
b. There’s so much to do on Christmas.
c. Charles is studying in the moment.
_________________
_________________
_________________
46
d. Robert always thinks of his dad on Father’s day.
e. When I dream at night you’re by my side.
_________________
_________________
UNIT SEVEN
Can
Es un verbo modal que expresa:
a) Habilidad: Se utiliza para demostrar la destreza de una persona.
- I can cook Japanese food.
Yo puedo cocinar comida japonesa.
- She can play tennis.
Ella puede jugar tenis.
(habilidad)
(*)
* Note que al usar las terceras personas (she, he o it) no se añade la –s al verbo.
b) Permiso: Se utiliza para
- Obtener permiso:
He can smoke in the office. (Él puede fumar en la oficina.)
- Pedir permiso:
Can I eat in the classroom? ( Puedo fumar en la clase?)
c) Petición: Pedirle a alguien un favor.
- Can you open the door?
Puedes abrir la puerta?
d) Incapacidad: Para demostrar la carencia de una habilidad.
- I can’t dance well.
Yo no puedo bailar bien.
A continuación observemos el cuadro del uso de CAN:
Sujeto
Can/Can't
I/You/ We/They
can
She/ He/It
cannot/can't
Forma base del verbo
play soccer.
Yes/No question
Short answer
Can I ask you a question?
Yes, You can
Wh- Question
Where can I buy fresh vegetables?
47
Answer
You can buy fresh vegetables in that market.
EJERCICIO 26
I. Complete las oraciones con can o can’t, según la situación
Example: She can’t answer the phone now; she is not at home.
a. I know how to read in English, but I ______ speak because it is difficult.
b. Robert is good at playing soccer; he ______ play the piano very well.
c. James ______ help you because he is not here.
d. You are a good student. I know you ______ do it.
e. Alex ______ call you because his phone is broken.
II. Seleccione uno de los verbos del cuadro + can y complete las siguientes oraciones
play
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
swim
speak
type
sing
be
draw
ride drive
teach
I _________________ a rainbow song.
Peter thinks he ____________ in the pool as fast as Michael Phelps.
We _____________ golf very well.
I know algebra, so I ___________________ you how to do it.
Rosy _______________ 60 words per minute.
Louis ______________ horses quite well.
Laura ________________ three languages.
He _________________ big trucks.
She is a skillful artist. She _____________ beautiful pictures.
Be careful! It __________ dangerous.
III. Realice preguntas para las siguientes situaciones:
Ejemplo:
-
You want to find the meaning of a word. Ask your friend.
Can I use a dictionary?
a. You want to use your friend’s phone. Ask your friend.
_______________________________________________
a. You want to watch a film on the T.V. Ask your brother.
____________________________________________________
b. You are feeling cold and the window is open. Ask your classmate
48
______________________________________________________
c. d. You need some money. Ask your friend.
_______________________________________________________
f. You don’t understand the homework. Ask your classmate.
_______________________________________________________
Adverbs of Manner
Se utilizan estos adverbios para indicar la manera en que se realiza una acción. Por lo
general se forman añadiendo ‘ly’ al final del adjetivo que en español significa ‘mente’.
Los adverbios generalmente se colocan después de un verbo de acción:
Ejemplos:
-
My grandmother walks slowly.
Mi abuela camina lentamente.
-
They drive carefully.
Ellos manejan cuidadosamente.
ADJETIVO
ADVERBIO
quick
quickly
slow
slowly
careful
carefully
quiet
quietly
loud
loudly
soft
softly
natural
naturally
Cuando un adjetivo termina en consonante + y, está ultima letra se omite y se añade -ily
ADJETIVO
ADVERBIO
happy
happily
easy
easily
Existen también excepciones a la regla:
ADJETIVO
ADVERBIO
good
well
fast
fast
hard
hard
49
EJERCICIO 27
I. Complete el siguiente cuadro con el adjetivo y el adverbio correcto
ADJETIVO
ADVERBIO
1. beautiful
______________
2. __________
fast
3.___________
anxiously
4. dangerous
______________
5. good
______________
6.___________
clearly
7.___________
terribly
II. Una las siguientes oraciones con el adverbio adecuado.
a. She drives
b. He shouted at his son
c. They work
d. I sleep
e. Please! Listen
1. carefully, so you can understand.
2. hard to pay his house.
3. comfortably on my bed.
4. angrily.
5. too fast on the highway.
III. Escoja la palabra correcta (adverbio o adjetivo)
a. He sings ____________ (terrible/ terribly).
b. The teacher usually arrives________________ (late/ lately).
c. It is a ______________ (beautiful/ beautifully) day.
d. Can you speak _____________ (slow/ slowly) please?
e. Samuel can run very ____________ (fast/ clearly)
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Los sustantivos contables son aquellos que se pueden contar; esto quiere decir que existe un
singular y un plural. Si el sustantivo es singular tiene que ir precedido de a/an que significa
un, uno, una. También se puede usar el mismo sustantivo en plural, en este caso no se
puede usar el artículo indefinido a/an y se tiene que usar el plural del sustantivo.
50
-
She has a pet.
(Ella tiene una mascota)
singular
-
She has two pets.
(Ella tiene dos mascotas)
plural
Los sustantivos no contables son los que no se pueden contar, muchos de estos sustantivos
no contables también lo son en español:
money
peace
love
water
dinero
paz
amor
agua
Estos sustantivos no se pluralizan. Van conjugados como si fueran sustantivos singulares.
-
She needs butter for the cake.
(Ella necesita mantequilla para la torta)
-
Butter is essential for cakes.
(La mantequilla es esencial para las tortas)
Ejemplo:
SUSTANTIVOS CONTABLES
Singular
Plural
desk
desks
book
books
student
students
idea
ideas
decision
decisions
SUSTANTIVOS NO CONTABLES
Sólo singular
water
bread
coffee
love
money
Lista de sustantivos no contables.
FOOD
DRINKS
MATERIALS
OTHERS
rice
water
glass
work
bread
coffee
plastic
culture
butter
juice
wool
liberty
rice
milk
metal
friendship
cheese
soda
leather
peace
meat
tea
chicken
lemonade
WEATHER
education
fish
wine
sunshine
knowledge
salad
fog
progress
pasta
ice
experience
pie
rain
time
soup
snow
information
sugar
51
salt
Some, Any
Estas expresiones de cantidad se usan:
SOME: en oraciones afirmativas y significa algunos, algunas, algo
ANY: en oraciones negativas y preguntas y significa ningún, ninguna, nada.
Los dos se usan con sustantivos contables y no contables. En el caso de ser un sustantivo
contable, tiene que ser en su forma plural.
Ejemplo:
-
She needs some oranges.
(Ella necesita algunas naranjas)
-
She doesn’t need any oranges.
(Ella no necesita ningunas naranjas)
-
Does she need any oranges?
(Necesita ella algunas naranjas?)
How much?
How much significa ¿cuánto? y se utiliza con sustantivos no contables en preguntas.
Ejemplos:
-
How much sugar do you need?
¿Cúanta azucar necesitas?
-
How much water do you drink every day?
¿Cúanta agua tomás cada día?
-
How much information do you have?
¿Cúanta información tienes?
-
How much does it cost?
¿Cuánto cuesta?
Much
Se utiliza para oraciones negativas y preguntas con sustantivos no contables
Ejemplos:
-
I don’t have much time.
(No tengo mucho tiempo)
-
Do you usually buy much food?
(¿Compras usualmente mucha comida?)
How many?
How many significa cúantos y se utiliza con sustantivos contables en preguntas.
Ejemplos:
-
How many books do you need?
(¿Cúantos libros necesitas?)
-
How many children do you have?
(¿Cúantos hijos tienes?)
52
-
How many chairs are there?
(¿Cúantas sillas existen?)
Many
Se utiliza para oraciones negativas y preguntas con sustantivos contables en plural.
Ejemplos:
-
I don’t know many people. (No conozco a mucha gente)
-
Does she buy many books? (¿Ella compra algunos libros?)
Al responder a las preguntas de How much o How many se pueden usar las siguientes
expresiones de cantidad.
Ejemplo:
-
How much sugar do you need?
I need a lot of sugar.
-
How many books do you need?
I need a few books.
Quantifiers
SUSTANTIVOS
CONTABLES
few
a few
several
a couple of
one
two
three, etc
SUSTANTIVOS NO
CONTABLES
little
a little
a great deal of
a bit of
PARA LOS
DOS
a lot of
lots of
some
any
enough most of
plenty of
EJERCICIO 28
I. Complete las siguientes oraciones con “a”, “an”, “some”.
1. I’d like _________ coffee, please.
2. I want __________ peanut butter sandwich.
3. They are having _________ apple for breakfast.
4. When people come over, I offer them ________ soda.
5. There are ________ problems with the system.
53
II. Complete las siguientes oraciones usando “some” o “any”
1. I think you need ________ food.
2. The cat doesn’t have ________ food.
3. Is there ________ soda in the refrigerator?
4. There are ________ books you need to read.
5. Do you have ________ homework?
III. Escriba much o many antes de los siguientes sustantivos.
a. How _________ homework…?
b. How _________ desks…?
c. How _________ water…?
d. How _________ butter…?
e. How _________ sugar…?
f. How __________ children…?
g. How __________ museums…?
h. How __________ money…?
i. How __________ buses…?
j. How __________ time…?
IV. Las siguientes oraciones tienen un error. Corríjalas con el adverbio de cantidad correcto
1. How many money do you need?
______________________________
2. She has much money.
______________________________
3. He wants to buy a milk.
_______________________________
4. Do you have many homework?
________________________________
5. Janine has a little friends.
________________________________
54
UNIT EIGHT
Past of the Verb “To Be”
El verbo “to be” en pasado significa era/eran o estaba/estaban; de acuerdo a esto se puede
usar en las siguientes circunstancias:
1. Para identificar lo que fue una persona u objeto. En este uso se usa un sustantivo
después del verbo to be, house, teacher, engineer, desk, etc.
-
He was my friend.
They were classmates.
I was a student.
(El fue mi amigo)
(Ellos fueron compañeros)
(Yo era un estudiante)
2. Para describir una persona o cosa fue en el pasado. En este uso, la oración tiene que
tener un adjetivo que describa la persona u objeto del que estamos hablando, tall, short,
intelligent, poor, green.
-
Carlos was thin.
They were new
Carmen was blond.
It was cold this morning.
(Carlos era delgado)
Eran nuevos)
(Carmen era rubia)
(Estaba frío esta mañana)
3. Para indicar ubicación u origen en el pasado. En este caso, el verbo to be se traduce
como estar y después de él tenemos que usar una preposición, in, on, at para indicar el
lugar donde la persona cosa se encontraba.
-
My friends were in the class.
Jorge was in Colombia.
(Mis amigos estaban en la clase)
(Jorge estaba en Colombia)
A continuación la conjugación del verbo “to be” en una oración.
SUBJECT
PRONOUN
VERB TO
BE
I
Was
at a concert last night,
Tú estabas en un concierto anoche.
You
Were
at the soccer game.
Yo estaba en un partido de fútbol.
He
Was
absent yesterday.
Ël estuvo ausente ayer.
She
Was
worried about the exam.
Ella estuvo preocupada por el examen.
It
Was
my pet.
Eso fue mi mascota.
We
Were
classmates last year.
Nosotros fuimos compañeros el año pasado.
You
Were
thin.
Ustedes eran delgados.
They
Were
lazy.
Ellos eran vagos.
COMPLEMENT
TRADUCCIÓN
55
Negative Sentences
Al igual que con el presente, el pasado de este verbo se forma con el verbo más la palabra
not, normalmente en conversación se usa la contracción:
was + not=
were + not=
wasn't
weren't
Observe las mismas oraciones del ejemplo anterior pero ahora negativas:
SUBJECT
PRONOUN
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
VERB TO
BE
wasn't
weren't
wasn't
wasn't
wasn't
weren't
weren't
weren't
COMPLEMENT
at a concert last night,
at the soccer game.
absent yesterday.
worried about the exam
my pet.
classmates last semester.
thin.
lazy.
Yes/No questions
De la misma manera que en el presente, con el pasado del verbo “to be” la estructura cambia
y el verbo se ubica adelante del sujeto:
VERB TO BE
Was
Were
Was
Was
Was
Were
Were
Were
SUBJECT PRONOUN
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
COMPLEMENT
at a concert last night?
at the soccer game?
absent yesterday?
worried about the exam?
my pet?
classmates last semester?
thin?
lazy?
Existen expresiones de tiempo para hablar sobre el pasado.
last week/month/year
yesterday
two days/ three years ago
PREGUNTAS DE INFORMACION
Whquestion
Where
was/were
sujeto
Respuestas
was
she?
She was at the bus stop.
When
was
your birthday?
My birthday was in June.
What time
was
it?
It was at ten.
56
EJERCICIO 29
I. Complete las siguientes oraciones con el pasado del verbo to be:
Ejemplo:
She
was
in her house yesterday.
1. This morning it _________ hot and sunny.
2. The teacher _________ right about the question.
3. She ________ angry with me.
4. My parents _________ worried about my little sister.
5. John _________ grounded last week.
6. Lisa ________ at home.
7. You _________ late today.
8. The movie we saw _________ Titanic.
9. She _________ alone when I called her.
10. It __________ a good lunch.
II. Transforme las siguientes oraciones a negativas:
Ejemplo:
She was my friend.
1. Her doctor was very helpful.
2. Her answer was right.
3. We were very happy to see you.
4. My family was in England.
5. My friends were tired.
She wasn’t my friend
__________________________________.
__________________________________.
__________________________________.
__________________________________.
__________________________________.
III. Transforme las siguientes oraciones a negativas, luego a pregunta de si y no y responda
de forma corta.
Ejemplo:
He was in my soccer team.
1. They were very happy together.
He wasn’t in my soccer team
Was he in your soccer team?
Yes, he was
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
2. Today it was cold and windy.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
3. Last week I was in Spain.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
57
IV. Recuerde lo que hizo en navidad del año pasado y responda las siguientes preguntas
usando el verbo to be.
1. Where were you?
___________________________________________
2. Who were you with?
___________________________________________
3. How was the party?
___________________________________________
4. How long were you there?
___________________________________________
V. Ordene las siguientes palabras y forme oraciones o preguntas.
1. yesterday/ I / in / the / opera/ was
_____________________________________
2. were/ Where / you / night/ last / ?
_____________________________________
3. Who / with/ were / you/ ?
_____________________________________
4. play / The/ excellent / was
______________________________________
5. it / This / was/ cold / morning
______________________________________
6. yesterday / you / were / sick / ?
______________________________________
7. fault / was / It / not / my
______________________________________
VI. Realice preguntas para las respuestas subrayadas. Utilice wh- questions.
Ejemplos:
-
I was there last week.
When were you there?
a. She was in the park.
_________________________________
b. The party was great.
_________________________________
c. There were two apples on the table. ___________________________
d. It was in August.
_________________________________
e. He was in the office yesterday.
______________________________
END OF SECOND PARTIAL
58
RESPUESTA
UNIT ONE
EJERCICIO 1
I.
1. am
2. is
3. is
4. is
5. are
6. is
7. is
8. is
II.
1. She is from Venezuela.
2. It is cold today.
3. I am thirty years old.
4. Her name is Jennifer.
5. My homework is very difficult.
III. Posibles respuestas
1. I am twenty five years old.
2. I am an engineer.
3. I am tall and handsome.
4. I am in my bedroom.
5. I am from Tulcán.
EJERCICIO 2
I.
II.
1. The car isn’t in the garage.
2. I’m not an assistant.
3. Karina isn’t my friend.
4. The teachers aren’t late.
5. It isn’t my book.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I´m not a doctor.
I´m not 40 years old.
I´m not lazy.
I´m not Colombian.
I´m not in class.
EJERCICIO 3
I.
1. Carmen isn’t my mother.
Is Carmen your mother?
Yes, she is/ No, she isn’t
2. His house isn’t far away.
Is his house far away?
Yes, it is/ No, it isn´t
II.
1. Are you Peruvian?
2. Are you a student?
3. Are you thirty years old?
4. Is your mother Ecuadorian?
5. Is your university good?
3. The flowers aren´t beautiful.
Are the flowers beautiful?
Yes, they are/ No, they aren´t
4. I´m not a successful student.
Are you a successful student?
Yes, I am/ No, I´m not
III. Dependiendo de su realidad, las repuestas pueden ser:
1. Yes, I am/ No, I´m not.
2. Yes, I am/ No, I´m not.
3. Yes, I am/ No, I´m not.
4. Yes, he is/ No, he isn´t.
59
EJERCICIO 4
I.
AN
elephant
example
orange
aunt
umbrella
accountant
eraser
architect
apple
idea
A
job
horse
pencil
dictionary
rose
house
wife
teacher
computer
pen
II.
1. a
2. the
3. a
4. the
5. an
6. the
III.
a. an
b. an
c. a – the
d. a
e. an
f. an
g. a
h. an
i. an – the
j. an - the
EJERCICIO 5
I.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
mice
people
geese
feet
oxen
II.
1. flowers
2. dishes
3. doors
4. bushes
5. tomatoes
6. wives
7. dog
8. chairs
9. babies
10. folders
III.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
children
box
bus
people
mice
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
countries
tomatoes
watch
glasses
church
60
UNIT TWO
EJERCICIO 6
I.
1. c
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. c
6. c
7. b
8. c
9. b
10. c
II.
1. Is the answer in the book?
Where is the answer?
2. Are your friends good professionals?
What are your friends?
3. Is the secretary efficient?
How is the secretary?
4. Is it 9:30 a.m?
What time is it?
5. Is Sophia in Argentina?
Where is Sophia?
6. Is that man your brother?
Who is that man?
th
7. Is Valentine’s Day on February 14 ?
When is Valentine’s Day?
8. Is Samantha from Brazil?
Where is Samantha from?
9. Is Christian eighteen years old?
How old is Christian?
10. Are you happy because your dog is better?
Why are you happy?
EJERCICIO 7
I.
1. my
2. her
3. their
4. our
5. his
II.
1. her
2. our
3. his
4. their
5. its
III.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. his
7. her
8. your
9. its
10. my
his
his wife
their phone number
her name
my keys
EJERCICIO 8
I.
1. a
2. b
3. b
4. a
5. c
II.
1. Mr. Brown’s car
2. My cousin’s house
3. My parents’ business
4. The door of the car
5. Tina’s children
III.
1. Ken’s suit
2. the window of the
classroom
3. Mrs. Clark’s son
4. my brother’s birthday
5. the students’ books
61
EJERCICIO 9
I.
1. yours
2. hers
3. theirs
4. mine
5. his
6. yours
7. ours
8. hers
9. theirs
10. ours
II.
POSSESSIVE CASE’S
It’s Susan’s cat.
It’s Kevin’s computer.
Those are John and
Carla’s books.
These are Tina’s
dresses.
That’s the dog’s food.
They are Sofia’s
pencils.
III.
1. their
2. her
3. theirs
4. hers
5. its
POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVES
It is her cat.
It is his computer.
Those are their books.
These are her dresses.
That is its food.
They are her pencils.
POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS
It is hers.
It is his.
Those books are
theirs.
These dresses are
hers.
That food is its.
They are hers.
6. her
7. his
8. mine
9. theirs
10. his
EJERCICIO 10
I.
a. whose
b. Who
c. Whose
d. Who
e. Whose
II.
a. Whose pens are those?
b. Whose dress is that?
c. Whose shoes are they?
d. Whose books are they?
e. Whose suit is it?
III.
1. It is Rose’s car.
2. It is Richard’s radio.
3. It is Susan’s computer
4. It is Steven’s pen.
5. They are the children’s crayons
6. They are these students’ erasers.
7. They are Peter’s gloves.
8. They are Roy and Sue’s bags.
9. They are the girls’ rings.
10. It is my grandfather’s watch.
EJERCICIO 11
I.
a. Those
b. That
c. This
d. These
e. That
f. This
g. Those
h. these
i. that
j. those
k. these
l. those
62
II.
b. Those computers are old
c. These dictionaries are big.
d. Those cars are new.
e. These children are intelligent.
f. Those countries are big.
III.
a. This candy is sweet.
b. That picture is small.
c. This person is kind.
d. That desk is dirty.
e. This knife is sharp.
IV.
a. those
b. these
c. those
d. this
e. that/this
UNIT THREE
EJERCICIO 12
I.
1. - b. Are there
2. - b. Is there
3.- c. There aren’t
4.- d. There is
5.- a. There are
II.
1. There is
2. There are
3. There is
4. There are
5. There are
6. There are
III.
1. Yes, there is
2. Yes, there are.
3. Yes, there is.
4. No, there isn’t.
5. No, there aren’t
.
EJERCICIO 13
I.
1. The cat is under the table
2. The tree is behind the house.
3. The airplane is on the air.
4. The old woman is in front of the piano.
5. The cars are in the parking lot.
6. The phone is on the table.
7. The clock is on the wall.
8. The sink is in the bathroom.
9. The lamp is on the night table.
10. The plant is next to the piano.
11. Paul is in front of Anna.
12. The cars are on the road.
II.
1. INCORRECT The cat is on the table.
2. CORRECT (√ )
3. INCORRECT The woman is in front of the computer.
4. CORRECT (√ )
5. INCORRECT The pictures are on the wall.
III.
a. on
b. in
c. in
d. on
e. on
63
UNIT FOUR
EJERCICIO 14
I.
sing
sings
pass
passes
mix
mixes
fly
flies
read
reads
do
play
cry
have
carry
does
plays
cries
has
carries
relax
relaxes
understand
study
understands
studies
swim
swims
go
goes
II.
a. They cook a delicious soup
b. He plays soccer.
c. Sofia uses the computer.
d. They wash a car.
e. She cleans the windows.
f. She sleeps on the bed.
g. The boy drinks milk.
h. The girl swims in the pool.
i. The man reads the newspaper.
III.
e–1
h–2
f–3
i–4
d–5
g–6
c–7
b–8
j–9
a – 10
IV.
a. Robert has two children.
b. My dog plays with a ball.
c. Katy’s parents sell vegetables.
d. My daughter reads science fiction books.
e. Adele goes to the park on weekends.
f. Alexandra and Tom buy organic food on Saturdays.
g. Brian’s horse loves carrots and apples.
h. I take a shower every day.
i. Brenda’s friends live near.
j. Isabel writes interesting novels.
V.
a. washes
b. rains
c. eat
d. starts
e. speak
f. does
g. hate
h. sleeps
i. like
j. swims
VI. LAS RESPUESTAS CORRECTAS SON:
1.b
2. a
3. a
4.b
5. a
6. b
7. a
8.a
9. a
10. b
64
VII. LAS RESPUESTAS PUEDEN VARIAR
a. I like working here
b. I dislike broccoli.
c. I love French fries.
d. I hate rats.
e. I prefer coffee.
EJERCICIO 15
I.
1. Clare never cooks on the weekends.
2. Charlotte and Joshua usually go to the cinema.
3. Samuel washes his car twice a week.
4. Patrick is always late.
5. Sophia sometimes plays tennis.
II. Las respuestas van a variar. Posibles respuestas.
1. I always take a shower.
2. He talks to me every weekend.
3. I usually wake up early.
4. I eat out every weekend.
5. I watch T.V. three times a week.
6. I go to the disco once a month.
III.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I sometimes go to the disco.
They are never on time.
We cook once a week.
She sometimes studies French.
He never eats fast food.
EJERCICIO 16
I.
1. Lucy helps them every day.
2. Tony likes her very much.
3. Bob doesn’t understand it.
4. My mum calls me once a week.
5. I see him on the weekends.
II.
a. Alice always invites him to her house.
b. Andrew likes it a lot.
c. Joseph visits her every Friday.
d. Richard doesn’t know them.
e. I love them.
III.
1. Peter likes them.
2. Margaret sends him some letters.
3. Tina gives me money.
4. Andrea helps us with our homework.
5. Homer doesn’t understand you.
65
UNIT FIVE
EJERCICIO 17
I.
1. doesn’t like
2. doesn’t create
3. don’t enjoy
4. doesn’t like
5. doesn’t drive
II.
1. She doesn’t write for an important newspaper.
2. They don’t come to classes on Saturdays.
3. In the afternoon my boss doesn´t have a sandwich.
4. Her parents don´t give her money.
5. I don’t agree with you.
6. This secretary doesn’t type a lot of letters.
7. My children don’t speak three languages.
8. George doesn’t pay the bills every Friday.
9. His cousin doesn’t do his homework in the evenings.
10. Albert and Thomas don’t play soccer very well.
III.
1. Peter doesn’t come to school after work.
Does Peter come to school after work?
Where does Peter come after work?
When does Peter come to school?
2. Karina’s children don’t go to the movies on the weekend.
Do Karina’s children go to the movies on the weekend?
Where do Karina’s children go on the weekend?
When do Karina’s children go to the movies?
3. My father doesn’t feed the dog in the mornings.
Does your father feed the dog in the mornings?
What/ Who does your father feed in the mornings?
When does your father feed the dog?
4. The secretary doesn’t type a lot of letters every day.
Does the secretary type a lot of letters every day?
How many letters does the secretary type every day?
How often does the secretary type a lot of letters?
5. Sarah doesn’t wake up at 9:00 a.m on the weekends.
Does Sarah wake up at 9:00 a.m. on the weekends?
What time does Sarah wake up on the weekends?
When does Sarah wake up at 9:00 a.m.?
6. He doesn’t work on the weekends because he doesn’t need money to pay his car.
Does he work on the weekends because he needs money to pay his car?
When does he work?
Why does he work?
66
IV.
1. wants
2 doesn’t travel
3. Do - cook
4. come
5. Does- live
6. Do - work
7. need
8. doesn’t like
9. close
10. Does – do
EJERCICIO 18
I.
1. but
so
2. so
but
3. so
But
4. so
but
5. but
so
II.
a. because
b. but
c. and
d. so
e. so
III. LAS RESPUESTAS PUEDEN VARIAR. POSIBLES RESPUESTAS.
a. because he wants to go to Japan.
b. so I can’t go to the cinema
c. but she likes lettuce
d. but I don’t have money.
e. so I have one at home
UNIT SIX
EJERCICIO 23
I.
1. is listening
2. is playing
3. is playing
4. are building
5. is running
6. is going
II.
1.Paola is recording this event.
2. Tim is driving his car.
3. They are creating a new project.
4. My parents are working in their office.
5. I am studying English.
III. Posibles Respuestas
1.My mother is working in her office.
2. My father is traveling to another city right now.
3. My boyfriend is driving his car to the office.
4. My best friend is teaching an English class.
67
IV.
1. I am not working on a very important project.
2. She isn’t taking to the teacher.
3. They aren’t dancing salsa.
4. He isn’t sweeping the floor.
V.
Las oraciones dependerán de si Ud. Está o no haciendo las actividades.
1. I am writing in English.
2. I’m not listening to music.
3. I’m not watching t.v.
4. I am using a dictionary.
5. I’m surfing the net.
VI.
1.Are they studying for the exam?
2. Is your mother buying a new car?
3. Is he cleaning his room?
4. Are the children playing video games?
5. Are the students writing a composition?
EJERCICIO 24
I.
1. 1. Michael isn’t calling his sister to tell her about their mother.
2. Is Michael calling her sister to tell her about their mother?
3. Who is Michael calling?
2. 1. Richard isn’t studying English for the exam.
2. Is Richard studying English for the exam?
3. What is Richard studying?
3. 1. The students aren’t writing a paragraph about their vacations.
2. Are the students writing a paragraph about their vacations?
3. What are the students writing?
4. 1. The dog isn’t digging a hole to hide his bone.
2. Is the dog digging a hole to hide his bone?
3. Why is the dog digging a hole?
5. 1. The mother isn’t leaving their children at school.
2. Is the mother leaving their children at school?
3. Where is the mother leaving their children?
II.
1. What are the employees celebrating?
2. Where is Jennifer attending a sales conference?
3. Where is it snowing at the moment?
4. Why are they helping you?
68
EJERCICIO 25
I.
IN
1977
February
ten minutes
winter
the afternoon
ON
AT
3 March
Saturday
Mother’s Day
the weekend
sunday morning
Christmas
midnight
9:00 o’ clock
Easter
noon
rd
II.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
on
at
in
in
on
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
at
on
on
on
in
III.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
incorrect: preposición correcta at
incorrect: preposicion correcta at
incorrect: preposicion correcta at
preposición correcta
preposición correcta
UNIT SEVEN
EJERCICIO 26
I.
a. can’t
b. can
c. can’t
d. can
e. can’t
II.
a. can sing
b. can swim
c. can play
d. can teach
e. can type
f. can ride
g. can speak
h. can drive
i. can draw
j. can be
III. LAS RESPUESTAS PUEDEN VARIAR. POSIBLES RESPUESTAS
a) Can I use your phone?
b) Can I turn on the T.V?
c) Can you close the window, please?
d) Can you lend me some money?
e) Can you explain it to me, please?
69
EJERCICIO 27
I.
II.
III.
1. beautifully
2. fast
3. anxious
4. dangerously
5. well
6. clear
7. terrible
a–5
b–4
c–2
d–3
e–1
a. terribly
b. late
c. beautiful
d. slowly
e. fast
EJERCICIO 28
I.
1. some
2. a
3. an
4. some
5. some
II.
1. some
2. any
3. any
4. some
5. any
III.
a. much
b. many
c. much
d. much
e. much
f. many
g. many
h. much
i. many
j. much
IV.
1. How much money…?
2. She has a lot of money.
3. He wants to buy some milk.
4. Do you have much homework?
5. Janine has a few friends.
UNIT EIGHT
EJERCICIO 29
I.
1. was
2. was
3. was
4. were
5. was
6. was
7. were
8. was
9. was
10. was
II.
1. Her doctor wasn´t very helpful.
2. Her answer wasn’t right.
3. We weren’t very happy to see you.
4. My family wasn’t in England.
5. My friends weren’t tired.
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III.
1. They weren’t very happy together.
Were they very happy together?
Yes, they were.
2. Today it wasn’t cold and windy.
Was it cold and windy today?
Yes, it was.
3. Last week I wasn’t in Spain.
Were you in Spain last week.
Yes, I was.
IV. Ejemplos de posibles respuestas:
1. I was in my uncle’s house.
2. I was with all my family.
3. The party was great.
4. I was there for four hours.
V.
1. I was in the opera yesterday.
2. Where were you last night?
3. Who were you with?
4. The play was excellent.
5. This morning it was cold.
6. Were you sick yesterday?
7. It was not my fault.
VI.
a. Where was she?
b. How was the party?
c. How many apples were there on the table?
d. When was it?
e. When was he in the office?
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