Download ENGLISH GRAMMAR

ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Personal Pronouns
I - yo
you - tú
he - él
she - ella
it - eso(para animales y objetos)
we - nosotros
you - ellos
they - ellos
Use
I´m Italian.
What has he got?
They are tall.
* En inglés, a diferencia del castellano, el sujeto no debe faltar nunca; siempre hay que
incluir un pronombre o sustantivo.
He is tall.
Es alto.
It´s on the table.
Está encima de la mesa.
Susan´s at home.
Susan está en casa.
* El pronombre sujeto I (yo) siempre se escribe en mayúscula.
Exercises
A. Write eight sentences using the personal pronouns.
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Possessives adjectives / Possessives determinants
my - mi
your - tu, tus
his - su (de él)
her - su (de ella)
its - su (para animales y objetos)
our – nuestro, nuestros
your – vuestro, vuestros
their – su (de ellos)
Use
* En inglés ponemos el adjetivo posesivo va delante del sustantivo para indicar quien
posee una cosa.
My favourite group is Dodgy.
Mi grupo favorite es Dodgy.
His name is Frank.
Su (de él) nombre es Frank.
Their dog is really big.
Su (de ellos) perro es realmente grande.
Susan does her homework every day.
Susan hace sus (de ella) deberes todos los días.
Exercises
A. Complete these sentences using the correct possessive adjectives:
1. Pedro and Isabel are Spanish. ______ family is from Spain.
2. Juan is not at school. ______ father took him to the doctor.
3. Beatriz is married. She showed us ______ ring today.
4. Jorge has a car. ______ car is new.
5. There are many student’s at school. ______ school as 500 children.
6. Jose and Maria are dancers. ______ older brother is a singer.
7. Pepe and I have an English class together. ______ teacher is Ms. Smith.
8. Juanma has a van. ______ van is very old.
9. Silvia is wearing a dress. ______ dress is yellow.
10. My family has a dog. ______ dog’s name is Lady.
11. The teacher told me not to bring ______ cell phone to school.
12. When I was in France last year I stayed at ______ father’s house.
13. Elizabeth has a skateboard. ______ skateboard is blue.
14. Peter is Dutch. ______ family is from Amsterdam.
15. I have one sister. ______ name is Debbie.
16. I have a pen. ______ pen is red.
17. Nacho forgot ______ book.
18. Luis and Miguel talk like ______ father.
19. Alex and I were late for ______ class.
20. Princess Leticia is wearing ______ new Chanel glasses.
21. Where are ______ keys? I can’t find them.
22. Where do you keep ______ money, in the bank?
23. Ana sees ______ mother every day.
24. The cat eats ______ food quickly.
25. We bring ______ books to class.
Interrogative particles
Who?
When?
What?
¿Quién?
¿Cuándo?
¿Qué?
How?
Where?
Why?
Exercises
A. Complete the sentences with the correct interrogative particles:
1. __________ do you like best?
2. __________ does Manolo get up in the morning?
3. __________ don´t you go by bus, Cristina?
4. __________ hobbies does Carlos like?
5. __________ do they go to every week?
6. __________ old are you Silvia?
7. __________ is Maria´s birthday?
8. __________ are my exercise books?
9. __________ are you doing at the moment, Harry?
10. __________ do the Petersons live?
¿Cómo?
¿Dónde?
¿Por qué?
There is / There are
Affirmative
Singular: There is
Plural: There are
Negative
Singular: There isn´t
Plural: There aren’t
Interrogative
Singular: Is there?
Plural: Are there?
Short answers
Singular:
Yes, there is.
No, there isn´t.
Plural:
Yes, there are.
No, there aren´t.
Use
* There is y there are equivalen a la forma impersonal hay. En inglés, a diferencia del
castellano, hay una forma singular y otra plural para corresponder al sustantivo que
viene detrás.
There´s a dictionary in her bag.
Hay un diccionario en su bolsa.
There are two dictionaries on the table.
Hay dos diccionarios encima de la mesa.
* Si hay varios sustantivos en la frase, es el primero de ellos el que determina que
forma del verbo se utiliza.
There´s a table and four chairs.
There are two boys and a girl.
Exercises
A. Completa las siguientes oraciones utilizando la forma afirmativa de hay:
1. ________ an Italian boy in my class.
2. ________ an internet café opposite our school.
3. ________ five supermarkets in my town.
4. ________ a museum next to the park.
5. ________ some posters in front of the cinema.
B. Completa las siguientes oraciones utilizando la forma negativa de hay:
1. ___________ any shopping centers in this town.
2. ___________any beaches in London.
3. ___________an American café here.
4. ___________a Hollywood in Spain.
5. ___________any rap CDs in this shop.
C. Escribe preguntas y respóndelas utilizando la forma correcta de hay:
1. / a skateboard park near here?
_____________________________
No, __________________________
2. / a Hollywood in Ireland?
_____________________________
Yes, __________________________
3. / any famous football teams in your town?
_____________________________
Yes, __________________________
4. / any interesting places near your house?
_____________________________
No, __________________________
5. / an English boy in your class?
_____________________________
No, __________________________
Verb To Be
Affirmative (+)
I am (I´m) from Spain.
You are (you´re) from Spain.
He is (he´s) from Spain.
She is (she´s) from Spain.
It is (it´s) from Spain.
We (we´re) are from Spain.
You are (you´re) from Spain.
They are (they´re) from Spain.
Negative (-)
I am (I´m) not from Spain.
You are not (aren´t) from Spain.
He is not (isn´t) from Spain.
She is not (isn´t) from Spain.
It is not (isn´t) from Spain.
We are not (aren´t) from Spain.
You are not (aren´t) from Spain.
They are not (aren´t) from Spain.
Interrogative (?)
Am I from Spain
Are you from Spain?
Is he from Spain?
Is she from Spain?
Is it from Spain?
Are we from Spain?
Are you from Spain?
Are they from Spain?
Short answers
Yes, I am.
Yes, you are.
Yes, he is.
Yes, she is.
Yes, it is.
Yes, we are.
Yes, you are.
Yes they are.
Use
* Utilizamos el verbo to be para ser y estar.
Susana is from Madrid. Susana es de Madrid.
Mike is very happy. Mike está muy contento.
* En inglés utilizamos to be, y no have got, para algunas expresiones habituales.
I´m 12 years old.
Tengo 12 años.
I´m hot/cold.
Tengo calor/frío.
I´m hungry/thirsty.
Tengo hambre/sed.
Exercises
A. Completa con el verbo To Be:
1. I _____ a girl.
2. My father_____ at work.
3. Alex and Dino _____ my cats.
4. Alex _____ in the garden.
5. Dino _____ on the floor.
6. My red pencil _____ on the floor, too.
7. The other pencils _____ in my pencil case.
8. My mother _____ in the living room.
9. Eli and Rafa _____ good friends.
10. They _____ good at tennis.
11. _____ they in Amsterdam this week?
12. The pupils _____ not at school today.
13. It _____ Monday.
14. I _____ at home.
15. We _____ friends.
B. Haz frases afirmativas:
1. I _____ never happy on a Sunday afternoon.
2. We _____ Scottish.
3. He _____ a pilot.
4. Mayte and Joshua _____ angry.
5. You _____ clever and good-looking.
C. Hacer frases en negativa
1. You _____ not Dutch.
2. Gemma _____ at home.
3. Agust and I _____ pleased about it.
4. I _____ not cruel.
5. It _____ good.
D. Completa los huecos de las siguientes preguntas:
1. _____ you from Málaga?
2. _____ Isabel Spanish?
3. _____ we ready to go?
4. _____ he married?
5. _____ you tired?
E. Completa las oraciones con el verbo To Be:
1. Joshua _____ Marco´s son.
2. Patty´s mother _____ Joshua´s sister.
3. Beatriz and Marcos _____ their grandparents.
4. They _____ Cristina´s parents.
5. Cecilia and Victor _____ María´s children.
6. Janice _____ my grandmother.
7. My father´s name _____ Juan.
8. Francisco and Jaime _____ from Colombia.
F. Completa las oraciones con el verbo To Be:
1. It ___ a donkey. It ___not a horse.
2. It ___ very hot today. It ___ not very comfortable.
3. I ___ Peter. I ___ not Paul.
4. She ___ Miss Lee. She ___ a teacher.
5. He ___ my father. He ___ a doctor. He ___ not a lawyer.
6. You ___ a stranger. You ___ not my friend.
7. We ___ in the same class, but we ___ not on the same team.
G. Completa las oraciones con el verbo To Be:
1. The camel ___ a desert animal.
2. Vegetables and fruit ___ healthy foods.
3. Lambs ___ baby sheep.
4. Kenneth ___ a lawyer.
5. Rex ___ a clever dog.
6. A duck ___ a kind of bird.
7. The playground ___ full of people today.
8. My house ___near the school.
9. The questions ___ not too difficult.
10. The balloons ___ very colorful.
H. Completa las oraciones con el verbo To Be:
1. They ___ my good friends.
2. He ___ a soldier.
3. You ___ taller than Charlie.
4. She ___ ill.
5. We ___ very hungry.
I. Completa las oraciones con el verbo To Be:
1. John´s dog ___ very friendly.
2. Robert ___ ten years old.
3. These flowers ___ very pretty.
4. The two schools ___ close to each other.
5. Math ___ not a very difficult subject.
6. ___ dinner ready?
7. This computer ___ very easy to use.
8. All the windows ___ open.
9. Sue and Jane ___ neighbours.
10. His hair ___ curly.
J. Corrige estas frases pasándolas a negativa:
1. The British Isles are in Africa.
2. The Mediterranean is an ocean.
3. The Alps are in America.
4. The Nile is in Asia.
5. Mount Everest is in Africa.
K. Completa las oraciones con el verbo To Be:
1. Julie ____ tall.
2. Peter and Julie ____ big.
3. You ____ happy.
4. I ____ tall.
5. Peter and I ____ bored.
6. Mary ____ ten years old.
7. My birthday ____ in February.
8. My sister and I ____ in the Living room.
9. I ____ going to Las Vegas.
10. They ____ not kind with their children.
11. She ____ not nominated for an Oscar this year.
12. We ____ in France.
13. You ____ in my class.
14. He ____ a very good student in English.
15. I ____ a singer.
L. Completa las oraciones con el verbo To Be en negativa:
1. They ____ from Sidney.
2. You ____ in Spain.
3. It ____ 5 o´clock yet.
4. The dog ____ black.
5. Jim ____ busy now.
6. I ____ very well today.
7. She ____ on time for class.
8. The exercises ____ difficult.
9. We ____ very good friends.
10. I ____ in the same class as you.
Have got
Affirmative (+)
I have got two brothers.
You have got two brothers.
He has got two brothers.
She has got two brothers.
It has got two brothers.
We have got two brothers.
You have got two brothers.
They have got two brothers.
Negative (-)
I haven´t got two brothers.
You haven´t got two brothers.
He hasn’t got two brothers.
She hasn’t got two brothers.
It hasn’t got two brothers.
We haven’t got two brothers.
You haven’t got two brothers.
They haven’t got two brothers.
Interrogative (?)
Have I got two brothers?
Have you got two brothers?
Has he got two brothers?
Has she got two brothers?
Has it got two brothers?
Have we got two brothers?
Have you got two brothers?
Have they got two brothers?
Short answers
Yes, I have.
Yes, you have.
Yes, he has.
Yes, she has.
Yes, it has.
Yes, we have.
Yes, you have.
Yes, they have.
No, I haven’t.
No, you haven’t.
No, he hasn’t.
No, she hasn’t.
No, it hasn’t.
No, we haven’t.
No, you haven’t.
No, they haven’t.
Use
* Utilizamos have got para hablar de posesión.
* En ingles británico se suele utilizar have junto con got, especialmente a nivel oral.
* En inglés americano se utiliza have sin got.
Exercises
A. Completa estas oraciones utilizando Have got:
1. I _________ some apples.
2. I _________ (not) any shoes.
3. He _________ a new car.
4. They _________ (not) a new car.
5. How many children ________ he ______ ?
6. We _________ (not) a dog.
7. I _________ (not) any food.
8. They _________ some fruit.
9. She _________ (not) any friends.
10. I´m busy, I _________ (not) a lot of time.
11. This flat is great, it ________ a lot of space.
12. What ________ you ________ ?
13. ________ you ________ a pencil?
14. We ________ (not) any fruit.
15. They ________ (not) much money.
16. They ________ a lot of happiness.
17. We ________ (not) a new computer.
18. Málaga ________ a lot of nice hotels.
19. He ________ (not) any problems.
20. Madrid ________ many old buildings.
21. ________ you ________ an aspirin?
22. I ________ (not) any cigarettes.
23. ________ you ________ brothers and sisters?
24. Kim ________ a new watch.
25. ________ you ________ you plane ticket?
B. Completa las siguientes oraciones con Have got:
1. Laura _________ a lot of stamps.
2. Our house _________ (not) large windows.
3. I _________ a younger brother.
4. We _________ art lessons on Mondays.
5. Dad _________ (not) a cold.
6. Monkeys _________long tails.
7. John _________ a sore knee.
8. We _________ a new science teacher.
9. He _________ a bad temper.
10. The girls _________ golden hair.
11. An insect _________ six legs.
12. Dad _________ his cell phone with him.
13. Many poor people _________ (not) anything to eat.
14. Málaga _________ a very big airport.
15. A triangle _________ 3 sides.
16. The man _________ two daughters.
17. James _________ (not) a toothache.
18. All the passengers _________ their tickets.
19. Every pupil _________ (not) a good dictionary.
20. Dad _________ two pairs of shoes.
21. Jack _________ ten marbles.
22. I _________ a hamster. It is called Lucky.
23. We _________ an apartment.
24. The farmer _________ different kinds of animals on his farm.
Present Simple
Affirmative (+)
I get up at eight o´clock
You get up at eight o´clock
He gets up at eight o´clock
She gets up at eight o´clock
It gets up at eight o´clock
We get up at eight o´clock
You get up at eight o´clock
They get up at eight o´clock
Negative (-)
I don´t get up at eight o´clock
You don’t get up at eight o´clock
He doesn’t get up at eight o´clock
She doesn’t get up at eight o´clock
It doesn’t get up at eight o´clock
We don’t get up at eight o´clock
You don’t get up at eight o´clock
They don’t get up at eight o´clock
Interrogative (?)
Do I like fish?
Do you like fish?
Does he like fish?
Does she like fish?
Does it like fish?
Do we like fish?
Do you like fish?
Do they like fish?
Short answers
Yes, I do.
Yes, you do.
Yes, he does.
Yes, she does.
Yes, it does.
Yes, we do.
Yes, you do.
Yes, they do.
No, I don’t.
No, you don’t.
No, he doesn’t.
No, she doesn’t.
No, it doesn’t.
No, we don’t.
No, you don’t.
No, they don’t.
Use
* Se utiliza el presente simple para hablar de actividades que se realizan regularmente
y para hablar de rutinas (diarias, semanales, anuales, etc).
* NO SE UTILIZA para hablar de actividades que está sucediendo en el momento.
* Con he, she, it (la tercera persona singular) en afirmativo, se añade –s o –es al
verbo,según las reglas siguientes.
Ortography Rules –verbo + -s/-es
* Para formar la tercera persona singular (que corresponde a he, she, it) del presente
simple, normalmente se añade –s.
eat - eats
work - works
* A los verbos que acaban en –ch, -sh, -s, -x, se les añade –es.
wash - washes
teach - teaches
* A los verbos do y go se les añade –es.
do - does
go - goes
* A los verbos acabados en consonante + -y, se les quita la –y y se añade –ies.
try - tries
study - studies
* A los verbos acabados en vocal + -y, se les añade –s.
say - says
play - plays
Exercises
A. Completa con la forma correcta del Presente Simple:
1. I _________ (play) tennis after school
2. You _________ (start) school at nine o´clock.
3. We _________ (have) lunch at school.
4. They _________ (watch) TV after dinner.
5. She _________ (not get up) at seven o´clock.
6. We _________ (go) to bed at nine o´clock.
7. What time _________ I (get) up?
8. What _________ she _________ after school?
9. He _________ (play) football.
10. Susan _________ (go) to the cinema.
11. My mother _________ (start) work at half past seven.
12. What _________ they _________ (do) in the evening?
13. How _________ you _________ (spell) that in English?
14. Brian _________ (get) up at eight o´clock.
15. Where _________ John and Martin _________ (go ?
16. Serena _________ (not know) what to do.
17. Wendy _________ (not like) to do shopping.
18. My grandfather _________ (not live) in London.
19. My sisters _________ (walk) to school every day.
20. My best friend _________ (like) math.
21. My brother and I _________ (have) breakfast half past seven.
22. My cousin _________ (study) biology.
23. We _________ (go) to the cinema at the weekend.
24. When _________ Mary _________ (start) school?
25. Gill _________ (not work) in a supermarket.
B. Escribe estas frases en negativo:
1. I study French.
_____________________________________________
2. School finishes at two o´clock.
_____________________________________________
3. You copy from other students.
_____________________________________________
4. We think English is easy.
_____________________________________________
5. My friends play volleyball.
_____________________________________________
6. I watch TV on Saturday morning.
_____________________________________________
7. She speaks Chinese.
_____________________________________________
8. The dog likes cats.
_____________________________________________
9. They listen to pop music.
_____________________________________________
10. I play with my hamster every day.
_____________________________________________
C. Ordena las siguientes palabras y responde:
1. live / at / you / Do / school / ?
_____________________________________________
No, ___________________
2. in / students / Do / the canteen / ? / eat
_____________________________________________
Yes, ___________________
3. to school / your brother / on Saturday / ? / Does / go
_____________________________________________
No, ___________________
4. live / near / Do / your friends / you / ?
_____________________________________________
Yes, ___________________
5. at / school/ finish / Does / three o´clock / ?
_____________________________________________
No, ___________________
Present continuous
Affirmative (+)
I am working.
You are working.
He is working.
She is working.
It is working.
We are working.
You are working.
They are working.
Negative (-)
I’m not working.
You aren’t working.
He isn’t working
She isn’t working
It isn’t working.
We aren’t working.
You aren’t working.
They aren’t working.
Interrogative (?)
Am I working?
Are you working?
Is he working?
Is she working?
Is it working?
Are we working?
Are you working?
Are they working?
Short answers
Yes, I am.
Yes, you are.
Yes, he is.
Yes, she is.
Yes, it is.
Yes, we are.
Yes, you are.
Yes, they are.
No, I’m not.
No, you aren’t.
No, he isn’t.
No, she isn’t.
No, it isn’t.
No, we aren’t.
No, you aren’t.
No, they aren’t.
Use
*Utilizamos el presente continuo para referirnos a acciones que están sucediendo en el
momento de hablar. En inglés, a diferencia del castellano, no se puede utilizar el
presente simple en este caso.
Where are you going?
¿A dónde vas?
He´s watching TV.
Está viendo la tele.
Ortography Rules – verbo + -ing.
* Normalmente añadimos –ing al verbo para formar el gerundio.
eat - eating
start - starting
* Los verbos que acaban en una sola –e pierden la –e y añaden –ing.
write - writing
have - having
* Cuando un verbo de una sola sílaba acaba en vocal + consonante, la consonante se
duplica.
put - putting
swim - swimming
run - running
* Si el verbo termina en –y, -x, -w, la consonante no se duplica.
play - playing
mix - mixing
snow - snowing
* En los verbos acabados en –ie, se cambia –ie por –y.
lie - lying
die - dying
Exercises
A. Completa las oraciones con el Presente Contínuo:
1. I ___________ (watch) a reality show on TV.
2. My favourite team ___________ (win)!
3. Someone ___________ (swim) in the sea.
4. Two people ___________ (cook) dinner on the beach.
5. We ___________ (not watch) a soap opera.
6. I ___________ (not do) my homework.
7. Mum ___________ (read) a magazine.
8. My brother ___________ (not listen) to the radio.
9. Dad ___________ (not cook) dinner.
10. Tara ___________ (talk) by phone.
11. Joe ___________ (play) on the computer.
12. Who ___________(watch) TV?
13. Tina ___________ (do) grammar exercises.
14. I ___________ (eat) a pizza.
15. We ___________ (sit) in the classroom.
16. I ___________ (not write) an email.
17. Amy ___________ (not go) to school today.
18. We ___________ (not have) fun today.
19. My team ___________ (not win) the match.
20. My parents ___________ (drive) to work now.
21. ___________ they ___________ (read) magazines? Yes, they are.
22. ___________ you ___________ (learn) English? Yes I am.
23. ___________ Helen ___________ (write) a letter? No, she isn´t.
24. ___________ Sarah ___________ (play) the guitar? Yes, she is.
25. We ___________ (not play) basketball.
B. Añade la terminación –ing a los siguientes verbos:
1. camp ______________
2. swim ______________
3. travel ______________
4. walk ______________
5. have ______________
6. write ______________
7. cook ______________
8. shop ______________
Can / Can’t
Affirmative (+)
I can speak English.
You can speak English.
He can speak English.
She can speak English.
It can speak English.
We can speak English.
You can speak English.
They can speak English.
Negative (-)
I can´t speak English.
You can´t speak English.
He can´t speak English.
She can´t speak English.
It can´t speak English.
We can´t speak English.
You can´t speak English.
They can´t speak English.
Interrogative (?)
Can I speak English?
Can you speak English?
Can he speak English?
Can she speak English?
Can it speak English?
Can we speak English?
Can you speak English?
Can they speak English?
Short answers
Yes, I can.
Yes, you can.
Yes, he can.
Yes, she can.
Yes, it can.
Yes, we can.
Yes, you can.
Yes, they can.
Use
* Utilizamos can para hablar de habilidades y capacidades.
* Can corresponde en castellano a saber o poder.
Tigers can´t fly.
Los tigres no pueden volar.
No, I can’t.
No, you can’t.
No, he can’t.
No, she can’t.
No, it can’t.
No, we can’t.
No, you can’t.
No, they can’t.
I can play the piano.
Sé tocar el piano.
Exercises
A. Completa con can o can’t:
1. Her dad only speaks English. He ________ speak French.
2. I ________ swim a hundred meters.
3. ________ you make a fire?
4. ________ he cook? No, he ________ .
5. What sports ________ you play?
6. Marc ________ climb trees, he is ill.
7. There´s party tonight. ________ I come?
8. Peter doesn´t want to go to the pool because he ________ swim.
9. Cats ________ climb trees.
10. Rabbits ________ sing.
11. It is really dark. I ________ see anything.
12. I´ve got a new bike, no I ________ ride it.
13. He hurt his leg so he ________ run fast.
14. She´s a singer. She ________ sing nicely.
15. A girl ________ fly.
16. Ducks ________ swim.
17. Babies ________ ride bikes.
18. A dog ________ play tennis.
19. Squirrels ________ climb trees.
20. Cats ________ fly.
21. Bees ________ make honey.
22. ________ we go swimming, please?
23. Babies ________ drive a car.
24. Elephants ________ fly.
25. ________ you help me with my homework?