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Presente Perfecto
¿Cómo se forma?
El tiempo Presente Perfecto Simple se forma con el tiempo presente del verbo “to have” (con el
significado de haber) más el participio pasado del verbo principal. Los participios pasados de
verbos regulares, se forman de la misma manera que en el Pasado Simple, es decir agregando –
ed/-d al verbo. Los participios pasados de verbos irregulares aparecen en la tercera columna de
una lista dichos verbos. La traducción de cualquier verbo en participio pasado debe terminar en
ado,ido,to,so,cho.
AFFIRMATIVE
I have found-yo he encontrado
He/ she/ It has found - el/ella/
ha encontrado
We/ you/ They have found
Nosotros / Ustedes / Ellos
hemos/ han encontrado
NEGATIVE
I haven’ t ( have not ) found- yo
no he encontrado
He/She / It hasn’t (has not )
found - Èl /Ella no ha
encontrado
We/ you /They haven’t found
Nosotros / Ustedes / Ellos no
hemos / han encontrado
INTERROGATIVE
Have you found ? Has
encontrado ?
Has he/she/it found? Ha
encontrado
Have we / you / they found?
Han / hemos encontrado ?
Este tiempo verbal se usa para referirnos a acciones que suceden en un pasado reciente y que
guardan alguna relación con el presente. Su equivalente en el idioma español es el Pretérito
Perfecto.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.
¿ Còmo se forma? PERSONA + HAVE o HAS + BEEN + VERBO EN ING.
AFFIRMATIVE
I have been studying – yo he
estado estudiando
He/ She / It has been studyingÈl/ Ella ha estado estudiando
We / You / They have been
studying – Nosotros hemos /
Ustedes / Ellos han estado
estudiando
NEGATIVE
I haven’t (have not) been
studying – yo no he estado
estudiando
He / she / it hasn`t ( has not )
been studying –Èl/ Ella no ha
estado estudiando
We / You / They haven’t (have
not ) been studying – Nosotros
no hemos estado estudiando /
Ustedes / Ellos no han estado
estudiando
INTERROGATIVE
Have you been studying? Has
estado estudiando ?
Has he / she / it been
studying?- Ha estado èl / ella
estudiando ?
Have We / You / They been
studying – Hemos nosotros /
Han Nosotros/ Ustedes /
estado estudiando?
ADVERBIOS
Since : desde I have lived here since 2005 : yo he vivido aquì desde 2005
For : durante I have lived here for 10 years : yo he vivido aquì durante 10 años.
Already : ya . Se usa para el afirmativo e interrogativo Have you seen him already ? Ya lo has
visto? I have already seen him : ya lo he visto
Yet : aún/ todavìa . I haven`t seen him yet : Aùn / Todavìa no lo he visto
b. Ejemplo:
The uses of information,communication and technology (ICT) have been enhancing students’
understanding of the connections between technology, society and the environment.
Los usos de la tecnología de información y comunicación (TIC) han estado mejorando la visión de
los alumnos acerca de los vínculos entre tecnología, sociedad y el medio ambiente.
Exercises.
1. We’ve told each other stories for ages to help make sense of our world, anticipate the future, and
certainly to entertain ourselves.
2. Philosophers have considered issues of justice and law for centuries, and several different
approaches, or schools of legal thought, have emerged.
3.When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the
political bands which have connected them with anotherr
4. The natural-law school has been very influential in American legal thinking.
5. Another international push for trade liberalization has come in the form of regional free trade
agreements.
6. Many countries have negotiated these agreements with neighboring countries or major trading
partners to promote even faster trade liberalization. In part, these have arisen because of the slow,
plodding pace of liberalization under the GATT/WTO. In part, the regional trade agreements have
occurred because countries have wished to promote interdependence and connectedness with
important economic or strategic trade partners.
7.Neuroscience has already reached a sufficient body of knowledge as to substantially improve
education and political decisions in this respect.
8. It has been over 20 years since “brain-based learning” emerged,
9.They have not taught unmotivated or struggling learners – earlygrades, high school, or college
developmental courses
10. Educational institutions have placed a great premium on the verbal/numerical categories and
have systematically eliminated those experiences that would assist young children's development of
visualization, imagination and/or sensory/perceptual abilities.
11. The neuroscientific study of childhood poverty has allowed the accumulation of evidence about
how the impact of the material and symbolic gaps due to poverty can affect the opportunities for
development and social inclusion throughout life.