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INGLES I
[1]
INGLES I
Reglamento…………………………………………………………………………...1
Estudio Independiente……………………………………………………………….2
10 sugerencias para administrar tu tiempo………………………………………...3
El tiempo disponible ejemplo………………………………………………………..4
Plan de estudios……………………………………………………………………...5
Índice
BLOQUE 1
VERB TO BE AND PERSONAL INFORMATION ........................................ 7
POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES, COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES............... 9
VOCABULARY: FAMILY, SEASONS, PROFESSIONS AND MONTHS......13
BLOQUE 2
FREQUENCY ADVERBS ........................................................................ 15
SIMPLE PRESENT ................................................................................... 17
LEISURE ACTIVITIES ................................................................................... 19
VOCABULARY FOR WORK AND STUDY .................................................... 21
BLOQUE 3
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE ....................................................................... 23
SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE …….. .................... 24
VOCABULARY FOR CLOTHING, WEATHER AND BODY PARTS .......... 26
BLOQUE4
COUNTABLE NOUNS AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ............................. 29
HOW MUCH AND HOW MANY ................................................................. 31
WH QUESTIONS .......................................................................................... 34
PLURALS .................................................................................................. 35
[2]
REGLAMENTO
1. El Colegio de Educación Media Superior Abierta tiene reconocimiento de validez oficial
de estudios (RVOE) de la Secretaría de Educación del Gobierno del Estado (SEGE).
Acuerdo B0170, clave de centro de trabajo 24PBH0125
2. El plan de estudios es de la Dirección General de Bachillerato (DGB) y es válido en todo
el país. Consta de tres módulos: Módulo Básico (31 asignaturas), Módulo
Propedéutico (8 asignaturas) y Módulo de Formación para el Trabajo (1
especialidad).
3. El estudiante puede presentar exámenes por materia agrupando asignaturas seriadas
excepto matemáticas quedando de la siguiente manera: Modulo Básico (20 materias),
Módulo Propedéutico (4 materias) y Módulo de Formación para el Trabajo (1
especialidad)
4. Al concluir sus estudios se entrega un certificado de Bachillerato General, válido para
cualquier carrera en cualquier Institución de educación superior en todo el país.
5. Se reconocen los estudios parciales realizados en cualquier institución de
educación media superior presentando un certificado parcial legalizado de la escuela
de procedencia, se tramita una equivalencia de estudios ante Secretaría de Educación y
continúa con las asignaturas que le faltan para concluir sus estudios de Bachillerato.
6. La inscripción ante la Secretaría de Educación es Bimestral y se pueden reportar
máximo 8 asignaturas por bimestreposterior al bimestre de inscripción. La
inscripción y la presentación de exámenes en el Colegio es permanente.
7. Los requisitos para la inscripción en Secretaría de Educación: Certificado de
Secundaria, original, Acta de Nacimiento original, copia del CURP y Certificado
Parcial legalizado en caso de haber cursado estudios de bachillerato inconclusos.
No existe límite de edad para el ingreso.
8. El estudiante puede consultar sus calificaciones y obtener sus libros digitales gratuitos
en la página web del Colegio. Puede solicitar Constancias de Estudio (IMSS, Beca
Oportunidades o trámites de estudios superiores), Credencial (boletur, descuentos en
pasajes foráneos, museos)
9. Por ser un modelo no escolarizado el tiempo de término de estudios del bachillerato
depende del ritmo de estudio del alumno, sin embargo se pueden determinar los
siguientes periodos:
1 examen por semana 10 meses
1 examen por quincena 20 meses (1 año y medio)
1 examen por mes 40 meses (3 años 4 meses)
Estos tiempos pueden disminuir si el alumno tiene estudios parciales previos.
[3]
10. El estudiante que no presente examen en tres meses consecutivos será dado de
baja en la Secretaría de Educación. Para continuar sus estudios deberá solicitar un
certificado parcial de las asignaturas acreditadas e inscribirse nuevamente
ESTUDIO INDEPENDIENTE
Las características y habilidades para el estudio independiente no se reducen a un contexto
exclusivamente escolar. Esto quiere decir que la independencia se conforma a lo largo de la vida, es un
proceso donde el individuo se enfrenta a diversas situaciones que tiene que resolver en distintos ámbitos
como son el laboral o el familiar e incluso dentro de su comunidad, en los que influyen, por supuesto,
factores de carácter social y cultural.
Pero es la escuela, la entidad socialmente encargada de dotar de las destrezas o habilidades que le
permitan al sujeto, desarrollar de manera consciente métodos de aprendizaje, sobre todo si deseamos
que el postulado de la educación permanente, “aprender durante toda la vida”, realmente se cumpla.
El estudio independiente puede considerarse como un proceso dirigido hacia el autocontrol y la
autoevaluación y entenderse como una actividad orientada hacia la formación de habilidades que
permitan la construcción ininterrumpida de conocimiento y aprendizaje.
Existen muchos elementos para justificar la necesidad de fomentar el estudio independiente en los
sistemas de educación abierta o a distancia, el principal queremos encontrarlo en el hecho de que a
menos que el estudiante participe activamente en la adquisición de sus propios conocimientos estas
modalidades educativas como formadoras del estudiante, carecen de sentido. Si los objetivos de estos
sistemas no van solamente hacia la acumulación de conceptos, el estudio independiente debe ser una
parte indispensable del proceso formativo.
El estudio independiente tiene implícita la idea de que el aprendizaje requerido para un proceso formativo
puede ser incorporado no sólo en el salón de clases o bajo la tutela del maestro sino que el alumno tiene
la responsabilidad de trabajar de manera independiente y trascender lo que ha sido enseñado en el aula,
en las diferentes áreas y dimensiones del saber.
El estudio independiente lleva consigo la responsabilidad de la propia formación por parte del alumno y
esto es importante si consideramos que el sistema educativo ha estado renunciando al proceso formativo
y la creación de un aprendizaje colectivo es muy difícil en los sistemas de educación abierta, en donde la
posibilidad de interacción está limitada. No estamos hablando acerca de una nueva moda educativa.
Estamos hablando de una competencia humana básica, de la capacidad de aprender por uno mismo, que
de repente se ha convertido en un requisito previo en este mundo nuevo.
Las personas que toman la iniciativa en el auto aprendizaje, tienen más posibilidades de retener lo que
aprenden que el estudiante pasivo y esta iniciativa está más en sintonía con nuestros procesos naturales
de desarrollo psicológico, pero es importante añadir que la disposición para la autodirección de las
personas es variable, lo que exige diversos grados de asistencia por parte de la institución y de los
asesores, especialmente durante el desarrollo de las habilidades de estudio independiente.
Estamos hablando de un conjunto de acciones porque el estudiante pone en práctica algunas
herramientas cognoscitivas que ha venido consolidando a lo largo de su vida académica y otras que
experimenta para resolver problemas específicos, las cuales le facilitan y hacen más efectiva o
satisfactoria su labor de aprendizaje. Se trata de una labor consciente, y esta conciencia en el acto de
estudiar es un elemento fundamental que permite comprender y emprender acciones permanentes de
estudio independiente.
El estudio independiente necesita rescatar la noción de responsabilidad personal, entendida como el
hecho de que un individuo asuma la titularidad de sus pensamientos y acciones.
En conclusión el estudio independiente es el sistema de estudio que deposita en el alumno, la mayor
responsabilidad de su aprendizaje de acuerdo con sus posibilidades, características, vivencias y
[4]
necesidades, estimulándolo para que utilice al máximo sus propios recursos
conveniente y oportuno
conforme lo considere
La asesoría o tutoría es el sistema de estudio que se basa en el proceso de auto aprendizaje y el asesor
es un programador de experiencias didácticas y un orientador del proceso; esta modalidad de estudio no
implica la asistencia a clases.
10 SUGERENCIAS PARA ADMINISTRAR TU TIEMPO
1. ¡Mantente alerta! La mayoría de la pérdida de tiempo ocurre por distracciones.
Distracción es cuando tu atención está en otra cosa o en otra parte que no sea lo
importante que sucede a tu alrededor.
2. Cambia la rutina. Pregúntate: ¿Qué parte de mi rutina puedo cambiar o modificar
para que mi productividad aumente?
3. Mantente en movimiento. Entre más activo estés, más alerta te sentirás.
4. Usa “objetivos espontáneos”. Éstos son ideas dirigidas hacia un resultado
deseado que surge espontáneamente. Pregúntate: ¿Cuál es el resultado final de
esta actividad?
5. No realices muchas actividades simultáneamente. Trata de trabajar a la vez que
requiera concentración.
6. Líbrate del papeleo. Existen solamente tres opciones: basura, archivo o acción.
7. Utiliza tu tiempo libre en algo importante en qué ocuparte (archivar, organizar,
adelantar algo, estudiar, capacitarte…)
8. Sé claro y conciso. Cuando expliques algo a alguien, hazlo de manera sencilla,
clara, breve y con los datos suficientes. Así no tendrás que estar explicando lo
mismo varias veces.
9. Toma un descanso mental. Cuando estés bloqueado y parece que no puedes
avanzar, respira hondo varias veces para relajarte, trata de pensar en algo
agradable y luego retoma lo que estás haciendo, con la mente fresca.
[5]
10. Sé puntual y organiza tus actividades. Una manera casi infalible de llegar a
tiempo es planear llegar más temprano. La mejor forma de optimizar el tiempo
es planear todas nuestras actividades.
EL TIEMPO DISPONIBLE
EJEMPLO
ACTIVIDADES
LUNES
MARTES
MIÉRCOLES
DORMIR
DESAYUNO
COMIDA
CENA
TRABAJO
TRANSPORTE
FAMILIA
DEPORTE
TELEVISIÓN
ASEO PERSONAL
ESTUDIO
INDIVIDUAL
ASESORÍAS
[6]
JUEVES
VIERNES
SÁBADO
DOMINGO
TOTAL
TIEMPO
DISPONIBLE
[7]
PLAN DE ESTUDIOS
PRIMER SEMESTRE:
SEGUNDO SEMESTRE:
TERCER SEMESTRE:
ALG001
Matemáticas I
TRI002
Matemáticas II
GAN003
Matemáticas III
QUI001
Química I
QUI002
Química II
GEO003
Geografía
EYV001
Ética y Valores I
EYV002
Ética y Valores II
FIS-003 Física I
ISC001
Introducción a las
Ciencias Soc.
HDM002
Historia de México I
HDM003
LYR001
Taller de Lectura y
Redacción I
LYR002
Taller de Lectura y
Redacción II
LIT-003 Literatura I
ING001
Lengua adicional al
español I
ING002
Lengua adicional al
español II
ING003
INF001
Informática I
INF002
Informática II
CUARTO SEMESTRE:
QUINTO SEMESTRE:
Historia de México II
Lengua adicional al
español III
SEXTO SEMESTRE:
FUN004
Matemática IV
BIO005
Biología II
FIL-006
Filosofía
BIO004
Biología I
HUC005
Historia Universal
Contemporánea
EYM006
Ecología y Medio
Ambiente
FIS004
Física II
MDI006
Metodología de la
Investigación
ESM- Estructura
004
Socioeconómica de
México
LITLiteratura II
004
ING004
Lengua adicional al
español IV
FORMACION PARA EL TRABAJO:_______________________
[8]
BLOQUE 1
MAINGOAL: BY THE END OF THIS BLOCK, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO DESCRIBE
PROPERLY PEOPLE AND OBJECTS AND COMPARE THEM ACCURATELY USING
THE CORRECT ADJECTIVE.
KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED
VERB TO BE AND PERSONAL INFORMATION.
POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES
COUNTRIES
NATIONALITIES
VOCABULARY: FAMILY, SEASONS, PROFESSIONS,
NUMBERS AND MONTHS
ATTITUDES AND VALUES EMPHASIZED
TOLERANCE OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE.
AWARENESS OF NATIONAL AND PERSONAL
IDENTITY THROUGH COMPARISON WITH OTHER
CULTURES
SKILLS ACQUIRED
APPLICATION OF NEW VOCABULARY WORDS IN
NEW CONTEXTS
[9]
LESSON 1
SECTION 1.
NUMBERS (0-100).
Los números en inglés del 1 al 20 son los que cambian de forma en su escritura y a la
vez presentan rasgos comunes. Los números del 13 al 19 terminan igual y son los años
que corresponden a la adolescencia por eso a los adolescentes en ingles se les dice
teenagers(teen porque están en sus años teen y agers por la edad)
One-Uno.
Eleven-Once.
Two-Dos.
Twelve-Doce.
Three-Tres.
Thirteen-Trece.
Four-Cuatro.
Fourteen-Catorce.
Five-Cinco.
Fifteen-Quince.
Six-Seis.
Sixteen-Dieciséis.
Seven-Siete.
Seventeen-Diecisiete.
Eight-Ocho.
Eighteen-Dieciocho.
Nine-Nueve.
Nineteen-Diecinueve.
Ten-Diez.
Twenty-Veinte.
[10]
A partir del veinte (Twenty), los números que le siguen son “Numeros Regulares”
acumulativos: Twenty-one (veintinuno),twenty-two (veintidós)...así hasta el 30 (thirty),
al que le sigue thirty-one(treintayuno), 40 (forty), 50 (fifty), 60 (sixty), 70 (seventy), 80
(eighty), 90 (ninety) y 100 (one hundred).
Twenty-One.
(21) Forty-One.
(41) Sixty-One.
(61) Eighty-One.
(81)
Twenty-Two. (22)
Forty-Two. (42)
Sixty-Two. (62)
Eighty-Two. (82)
Twenty-Three. (23)
Forty-Three. (43)
Sixty-Three. (63)
Eighty-Three. (83)
Twenty-Four. (24)
Forty-Four. (44)
Sixty-Four. (64)
Eighty-Four. (84)
(25) Forty-Five. (45)
Sixty-Five. (65)
Eighty-Five. (85)
Twenty-Five.
Twenty-Six. (26)
Forty-Six. (46)
Sixty-Six. (66)
Eighty-Six. (86)
Twenty-
Forty-Seven. (47)
Sixty-Seven. (67)
Eighty-Seven. (87)
Seven. (27)
Forty-Eight. (48)
Sixty-Eight. (68)
Eighty-Eight. (88)
Twenty-Eight. (28)
Forty-Nine. (49)
Sixty-Nine. (69)
Eighty-Nine. (89)
Twenty-Nine. (29)
Fifty. (50)
Seventy. (70)
Ninety. (90)
Thirty. (30)
Fifty-One.
Thirty-One.
(31) Fifty-Two. (52)
(51) Seventy-One. (71) Ninety-One.
(91)
Seventy-Two. (72)
Ninety-Two. (92)
Thirty-Two. (32)
Fifty-Three. (53)
Seventy-
Ninety-Three. (93)
Thirty-Three. (33)
Fifty-Four. (54)
Three. (73)
Ninety-Four. (94)
Thirty-Four. (34)
Fifty-Five. (55)
Seventy-Four. (74)
Ninety-Five. (95)
Thirty-Five. (35)
Fifty-Six. (56)
Seventy-Five. (75)
Ninety-Six. (96)
Thirty-Six. (36)
Fifty-Seven. (57)
Seventy-Six. (76)
Ninety-Seven. (97)
Thirty-Seven. (37)
Fifty-Eight. (58)
Seventy-
Ninety-Eight. (98)
Thirty-Eight. (38)
Fifty-Nine. (59)
Seven. (77)
Ninety-Nine. (99)
Thirty-Nine. (39)
Sixty. (60)
Seventy-Eight. (78) One
Forty. (40)
Seventy-Nine. (79)
Eighty. (80)
[11]
hundred. (100)
Los números del 100 al 1000 son:
100 (one hundred), 200, (two hundred), 300 (three hundred).....así hasta el 1000
(one thousand), 2000 (two thousand), 3000 (three thousand)...y así hasta 1 millón
(one milion), 2 millones ( Two milion)....
100 one hundred
130 one hundred and thirty
101 one hundred and one
131 one hundred and thirty one
102 one hundred and two
....
103 one hundred and three
140 one hundred and forty
104 one hundred and four
...
105 one hundred and five
150 one hundred and fifty
106 one hundred and six
...
107 one hundred and seven
160 one hundred and sixty
108 one hundred and eight
...
109 one hundred and nine
170 one hundred and seventy
110 one hundred and ten
...
111 one hundred and eleven
112 one hundred and twelve
180 one hundred and eighty
113 one hundred and thirteen
...
114 one hundred and fourteen
190 one hundred and ninety
115 one hundred and fifteen
200 two hundred
116 one hundred and sixteen
300 three hundred
117 one hundred and seventeen
400 four hundred
118 one hundred and eighteen
500 five hundred
119 one hundred and nineteen
600 six hundred
120 one hundred and twenty
700 seven hundred
121 one hundred and twenty one
800 eight hundred
122 one hundred and twenty two
900 nine hundred
...
1000 one thousand
[12]
Exercise 1
eighteen
____
one hundred and eleven
____
twelve
____
three hundred and seventy-four
____
fourteen
____
seven hundred and eighty-nine
____
twenty
____
two thousand six hundred and twenty-one
____
thirty-one
____
five thousand four hundred and thirty-two
____
forty-
____
sixteen thousand seven hundred and ninety-
____
fifty-eight
____
thirty-seven thousand nine hundred and thirteen
____
sixty-seven
____
Exercise 2
NOW YOU WRITE THE WORDS FOR THE NUMBERS
11
___________________________________________
29
___________________________________________
44
___________________________________________
209
___________________________________________
677
___________________________________________
892
___________________________________________
[13]
SECTION 2
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES.
Los adjetivos posesivos en inglés son: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their. Hacen
referencia a quien posee y no a lo poseído. En general preceden a sustantivos.
Exemplos
my(mái) - mi, mis
your(iór) - tu, tus / su, sus (de usted)
his(jis) - su, sus (de él)
her(jer) - su, sus (de ella)
its(its) - su, sus (de algo)
our(áuar) - nuestro/a/os/as
your(iór) - su, sus (de ustedes/vosotros)
their(dér) - su, sus (de ellos/as)
my job
my girlfriend
my friends
your name
his car
his house
her English class
her teachers
its roof
its culture
our planet
our money
your country
your help
their houses
their cars
mi trabajo
mi novia
mis amigos
tu nombre
su carro (él)
su casa (él)
su clase de inglés (ella)
sus maestros (ella)
su techo
su cultura
nuestro planeta
nuestro dinero
su país (ustedes)
su ayuda (ustedes)
su casa (ellos)
sus autos
[14]
Exercise 1
MATCH THE PERSON WITH THE OBJECT USING POSSESSIVES. THE FIRST ONE
IS DONE FOR YOU
book
1.
Her book
2.
__________________
bell
3.
__________________
ball
camera
4.
Me and my mother
__________________
[15]
SECTION 3
VERB “TO BE” PRESENT
¿POR QUÉ “TO”?
Algo que, al principio, le resulta difícil de entender a todo estudiante es que, en
castellano, el infinitivo de los verbos tiene tres terminaciones: ar (cantar), er (beber) e ir
(dormir). Más adelante observarás que los verbos ingleses tienen gran variedad de
terminaciones. Por ese motivo -con el único objetivo de unificación- a los verbos en
inglés se les antepone la preposición to para indicar que están "en infinitivo" (ejemplo,
to be = ser o estar).
Nota
VERB "TO BE"
POSITIVE
En inglés el verbo viene siempre
precedido por el pronombre personal
(sujeto de la oración). En castellano no
ocurre lo mismo: al comenzar una oración
podemos decir soy, estoy (sujeto tácito o
implícito) en reemplazo de yo soy, yo
estoy. Cabe insistir que, en inglés, el
pronombre I (yo) se escribe siempre con
mayúscula, ya sea que se encuentre al
principio o en el medio de una oración.
VERBO "SER - ESTAR" (PRESENTE)
AFIRMATIVO
ENGLISH
Normal
Contracted
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
I'm
You're
He's
She's
It's
We're
You are
They are
You're
They're
ESPAÑOL
Normal
Yo soy, estoy
Tú eres, estás
El es, está
Ella es, está
El/Ella es, está
Nosotros/as somos,
estamos
Ustedes son/están
Ellos/as son, están
[16]
Contracción
Soy, Estoy
Eres, Estás
Es, Está (para El)
Es, Está (para Ella)
Es, Está (para El o Ella)
Somos, Estamos
Son/Están
Son, Están (para Ellos o Ellas)
INTERROGATIVO
INTERROGATIVE
ENGLISH
Normal
Am I?
Are you?
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
Are we?
Are you?
Are they?
NEGATIVE
ESPAÑOL
Contracted
-
Normal
Contracción
¿Soy/Estoy yo?
¿Soy/Estoy?
¿Eres/Estás tú?
¿Es/Está él?
¿Es/Está ella?
¿Es/Esta él? ¿Es/Está
ella?
¿Somos/Estamos
nosotros?
¿Son/Están ustedes?
¿Son/Están ellos/as?
¿Eres/Estás?
¿Es/Está? (El)
¿Es/Está? (Ella)
¿Somos/Estamos?
¿Son/Están?
¿Son/Están? (Ellos o Ellas)
NEGATIVO
ENGLISH
Normal
¿Es/Está? (El o Ella)
ESPAÑOL
Contracted
Normal
Contracción
I am not
I'm not
Yo no soy/estoy
No soy/estoy
You are not
You're not
You aren't
Tú no eres/estás
No eres/estás
He is not
He's not
He isn't
El no es/está
No es/está
(para El)
She is not
She's not
She isn't
Ella no es/está
No es/está
(para Ella)
It is not
It's not
It isn't
El/Ella no es/está
No es/está
(para El o Ella)
We are not
We're not
We aren't
Nosotros/as no somos
Nosotros/as no estamos
No somos
No estamos
You are not
You're not
You aren't
Ustedes no son/están
No son/están
[17]
They are not
They're not
They aren't
Ellos/as no son/están
No son/están
(para Ellos o Ellas)
Exercise 1 Verb “To Be” Affirmative
WRITE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB TO BE IN PRESENT TO COMPLETE
THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
1. It _________ cold today.
2. I _________ at home now.
3. They _________ Korean.
4. My name _________ Nikita.
5. We _________ from Ukraine.
6. That _________ right.
7. I _________ OK, thanks.
8. Clara and Steve _________ married.
9. She _________ an English teacher.
Exercise 2 “To Be” Interrogative
WRITE QUESTIONS WITH THE VERB TO BE IN PRESENT TO COMPLETE THE
FOLLOWING SENTENCES (FOLLOW THE EXAMPLE).
Example: you / a good singer --> Are you a good singer?
1. David Bisbal / your favorite pop star?
_________________________________________________________
2. we / from England?
_________________________________________________________
3. you / twelve?
_________________________________________________________
4. your friends / good students?
_________________________________________________________
5. Messi / your favorite footballer?
_________________________________________________________
[18]
6. she / a good teacher?
_________________________________________________________
7. Martha / a tennis player?
_________________________________________________________
8. the dogs / under the table?
_________________________________________________________
9. the cat / in the garden?
_________________________________________________________
10. he / happy?
_________________________________________________________
Exercise 3 “To Be” Negative
WRITE THE NEGATIVE FORM OF THE VERB TO BE IN PRESENT TO COMPLETE
THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
1. We _______________ friends.
2. Mary and Mark _______________ doctors.
3. Peter _______________ a football player.
4. Blue _______________ herfavoritecolor.
5. Catherine _______________ from Italy.
6. The dogs _______________ white.
7. They _______________ English teachers.
8. A cat _______________ a dangerous animal.
9. The computer _______________ new.
10. The chairs _______________ old.
[19]
SECTION 4
DAYS AND MONTHS
EN INGLÉS LOS DÍAS DE LA SEMANA Y LOS MESES SON:
DÍAS DE LA SEMANA:(Siempre se escriben con mayúscula como nombres)
CASTELLANO
INGLÉS
LUNES
MARTES
MIÉRCOLES
JUEVES
VIERNES
SÁBADO
DOMINGO
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
MESES DEL AÑO:(Siempre se escriben con mayúscula como nombres)
CASTELLANO
INGLÉS
ENERO
FEBRERO
MARZO
ABRIL
MAYO
JUNIO
JULIO
AGOSTO
SEPTIEMBRE
OCTUBRE
NOVIEMBRE
DICIEMBRE
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
[20]
Exercise 1
UNSCRAMBLE AND WRITE THE DAY.
1. U S Y T E A D: __________________
2. A F R Y I D: __________________
3. U A N Y D S: __________________
4. A Y W D E D E N S: __________________
5. N A D Y O M: __________________
6. T S A R U Y A D: __________________
7. R H U D A T S Y: __________________
Exercise 2
ADD THE MISSING LETTER
1. ____ anuary
2. ____ bruary
3. ____ arch
4. ____ pril
5. ____ ay
6. ____ une
7. ____ uly
8. ____ ugust
9. ____ eptember
10. ____ ctober
11. ____ ovember
12. ____ ecember
[21]
SECTION 5
VOCABULARY
SEASONS
Las estaciones (seasons) del año en inglés son:
Summer – Verano
it's hot.
it's sunny.
In summer, people go to the beach.
People usually go on
holiday.
Autumn o Fall – Otoño
it's often windy.
In autumn, it's cloudy.
it's a bit cold.
Winter – Invierno
In winter, it's very cold.
it rains.
[22]
it's rainy.
it snows.
it's snowy.
Spring – Primavera
it's warm.
In spring, it's nice.
people go on a picnic.
Exercise 1
UNSCRAMBLE AND WRITE THE SEASON.
1. i g r p n s: __________________
2. u m s e m r: __________________
3. m a t u u n: __________________
4. e r w i n t: __________________
COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES
Algunos países y sus nacionalidades en inglés son:
País
AUSTRALIA
BELGIUM
BOLIVIA
BRAZIL
BULGARIA
CANADA
CHILE
CHINA
COLOMBIA
FRANCE
FINLAND
ICELAND
INDIA
ITALY
Nacionalidad
AUSTRALIAN
BELGIAN
BOLIVIAN
BRAZILIAN
BULGARIAN
CANADIAN
CHILEAN
CHINESE
COLOMBIAN
FRENCH
FINNISH
ICELANDER
INDIAN
ITALIAN
[23]
Pronunciación
ostréilia, austréilian
bélyium, bélyian
bolí:via, bolí:vian
bresíl, bresílian
bulgária, bulgárian
kánada, kanéidian
chíle, chiléan
cháina, chainí:s
kolómbia, kolómbian
frans, frénch
fínland, fínish
áisland, aislánder
índia, índian
ítali, itálian
MEXICO
PERU
the PHILIPPINES
RUSSIA
SCOTLAND
the UNITED KINGDOM
the UNITED STATES
VENEZUELA
MEXICAN
PERUVIAN
FILIPINO
RUSSIAN
SCOTTISH
BRITISH
AMERICAN
VENEZUELAN
méksikou, méksikan
perú, perúvian
de fílipins, filipínou
rásha, ráshan
skótland, skótish
di iunáitit kíngdom, brítish
di iunáitit stéits, amérikan
venesuéla, venesuélan
Exercise 2
LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE AND WRITE.
He is from China.
1. China
He is Chinese.
__________________
2. Japan
__________________
__________________
3. Australia
__________________
__________________
4. France
__________________
__________________
5. Spain
__________________
__________________
6. England
__________________
[24]
[25]
FAMILY
LOS MIEMBROS DE LA FAMILIA EN INGLÉS SON (su pronunciación se
tiene de los paréntesis:
aunt(ant) - tía
brother(bróder) - hermano
brother-in-law(bróder in ló) - cuñado
children(children) - hijos
husband(jásband) - esposo
mom, mommy(mam, mámi) - mami, mamita
mother(máder) - madre
mother-in-law(máder in ló) - suegra
cousin(kósin) - primo/a
dad, daddy(dád, dádi) - papi, papito
daughter(dóter) - hija
daughter-in-law(dóter in ló) - nuera
nephew(néfiu) - sobrino
niece(níis) - sobrina
only child(óunli cháild) - hijo/a único/a
orphan(órfan) - huérfano
father(fáder) - padre
father-in-law(fáder in ló) - suegro
first-born(férst-bórn) - primogénito
goddaughter(god dóter) - ahijada
parents(pérents) - padres
sister(síster) - hermana
sister-in-law(síster in ló) - cuñada
son(san) - hijo
godfather(god fáder) - padrino
godmother(god máder) - madrina
godson(gód son) - ahijado
grandchildren(gránd chíldren) - nietos
son-in-law(san in ló) - yerno
stepdaughter(stép dóter) - hijastra
stepfather(stép fáder) - padrastro
stepmother(stép máder) - madrastra
granddaughter(gránd dóter) - nieta
grandfather(gránd fáder) - abuelo
grandmother(gránd máder) - abuela
grandparents(gránd párents) - abuelos
stepson(stép son) - hijastro
uncle(ankl) - tío
wife(uáif) - esposa
grandson(gránd son) - nieto
great-grandfather(gréit gránd fáder) bisabuelo
great-grandmother(gréit gránd máder) bisabuela
great-grandparents(gréit- gránd párents) bisabuelos
Exercise 3
FILL IN THE CORRECT FAMILY MEMBER.
1. My mother's sister is my ________________.
2. My daughter's brother is my ________________.
3. My father's daughter is my ________________.
4. My mum and dad are my ________________.
5. My sister's son is my ________________.
[26]
6. My aunt's son or daughter is my ________________.
7. My father's brother is my ________________.
8. My mother's father is my ________________.
9. My daughter's son is my ________________.
10. My brother's daughter is my ________________.
PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS
Algunas profesiones y ocupaciones o trabajos se enlistan a continuación:
accountant
actor
actress
air hostess
architect
contador
actor
actriz
azafata
arquitecto
model
mailman (US)
nanny
nurse
inspector
astronaut
astronauta
interior designer
au-pair, babysitter
baker
bank clerk
beekeeper
niñera
panadero
empleado bancario
apicultor
barbero, peluquero
(de hombre)
librero
albañil
conductor de autobús
carnicero
farmacéutico
deshollinador
asesor
cocinero
oficial de aduanas
dentista
disc jockey, DJ
médico
conductor
instructor de manejo
basurero
electricista
empleado
ingeniero
obrero
agricultor
jeweller
journalist
office worker
painter
modelo
cartero
niñera
enfermera
inspector
diseñador de
interiores
joyero
periodista
oficinista
pintor
photographer
fotógrafo
pilot
plumber
policeman
policewoman
politician
postman (GB)
office worker
psychiatrist
psychologist
receptionist
reporter
sailor
salesman
scientist
secretary
security guard
shepherd
shoemaker
singer
soldier
piloto
fontanero, plomero
policía
mujer policía
político
cartero
oficinista
psiquiatra
psicólogo
recepcionista
reportero
marinero
vendedor
científico
secretario
guardia de seguridad
pastor
zapatero
cantante
soldado
barber
bookseller
bricklayer
bus driver
butcher
chemist
chimney-sweeper
consultant
cook
customs officer
dentist
disc jockey, DJ
doctor
driver
driving instructor
dustman
electrician
employee
engineer
factory worker
farmer
[27]
fashion designer
firefighter , fireman
fisherman
gardener
graphic designer
hairdresser
inspector
interior designer
diseñador de moda
bombero
pescador
jardinero
diseñador gráfico
peluquero (de mujer)
inspector
diseñador de
interiores
jeweller
joyero
journalist
judge
lawyer
periodista
juez
abogado
librarian
bibliotecario
lifeguard
lorry driver
mechanic
meson
salvavidas, socorrista
camionero
mecánico
albañil
sports instructor
stockbroker
student
surgeon
tailor
taxi driver
teacher
instructor de deportes
agente de bolsa
estudiante
cirujano
sastre
taxista
profesor, maestro
technician
técnico
telemarketer, telesales
person
tourist guide
translator
university lecturer
vet (GB), veterinarian
(US)
waiter
waitress
watchmaker
writer
persona que vende por
teléfono
guía turística
traductor
profesor universitario
veterinario
camarero
camarera
relojero
escritor
Exercise 4
WRITE THE NAME OF THE FOLLOWING PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS.
1. _______
2. _______
3. _______
4. _______
5. _______
6. _______
7. _______
8. _______
[28]
BLOQUE 2
MAINGOAL: BY THE END OF THIS BLOCK, YOU WILL BE
ABLE TO TALK ABOUT THE PRESENT, LEISURE ACTIVITIES
AND CHORES.
KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED
SIMPLE PRESENT
FREQUENCY ADVERBS
LEISURE ACTIVITIES.
VOCABULARY FOR WORK AND STUDY.
ATTITUDES AND VALUES EMPHASIZED
TOLERANCE OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE.
SKILLS ACQUIRED
ASKING AND ANSWERING QUESTIONS ABOUT THE
PRESENT.
EXPRESSING ABOUT TIME.
USE OF VOCABULARY RELATED TO WORK AND
STUDY.
USE OF AUXILIARY DO/DOES.
[29]
LESSON 2
SECTION 1
SIMPLE PRESENT
AFFIRMATIVE
El presente simple afirmativo se forma con el infinitivo del verbo sin "to".
En la 3ª persona del singular (he, she, it) se añade una -s final al verbo.
I play
Yo juego
You play Tú juegas
He plays Él juega
She plays Ella juega
It plays
Juega
We play
Nosotros jugamos
You play ustedes juegan
They play Ellos juegan
EJEMPLOS
I work as a secretary Trabajo como secretaria
You call her every day La llamas todos los días
He finishes his job
Termina su trabajo
She goes home
Se va a casa
It matters a lot
Importa mucho
We study maths
Estudiamos matemáticas
You use a dictionary
Usan un diccionario
They like ice creams
Les gustan los helados
[30]
Formación de la 3ª persona
Como regla general, hemos dicho que la 3ª persona del singular en presente simple
lleva una -s final. Pero hay excepciones según el verbo termine en -y, -o, -ch, -sh, -ss,
-x.
1 Si el verbo acaba en -y precedida de una consonante, se cambia la -y por -ies.
To cry
She cries Ella llora
To study He studies Él estudia
To fly
It flies
Vuela
2 Si la terminación -y va precedida de una vocal, como hemos visto antes como el
verbo "to play", sólo se le añadirá una -s.
He plays (él estudia).
3 Si el verbo acaba en -o precedida de una consonante, se añadirá -es.
(To do) He does Él hace
(To go) She goes Ella va
4 Si el verbo acaba en -ch, -sh, -ss, -x, se añade -es.
(To watch) She watches Ella ve
(To wash) he washes
Él lava
(To pass) She passes Ella aprueba
(To fix)
He fixes
Él arregla
Exercise 1
ARRANGE THE WORDS TO MAKE AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES IN SIMPLE
PRESENT.
1. I / to collect stamps
________________________________________________________
2. we / to play card games
________________________________________________________
[31]
3. he / to read comics
________________________________________________________
4. Chris / to sing in a band
________________________________________________________
5. we / to have a hamster
________________________________________________________
6. Andy and John / to like cola
________________________________________________________
7. she / to be nice
________________________________________________________
8. they / to help their parents
________________________________________________________
9. the children / to speak English
________________________________________________________
10 I / to buy a newspaper every Saturday
________________________________________________________
[32]
SIMPLE PRESENT
NEGATIVE
La estructura del presente simple en forma negativa es:
Sujeto + do/does + not + verbo + ...
Forma larga
Forma corta
I do not play
I don't play
You do not play
You don't play
He does not play He doesn't play
She does not play She doesn't play
It does not play
It doesn't play
We do not play
We don't play
You do not play
You don't play
They do not
They don't play
EJEMPLOS
I do not live in London
No vivo en Londres
You don't have any pets
No tienes mascotas
He does not understand him
No lo comprende
She doesn't write a letter
No escribe una carta
It does not work
No funciona
We don't play tennis
No jugamos al tenis
You do not watch TV
No ven la televisión
They don't remember anything No recuerdan nada
[33]
Para indicar que es
negativo se usa el
auxiliar Do y Does para
terceras personas. No
tiene
significadoúnicamente
indica que en este caso
es un negativo al
seguirle NOT.
Exercise 2
WRITE THE NEGATION OF THE VERBS IN BOLD.
1) They play volleyball every week.
They ___________ volleyball every week.
2) John is nice.
John ___________ nice.
3) This car makes a lot of noise.
This car ___________ a lot of noise.
4) I like computer games.
I ___________ computer games.
5) We are from Greece.
We ___________ from Greece.
6) You wear pullovers.
You ___________ pullovers.
7) They speak English.
They ___________ English.
8) He watches TV.
He ___________ TV.
9) I am from Spain.
I ___________ from Spain.
10) Steve draws nice pictures.
Steve ___________ nice pictures.
[34]
SIMPLE PRESENT
INTERROGATIVE
La forma interrogativa tiene dos opciones, preguntar afirmativamente o
negativamente.
AFIRMATIVO
Do/does + sujeto + verbo?
Forma larga
NEGATIVO
Do/does + sujeto + not + verbo?
Forma corta
Don´t/doesn´t + sujeto + verbo?
AFIRMATIVO
NEGATIVO
Do I play...?
Do I not play...?
Don't I play...?
Do you play...?
Do you not play...?
Don't you play...?
Does he play...?
Does he not play...?
Doesn't he play...?
Does she play...?
Does she not play...?
Doesn't she play...?
Does it play...?
Does it not play...?
Doesn't it play...?
Do we play...?
Do we not play...?
Don't we play...?
Do you play...?
Do you not play...?
Don't you play...?
Do they play...?
Do they not play...?
Don't they play...?
Ejemplos
Do I eat this dessert?
¿Me como este postre?
Don't you speak English?
¿No hablas inglés?
Does he know him?
¿Le conoce?
Doesn't she play the violin?
¿No toca el violin?
Does it float?
¿Flota?
Don't we study this subject? ¿No estudiamos este tema?
Do you go to the cinema?
[35]
¿Vais al cine?
Don't they smoke?
¿No fuman?
Exercise 3
PUT IN THE CORRECT VERB FORMS AND THE NOUNS INTO THE GAPS. USE
SIMPLE PRESENT.
1. ________to school? (You/to walk)
2. ________a banana in the morning? (Ronda/to eat)
3. ________parrots? (Your father/to like)
4. ________a room with her sister? (Wendy/to share)
5. ________a lot in England? (It/to rain)
6. ________sports after school? (The friends/to do)
7. ________camping in summer? (Susan and Jack/to go)
8. ________their friends to the party? (They/to invite)
9. ________ at the bus stop? (We/to wait)
10. ________ in the mornings? (He/to smile)
[36]
SECTION 2
FREQUENCY ADVERBS
Los adverbios de frecuencia como su nombre lo indica, nos sirven para saber con
qué frecuencia o periodicidad un sujeto realiza una acción determinada.
Para saber cuándo debemos utilizarlos, aquí una lista de los adverbios de frecuencia
más comunes en inglés. La lista está en orden de periodicidad con la que se realiza la
acción: comenzando por “siempre” y terminando por “nunca”.
Always (siempre) – la acción se realiza 100% del tiempo
•
•
How frequently do you think of me? (¿Con qué frecuencia piensas en mi?)
Always, I can’t stop thinking of you. (Siempre. No puedo dejar de pensar en ti.)
Frequently (frecuentemente)
•
•
How often do you practice sport? (¿Qué tan a menudo haces deporte?)
Frequently, because I love swimming. (Frecuentemente, porque me encanta
nadar.)
Usually o Normally (usualmente o normalmente)
•
•
Karen, do you know what time is John going to arrive? (Karen, ¿sabes a qué
hora va a llegar Juan?)
No, John usually arrives late. (No, Juan normalmente llega tarde.)
Often (a menudo)
•
•
Do you often come here? (¿Vienes aquí a menudo?)
Not very often, and you? (No muy a menudo, ¿y tú?)
Sometimes (algunas veces)
•
•
How frequently do you go out with your friends? (¿Qué tan seguido sales con tus
amigos?)
I just sometimes go out with them. (Solo algunas veces salgo con ellos.)
Occasionally (ocasionalmente)
•
•
Do you often play chess? (¿Juegas ajedrez a menudo?)
No, I occasionally play chess. (No. Juego ajedrez ocasionalmente.)
[37]
Seldom o Hardly ever (pocas veces)
•
•
Have you tried to speak to them? (¿Has tratado de hablar con ellos?)
Yes, but they are seldom at the office when we call. (Si, pero muy pocas veces
están en la oficina cuando llamamos.)
Rarely (rara vez)
•
•
Is it always this cold in February? (¿Es siempre así de frío en febrero?)
No, it rarely gets that cold this time of the year. (No. Es raro que haga tanto frío
en esta época del año.)
Never (nunca)
•
•
Have you seen this film before? (¿Has visto esta película antes?)
No, I have never seen it. (No, nunca la he visto.)
Reglas gramaticales de los adverbios de frecuencia en inglés o frequency
adverbs
Los adverbios de frecuencia los puedes colocar en distintos lugares de la oración:
1.- Si la oración tiene un verbo (no un verbo auxiliar), coloca el adverbio de frecuencia
después del sujeto y antes del verbo.
•
Diana usually calls after dinner. (Diana normalmente habla después de la cena.)
2.- Si la oración tiene el verbo “to be”, coloca el adverbio de frecuencia después del
verbo “be”.
•
Rachel isoften at her office early in the morning. (Raquel esta a menudo en su
oficina temprano en la mañana.)
3.- Si la oración tiene más de un verbo (de los cuales uno es auxiliar), coloca el
adverbio de frecuencia antes del verbo principal.
•
I can never do anything when my kid is sick. (Nunca puedo hacer nada cuando
mi hijo está enfermo.)
4.- Cuando utilizas los adverbios de frecuencia en preguntas o en la forma negativa,
coloca el adverbio de frecuencia antes del verbo principal.
•
•
•
Do you usually brush your teeth after each meal? (¿Normalmente te lavas los
dientes después de cada comida?)
Yes, I always brush my teeth after each meal. (Sí, siempre me lavo los dientes
después de cada comida.)
She doesn’t often go shopping. (Ella no suele ir de compras.)
[38]
5.- Cuando contestas alguna pregunta, normalmente el adverbio de frecuencia lo
colocas al principio seguido de una coma, a menos que tu respuesta sea más completa.
•
•
Normally, I get up at around at 7 a.m. (Normalmente me levanto alrededor de las
7.)
On weekends and holidays, I always get up late. (Los fines de semana y en
vacaciones, siempre me levanto tarde.)
Exercise 1
REWRITE THE COMPLETE SENTENCE USING THE ADVERB IN BRACKETS
IN ITS CORRECT POSITION.
1) He listens to the radio. (Often)
_________________________________________
2) They read a book. (Sometimes)
_________________________________________
3) Pete gets angry. (Never)
_________________________________________
4) Tom is very friendly. (Usually)
_________________________________________
5) I take sugar in my coffee. (Sometimes)
_________________________________________
6) Ramon and Frank are hungry. (Often)
_________________________________________
7) My grandmother goes for a walk in the evening. (Always)
_________________________________________
[39]
8) Walter helps his father in the kitchen. (Usually)
_________________________________________
9) They watch TV in the afternoon. (Never)
_________________________________________
10) Christine smokes. (Never)
_________________________________________
[40]
SECTION 3
VOCABULARY
LEISURE ACTIVITIES
Free time = the time when you are not working, when you can choose what you do.
Free time = leisure time
LEISURE ACTIVITIES
Go to the cinema - to see Hollywood blockbuster movies, Bollywood movies (from
India), art films, animated films. You can also say go to the movies.
Some film categories are: Comedy, Drama, Horror, Thriller, Action, Science Fiction (SciFi), Fantasy, Documentary, Musical.
Watch TV - Different types of television programs are: The News, Soap Operas,
Criminal Investigation Dramas, Medical Dramas, Reality TV, Situation Comedies (SitComs), Talk Shows, Documentaries, Cartoons, Game Shows, Sports programs, Movies,
Political programs, Religious programs.
Spend time with family - You can do many things with your family. Usually, the fact
that you are together is more important than the activity.
[41]
Go out with friends - You can also do many things with your friends, like go out to a
bar, go dancing at a club, have dinner at a restaurant, play a sport, sit down and talk, go
out for a coffee, have a barbecue, or any other activity that you all enjoy. Or sometimes
when you don't do anything specific, you can say hang out with friends.
Surf the internet - On the internet, you can research a topic you are interested in using
a search engine, visit your favourite websites, watch music videos, create your own
video and upload it for other people to see, maintain contact with your friends using a
social networking site, write your thoughts in a blog, learn what is happening in the world
by reading news websites, etc.
Play video games - You can play games on your computer or on a game consoles, like
PlayStation, X-Box, Wii, PSP, Gameboy, etc. You can play on your own or with your
friends or family.
Play a musical instrument - Learn to play the piano, guitar, violin, cello, flute, piano
accordion, mouth organ, panpipes, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet, etc. You can play on
your own or with a group, such as a band or an orchestra.
Listen to music - Turn up the volume and listen to your favourite type of music, such as
pop, rock, hip hop, rhythm & blues, blues, jazz, classical, soul, heavy metal.
Read - Many people love to read both fiction and non-fiction books and magazines. If
you like fiction, you can read novels, short stories, crime fiction, romance, etc. If you like
non-fiction, you can read biographies, autobiographies, or books on history, science,
philosophy, religion, or any other topic you are interested in.
Write - Many people like to write in their diary. Another name for a diary is a journal. You
can also write many other things, such as poetry, novels, letters, short stories, etc. (See
under Read for more options).
Go to the park - You can go to the park alone, with family or with friends. You can take
a picnic rug and a picnic basket and have a picnic. You can read, sleep, kick a football
around, climb trees or play on the children's playground.
Go to cultural locations and events - There are many types of cultural locations and
events. You can go to the museum, to an art gallery or to the zoo to see animals from
around the world. You can go to concerts, plays, musicals, dance recitals and opera
performances.
Go shopping - Many people like to go to shopping malls and areas of the city that are
known for shopping to buy clothes or items for their houses and gardens.
Cook - Many people like to cook different types of food. You can make meals for
breakfast, lunch and dinner. You can bake cakes, cookies, slices and pastries in the
oven. Some people boast that they have a special recipe - ask them to cook it for you!
[42]
Study something - There are many things that you can study just because you find it
interesting! You can study a language; you can learn a skill, such as cooking or making
furniture; or you can even study the hieroglyphs of the ancient Egyptians, if you want to!
Art and crafts - There are many, many arts and crafts that you can learn and practice.
You can paint, draw, sew, crochet, knit, sculpt, engrave, make furniture, make jewelry,
or you can even create your own new art form!
Gardening - You can plant flowers, vegetables or herbs and maintain your garden by
watering it, pulling the weeds and feeding it with fertilizer.
Exercise and play a sport - To stay fit and healthy, you can do exercise alone, such as
swimming or working out at a gym, or you can play a team sport, such as football or
basketball. For more information on sports and exercise, go to our Sports Page.
Exercise 1
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT WORD FROM
THE CHART.
cycle
chess
dancing
photographs
a voluntary worker
1.
Maggy would like to be a ballerina. So, she just can't miss her
____________lessons.
2.
It is rainy today. Why don't you play ____________ with your
grandfather?
3.
You take very nice ____________.
[43]
4.
I've bought a little boat. Instead of going for a ____________
ride tomorrow?
5.
I don't have free time anymore. I am ____________
after my work, I meet my partners.
and
VOCABULARY
STUDY
SCHOOL SUBJECTS
Business Studies: Here you learn about how the business world works.
Drama: A class where you can try acting and learn about the theatre.
Economics: Here we learn about how trade, industry and money is organised in the
world.
Geography: The study of the world's land, rivers, mountains, weather and how it all
works.
History: The study of the past and how past events shaped our world.
Mathematics (alsoMath in USA; Maths in UK):The study of numbers, shapes and
spaces.
Physical Education: Learning how to play sports and getting some exercise.
Religious Education / Studies: The study of belief sytems and God.
Science: Usually this subject is taught in three fields:
•
•
•
Biology: The study of living things like plants, animals and humans.
Chemistry: The study of different substances and how they interact.
Physics: The study of matter and energy and how they affect each other.
[44]
EDUCATION VOCABULARY
Boarding School :(noun) A type of school where students live as well as study.
'During my first few weeks at boarding school I missed my parents a lot.'
Cheat:(verb) to act in a dishonest way to get what you want.
'The student cheated by writing the answers on his hand and looking at them during the
test.'
Co-educational:(noun)a school that has both male and female students. A schools for
just boys (or girls) is called a single-sex school.
'I think co-educational schools helps students to form better relationships with
members of the opposite sex in later life.'
Coursework:(noun) Coursework is the work done by students that contributes towards
their overall grade, but which is assessed separately from their final exams. Coursework
can, for example, take the form of experimental work, or may involve research. It can
comprise of dissertations, reports or essays.
'I get nervous when I take a test. I prefer to do coursework because I have a long time
to do it and I can do it at my own pace.'
Enrol:(verb)to enrol means to join a course. In American English it is spelt enroll. The
noun form is enrolment (enrollment US)
Exercise 2
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT WORD FROM
THE CHART.
geography
enrolled
cheat
mathematics
qualification
1. My favorite subject is ______. I'm very good with numbers.
2. We learn how rivers are formed today in ______.
3. She tries to ______ on her test, but her teacher sees her.
4. Only students who are ______ on this course may enter the classroom.
5. To work for this company you need a university _______.
[45]
BLOQUE 3
MAIN GOAL: BY THE END OF THIS BLOCK, YOU WILL BE
ABLE TO DESCRIBE ACTIONS IN PROGRESS USING THE
SIMPLE PROGRESSIVE TENSE APPROPRIATELY.
KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE.
SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE.
VOCABULARY FOR CLOTHING, WEATHER AND BODY
PARTS.
ATTITUDES AND VALUES EMPHASIZED
Tolerance of cultural difference.
SKILLS ACQUIRED
Ability to describe action in progress.
Proper use of vocabulary related to clothing, weather and
body.
[46]
LESSON 3
SECTION 1.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (AFFIRMATIVE).
Los tiempos progresivos ("progressive tenses" o "continuous tenses") expresan el
"progreso" o desarrollo de una acción en un momento dado. El tiempo presente
progresivo ("present progressive") expresa una acción que se está desarrollando en el
momento presente, generalmente, una acción temporaria que comenzó hace poco
tiempo y que terminará pronto.En inglés, al igual que en español, el tiempo presente
progresivo está formado por el verbo auxiliar "be" (ser o estar) conjugado en tiempo
presente, más el "present participle" (form + ing) del verbo principal.
Unos ejemplos son:
Sujeto estar/ser present participle
I
am
eating.
You
are
working
She/He
is
playing
They
are
singing
Las formas del presente progresivo son:
[47]
Exercise 1 Affirmative
USE THE WORDS
PROGRESSIVE
BELOW
TO
MAKE
SENTENCES
IN
PRESENT
1) I / to read a book = __________________________
2) it / to rain = __________________________
3) he / to repair his bike = __________________________
4) they / to watch a film = __________________________
5) the cat /to sleep on the chair = __________________________
6) Jane and Emily / to do their homework = __________________________
7) Bill / to wait at the bus stop = __________________________
8) we / to listen to the radio = __________________________
9) the children / to play a game= __________________________
10) Laura / to walk the dog = __________________________
Exercise 2 Negative
PUT IN THE VERB IN BRACKETS INTO THE GAP AND FORM NEGATIVE
SENTENCES IN PRESENT PROGRESSIVE.
Use long forms of the auxiliaries only.
1) The children questions. (not/to ask)
_____________________________________________
2) Nick to the gym. (not/to go)
_____________________________________________
3) I the door. (not/to open)
_____________________________________________
4) He jokes. (not/to tell)
_____________________________________________
5) The baby now. (not/to cry)
_____________________________________________
6) We a farm. (not/to visit)
_____________________________________________
[48]
7) They the phone. (not/to answer)
_____________________________________________
8) Gerry, Joe and Boris hamburgers. (not/to eat)
_____________________________________________
9) My teacher at the bus stop. (not/to wait)
_____________________________________________
10) The rabbit over the fence. (not/to climb)
_____________________________________________
Exercise 3 Interrogative
COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS WITH THE CORRECT FORM.
1) ___________________ in the lake? (Lisa/to swim)
2) ___________________ your brother? (you/to help)
3) ___________________ a museum? (he/to visit)
4) ___________________ her T-shirt? (Doris/to wash)
5) ___________________ home? (they/to run)
6) ___________________ to the radio? (Henry/to listen)
7) ___________________ the buckets? (the boys/to carry)
8) ___________________ the string of the kite? (she/to hold)
9) ___________________ breakfast? (we/to make)
10) ___________________ the computer? (Ron and Fred/to check)
[49]
SECTION 2.
SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
La diferencia entre estos dos tiempos es importante acorde a lo que queramos decir.
Hasta ahora hemos visto las conjugaciones de ambos y es tiempo de ver los usos que
tienen y lo más importante ¿Cuándo usar uno o el otro?
La diferencia más importante radica en si lo que queremos decir es algo en general o si
es algo inmediato.
In general or right now?
Do you want to express that something happens in general or that something is
happening right now?
Conjugación
Simple Present
Present Progressive
in general (regularly, often, never)
right now
Colin plays football every Tuesday.
Look! Colin is playing football now.
present actions happening one after also for several actions happening at the
another
same time
First Colin plays football, then he
Colin is playing football and Anne is
watches TV.
watching.
Signal words(Siempre que en la oración exista una de estas palabras se debe
poner el tiempo que le corresponda)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
always
every ...
often
normally
usually
sometimes
seldom
never
first
then
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
at the moment
at this moment
today
now
right now
Listen!
Look!
Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present:
be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, wantEstos verbos no se ponen en
ING
[50]
Exercise 1
PUT THE VERBS INTO THE CORRECT TENSE (SIMPLE PRESENT OR PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE)
1. Look! He (leave) ______________ the house.
2. Quiet please! I (write) ______________ a test.
3. She usually (walk) ______________ to school.
4. But look! Today she (go) ______________ by bike.
5. Every Sunday we (go) ______________ to see my grandparents.
6. He often (go) ______________ to the cinema.
7. We (play) ______________ Monopoly at the moment.
8. The child seldom (cry) ______________.
9. I (not / do) ______________ anything at the moment.
10. (watch / he) ______________ the news regularly?
SECTION 3.
VOCABULARY FOR CLOTHING
Clothing — Ropa
dress
skirt
miniskirt
blouse
stockings
tights
socks
shoes (a pair of shoes)
high heels (abreviatura
de high-heeled shoes)
sandals
stilettos
trainers
wellingtons
dress
Personal items — Accesorios
personales
vestido
falda
minifalda
blusa
medias
mallas; medias
calcetines
zapatos (un par de
zapatos)
wallet
purse
handbag
umbrella
walking stick
glasses
earrings
cartera
monedero
bolso de mano
paraguas
bastón
gafas
pendientes
wedding ring
anillo de casado
tacones altos
engagement ring
anillo de compromiso
sandalias
zapato con tacón de
aguja
zapatillas de deporte
botas de agua
vestido
lipstick
pintalabios
makeup
maquillaje
ring
bracelet
necklace
anillo
brazalete, pulsera
collar
[51]
slippers
shoelace
boots
leather jacket
gloves
vest
underpants
knickers
bra
blazer
swimming costume
swimming trunks
pyjamas
nightie (abreviatura de
nightdress)
dressing gown
bikini
hat
baseball cap
scarf
coat
overcoat
jacket
trousers (a pair of
trousers)
suit
shorts
jeans
shirt
tie
t-shirt
raincoat
anorak
pullover
sweater
cardigan
jumper
zapatillas
cordón de zapatos
botas
chaqueta de cuero
guantes
chaleco
calzoncillos
bragas
sujetador
americana
bañador
bañador (para el
hombre)
pijama
piercing
sunglasses
watch
cufflinks
belt
lighter
keyring
keys
comb
hairbrush
mirror
piercing
gafas de sol
reloj
gemelos
cinturón
mechero, encendedor
llavero
llaves
cepillo para el pelo
peine
espejo
handkerchief
pañuelo
Other related words — Otras palabras
relacionadas
camisõn
to wear
vestir
bata, albornoz
bikini
sombrero
gorra de béisbol
bufanda
abrigo
abrigo
chaqueta
pantalones (un par de
pantalones)
traje
pantalones cortos
vaqueros
camisa
corbata
camiseta
chubasquero
anorak
jersey
suéter
rebeca
jersey
to put on
to take off
to get dressed
to get undressed
button
tight
loose
ponerse
quitarse
vestirse
desvestirse
botón
ajustado/a
ancho/a
[52]
Exercise 1
WRITE THE NAME OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS
1. ________________
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
5. ________________
6. ________________
7. ________________
8. ________________
9. ________________
VOCABULARY FOR WEATHER
Word
Part of speech
Meaning
airconditioner/airconditioning
noun
an appliance that cools down
the air in a home or building
avalanche
noun
below freezing
preposition/adjective
blizzard
noun
boiling hot
adjective + noun
breeze
noun
a dangerous slide of snow down
a mountain
temperature less than 0 degrees
Celsius/(32F)
a storm with lots of snow and
wind
common expression for
describing a very hot day
Celsius
noun
chilly
light wind
measurement of temperature (0
degrees is freezing/100 is
boiling)
cold
[53]
Example Sentence
The air conditioner keeps the
office nice and comfortable
even when it's very hot outside.
The skiers were warned about a
possible avalanche.
It's supposed to go below
freezing before the weekend.
The airplane couldn't take-off
because of the blizzard.
It was boiling hot, so we all
jumped into the lake.
Don't bother with a hat. There is
always a breeze near the ocean.
In the summer, the average
temperature here is 20 degrees
Celsius.
It's a bit chilly today, so I think
adjective
cloud/cloudy
noun/adjective
water in the sky that appears as
a white or grey mass
cold spell
adjective + noun
a period of colder than average
weather
cool
adjective
temperature in between warm
and cold
degrees
noun
measurement for temperature
drizzling
continuous verb
drought
noun
Fahrenheit
noun
flood
noun
flurries
noun
raining slightly
a long period with no rainfall
measurement of temperature
(32 degrees is freezing/212 is
boiling)
It was 100 degrees Fahrenheit
when we got to San Francisco.
overflow of rain water
The flood was so bad, our
basement was full of water.
very light snowfall
There are a few flurries but the
snow isn't sticking to the roads.
fog/foggy
noun/adjective
thick water vapor that blocks
one's vision
forecast
noun/verb
the expected weather for the
future
freezing cold
adjective + noun
frost
noun
common expression used to
describe a very cold day
ice crystals on a frozen surface
frostbite
noun
a skin condition caused by over
exposure to the cold (typically
reddish skin with white spots)
hail
noun
small pieces of ice that fall
during a storm
heat stroke
noun
heat-wave
noun
humid/humidity
adjective/noun
hurricane
you should wear a coat.
It may look cloudy in the
morning, but the sun always
comes out by afternoon.
They're calling for a cold spell,
so we put off our camping trip.
The days were boiling hot, but
the nights were cool and
comfortable for sleeping.
I don't feel the heat until it's
about forty degrees Celsius
outside.
I think I'll take the dog for a
walk. It's only drizzling now.
Forest fires are a serious danger
during a drought.
a flu-like condition one can
acquire after spending too long
in the sun
extremely hot weather that is
much higher than average-usually lasts a short time
moisture in the air
a tropical storm with very
[54]
We couldn't see the bridge
because there was too much
fog.
According to the 5 day forecast,
it's going to rain on our wedding
day.
It was a freezing cold day for
the Santa Claus parade.
Some flowers are so strong they
can withstand frost.
I lost my hat while I was skiing,
and I ended up with frostbite on
my ears.
There was so much hail that
some of the trailer homes were
destroyed.
Bring lots of water and wear a
hat to avoid heat stroke in this
weather.
During the heat-wave we
cooled our beds down with ice
packs.
It feels a lot hotter than it
actually is because of the
humidity.
Half of the buildings on the
noun
icy
adjective
lightning
noun
mild
adjective
meteorologist
noun
minus/negative
adjective
overcast
adjective
partly cloudy
adverb + adjective
precipitation
noun
puddle
noun
rain/raining/rainy
noun/continuous verb/adjective
raindrop
noun
rainbow
noun
raining cats and dogs
idiom
scorching/a scorcher
adjective/noun
season
noun
shower
noun
sleet(similar to hail)
noun
slush/slushy
strong wind and rain
island were flattened by the
hurricane.
The roads are icy so please
slippery because of ice
avoid driving down any hills.
The outdoor pool always closes
electrical discharge and flash
when the lifeguards think
between a cloud and the ground
lightning is coming.
temperature that is warmer
It's quite mild out so I didn't
than average(in a cold season)
bother with a hat or mittens.
The meteorologist predicted
a person who studies weather
that the cold spell would be
patterns
over by now.
indicates that a temperature is
It was minus twenty degrees at
below zero
the top of the skil hill.
The sky is overcast this morning,
no sun is visible
but the sun is supposed to come
out by late afternoon.
term often used in a weather
Tomorrow's forecast is partly
forecast to indicate that the
cloudy with clear skies by
skies are sunny and cloudy at
nightfall.
the same time
rain or snow that falls on an
There is very little precipitation
area
in the desert.
Children love to splash in
collection of rain water
puddles when they are wearing
rubber boots.
My hair is all wet and messy
water that falls to earth
from the rain.
I love catching raindrops on my
a single measurement of rain
tongue.
According to legend you can
a band of colours found in the
find a pot of gold at the end of a
sky after a rainfall
rainbow.
They cancelled the football
raining heavily
game because it was raining
cats and dogs.
It was a scorcher, so the whole
extremely hot temperature/a
family slept in the cool
very hot day
basement.
time of year characterized by
My favorite season is Fall,
certain weather
because I love to watch the
Winter,Spring,Summer,Fall (or
leaves changing colours.
Autumn)
They've been calling for
quick/light rainstorm
showers all week, but so far it's
been dry.
All-weather-tires are best if you
rain that freezes as it falls
have to drive in sleet.
snow on the ground that has
The snow turned to slush as
[55]
noun/adjective
been rained on
smog
noun
heavy,dark cloud cover caused
by pollution
snow/snowy/snowing
noun/adjective/ continuous verb
frozen water that warms slightly
as it falls to earth
snowstorm
noun
sun/sunshine/sunny
noun/noun/adjective
sunburn
noun
sunglasses/shades
noun
suntan/tanned
noun(also verb)/adjective(also
verb)
large amounts of wind and
snow
the gassy star that warms the
earth
painful red/pink skin caused by
being in the sun too long
dark eyewear that protects you
from the sun
soon as it started to rain.
You really notice the smog
downtown in this type of
humidity.
It is already snowing up in the
mountains, so the ski season
should be great this year.
All of the schools were closed
because of the snowstorm.
We hope to have sunshine on
the day of the beach picnic.
The bald man got a sunburn on
his head.
I forgot my shades and I was
driving right into the sun.
brown/golden skin caused by
long periods of sun exposure
I got a suntan on the cruise, but
it has already faded away.
Don't forget to reapply your
sunscreen when you get out of
the lake.
Can you check the temperature
before we get dressed for our
walk?
When I checked the
temperature this morning, the
thermometer said it was
already thirty degrees Celsius.
sunscreen/suntan lotion
noun
cream that protects your skin
from sun damage
temperature
noun
how warm or cold the air is
thermometer
noun
instrument for measuring the
temperature of the air
thunder/thunderstor
m
noun
thunder is a loud noise after
lightning, caused by rapid
expansion of air superheated by
the lightning
Let's close all of the windows. It
looks like a thunderstorm is
coming.
tornado/cyclone
noun
violently spinning windstorm
The tornado picked up
everything in its path, including
animals and cars.
umbrella
noun
held over one's head and body
for rain protection
I always keep an umbrella in my
car in case of rain.
UV (ultra violet) rays
noun
the damaging rays from the sun
Ultra violet rays can cause skin
cancer if you don't wear
sunscreen.
wind/windy
noun/adjective
blowing air outside
It's too windy to play golf today.
wind chill factor
noun
when the wind makes the air
feel colder than the actual
temperature
It's minus two, but with the
wind chill factor it's minus
fifteen.
Exercise 2
[56]
WRITE THE NAME OF THE FOLLOWING WEA
WEATHER CONDITIONS
1. ________________
2. ________________
3. ________________
______________
4. ________________
5. ________________
6. ________________
______________
7. ________________
[57]
VOCABULARY FOR THE BODY
ankle
buttock
calf
femur
foot, feet
heel
heelbone
instep
knee
kneecap
metatarsus
patella
phalanges
shin
shinbone
splint bone
tarsus
thigh
thighbone
toe
LEG - PIERNA
tobillo
nalga
pantorrilla
fémur
pie, pies
talón
calcáneo
empeine
rodilla
rótula
metatarso
rótula
falanges
canilla
tibia
peroné
tarso
muslo
fémur
dedo del pie
HEAD - CABEZA
bags under the
ojeras
eyes
beard
barba
brain
cerebro
canine tooth
colmillo
cheek
mejilla
chin
mentón
crinkles
pequeñas arrugas
crow's feet
patas de gallo
dimple
hoyuelo
ear
oreja
eye
ojo
eyebrow
ceja
eyelash
pestaña
eyelid
párpado
forehead
frente
freckle
peca
gum
encía
hair
cabello
hard palate
paladar duro
incisors
incisivos
ARM - BRAZO
elbow
codo
finger
dedo
fingertip
yema del dedo
fist
puño
forearm
antebrazo
hand
mano
humerus
húmero
index finger
índice
knuckle
nudillo
little finger
meñique
middle finger
dedo medio
nail
uña
palm
palma de la mano
phalanx
falange
ring finger
anular
radius
radio
second phalanx
falangina
shoulder
hombro
third phalanx
falangeta
thumb
pulgar
ulna
cúbito
upper arm
brazo
wrist
abdomen
armpit
back
belly
bladder
breasts
chest
groin
heart
hip
kidney
liver
lung
loins
navel
nipple
spleen
[58]
muñeca
TRUNK - TRONCO
abdomen
axila
espalda
vientre
vejiga
pechos
pecho
ingle
corazón
cadera
riñón
hígado
pulmón
zona lumbar
ombligo
pezón
bazo
lips
lower jaw
lower lip
molars
moustache
mouth
neck
nose
nostrils
palate
premolars
pupil
sideboards (GB)
sideburns (US)
tongue
tonsil
tooth, teeth
throat
upper jaw
upper lip
uvula
wisdom tooth
wrinkles
labios
mandíbula inferior
labio inferior
molares
bigote
boca
cuello
nariz
agujeros de la nariz
paladar
premolares
pupila
patillas
patillas
lengua
amígdala
diente, dientes
garganta
mandíbula superior
labio superior
campanilla
muela de juicio
arrugas
stomach
thorax
waist
estómago
tórax
cintura
SKELETON - ESQUELETO
backbone
columna vertebral
breast bone
esternón
carpal
carpo
clavicle, collarbone clavícula
eye socket
cuenca del ojo
femur
fémur
hipbone
ilion
humerus
húmero
kneecap
rótula
mandible
mandíbula
pelvis
pelvis
phalanx
falange
radius
radio
rib
costilla
scapula
omóplato
shinbone
tibia
shoulder blade
omóplato
skull
cráneo
spine
columna vertebral
sternum
esternón
Exercise 3
WRITE THE NAME OF THE FOLLOWING PARTS OF THE BODY
1. ___________________
2. ___________________
3. ___________________
4. ___________________
5. ___________________
6. ___________________
[59]
7. ___________________
8. ___________________
9. __________________
10. __________________
11. _________________
12. __________________
13. __________________
14. _________________
15. __________________
[60]
BLOQUE 4
MAIN GOAL: BY THE END OF THIS BLOCK, YOU WILL BE
ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS AND MANAGE
PLURALS IN ENGLISH APPROPRIATE.
KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED
Countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
How much and how many.
Wh questions
ATTITUDES AND VALUES EMPHASIZED
Tolerance of cultural difference.
SKILLS ACQUIRED
Ability to describe plurals correctly.
[61]
LESSON 4
SECTION 1
COUNTABLE NOUNS AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable Nouns (Los nombres contables)
Los nombres o sustantivos contables son aquellos que se pueden contar.
•
Ejemplos:
one [a] pencil (un lápiz)
two cats(dos gatos)
three houses(tres casas)
Nombres contables tienen una forma plural:
•
Ejemplos:
egg/eggs (huevo/s)
bicycle/bicycles(bicicleta/s)
dress/dresses(vestido/s)
Se puede usar "a" o "an" con nombres contables en singular:
o
Ejemplos:
an apple (una manzana)
a house (una casa)
Se pueden usar números delante de un contable:
•
Ejemplos:
three apples(tres manzanas)
five houses(cinco casas)
[62]
Uncountable Nouns (Los nombres incontables)
Los nombres o sustantivos incontables son aquellos que no podemos contar porque
no los podemos delimitar individualmente sino que forman parte de un todo. Son
tratados como singulares (no se pueden hacer plurales añadiendo '-s').
Algunos ejemplos son:
salt(sal),
wood(madera),
tea(té),
wine(vino),
sugar(azúcar),
bread(pan),
furniture(muebles),
hair(pelo),
information(información),
money(dinero),
weather(tiempo),
time(tiempo),
rice(arroz)
Sin embargo, en el momento que los delimitamos, estos mismos nombres o sustantivos
pasan a ser contables. Deberán ir precedidos, si quieren individualizarse, de alguna
palabra con valor partitivo.
•
Ejemplos:
agram of salt (un gramo de sal)
apiece of wood (un trozo de madera)
twocups of tea (dos tazas de té)
threeglasses of wine (tres vasos de vino)
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Nombres incontables no tienen una forma plural:
rice(arroz)
•
Rices
milk(leche)
•
Milks
No podemos usar números delante de un incontable:
•
two rices
Exercise 1
WRITE COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE FOR THE FOLLOWING ITEMS. .
1. Time __________________________
2. Books __________________________
3. Sugar __________________________
4. Milk __________________________
5. Pens __________________________
6. Hair __________________________
7. Chairs __________________________
8. Meat __________________________
9. Butter __________________________
10. Pencils __________________________
11. Bread __________________________
12. Jam __________________________
13. Friends __________________________
14. Fingers __________________________
15. Flour __________________________
16. Apples __________________________
17. Oil __________________________
18. Cars __________________________
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19. Salt __________________________
20. Houses __________________________
21. Cheese __________________________
22. Rice __________________________
23. Tea __________________________
24. Games __________________________
25. Tomatoes __________________________
26. Cream __________________________
27. Honey __________________________
28. Carrots __________________________
SECTION 2.
HOW MUCH AND HOW MANY.
En ingles cuando queremos preguntar acerca de la cantidad de un sustantivo
incontable, usamos la estructura:
“How much + sustantivo + is there?
Ejemplo: How much milk is there? = ¿cuánta leche hay?
En las respuestas se puede usar un partitivo no específico como; a lot (un montón), a
little (un poco), none (nada), some (algo).
Ejemplo: How much milk is there? = There is a little.
¿Cuánta leche hay? hay un poco
O por el contrario podemos usar partitivos específicos de unidad o medida o peso para
especificar las cantidades;
Ejemplo: How much milk is there? = There is a litre, there is a bottle, etc.
¿Cuánta leche hay? Hay un litro, una botella, etc.
Si queremos preguntar acerca de la cantidad de un sustantivo contable, usamos la
estructura:
“ How many + sustantivo + are there?
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Ejemplo: How many oranges are there? = ¿Cuantas naranjas hay?
En las respuestas se usa: a lot (un monton), a few (unas pocas), too many,
(demasiadas), o none (ninguna), some (algunas), si queremos especificar cantidades
entonces usamos partitivos contables del tipo; un kilo, un litro, un paquete, una bolsa,
one, two, etc.
How much y how many se usan para preguntas en general acerca de cosas, cuando
queremos que se nos indique las cantidades que hay, entonces how much y how many
van acompañados de is there o are there.
Ejemplos: How much water is there? = There is 1 litre.
How many students are there? = There are eleven students in class.
También existe otra forma de preguntar cuando no estamos seguros de si hay algo o
no,
y es usando:
Is there + any + sustantivo (para incontables) o
Are there + any + sustantivos (para contables)
Ejemplo: Is there any bread? - ¿Hay algo de pan?
Yes, there is - Si hay
Are there any apples? - ¿Hay alguna manzana?
Yes there are - Si hay
Si quieres especificar la cantidad o cantidades, pues usas there is o there are +
partitivo(s)
Ejemplo: There is a loaf of bread. Hay una barra de pan.
There are two loaves of bread. Hay dos barras de pan.
There is an apple. Hay una manzana.
There are three apples. Hay tres manzanas.
Apuntes especiales.
En inglés los líquidos, materias y substancias son incontables, en este apartado
debemos de incluir a los siguientes sustantivos que son incontables en inglés:
Money – dinero
Fruit – fruta
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Bread – pan
Time – tiempo
Chocolate – chocolate
Meat – carne
Beef - carne (vacuna)
Exercise 1
WRITE THE CORRECT ANSWER WITH HOW MUCH AND HOW MANYACCORDING
TO THE QUESTION.
1. We need some tea. ______ do we need?
2. We need some eggs. ______ do we need?
3. We need some paper. ______ do we need?
4. ______ cigarettes do you smoke a day?
5. ______ packets of cigarettes do you have?
SECTION 3.
WH QUESTIONS
WH questions ask for information. They are different than Yes/No questions.
There are 6 different WH question words:
STRUCTURE
WH questions in simple present use “do” or “be”:
WH Questions with "do"
WH + DO/DOES + SUBJECT
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+ VERB
Examples:
•
•
•
Where do you work?
Where does she live?
When do you wake up?
WH Questions with "be"
WH + BE
+
SUBJECT
Examples:
•
•
•
Where are you from?
Who is that man?
When is your class?
WH Questions are similar to YES/NO questions except they have WH words at the start.
Examples:
•
•
Are you from Canada?
Where are you from?
Here are some example questions and answers:
•
•
Where are you from?
I am from Japan.
•
•
What is your name?
My name is Jacob.
•
•
When do you wake up?
I wake up at 7:30 am.
•
•
Why are you angry?
I am angry because I did not pass my exam.
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Exercise 1
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE APPROPRIATE WH
QUESTION WORD.
1. _________ do you live?
I live in Toronto.
2. _________ do you wake up?
I wake up at 7:30 am.
3. _________ is your brother?
He is great, thanks for asking.
4. _________ is this?
That's my electronic dictionary.
5. _________ do you take English class?
Because I want to improve my speaking.
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