Download SHOULD/ SHOULDN`T = Consejo

FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
SHOULD/ SHOULDN'T = Consejo
Este modal should expresa consejo (deberías)
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject
should
verb
complement
You
should
eat
healthy food.
She
should
rest
more.
We
should
take
a taxi.
He
should
go
home early.
Examples:
You should study for the exams. / Deberías estudiar para los examenes.
You should drink a lot of water. / Deberías beber bastante agua.
When you drive you should fasten your seat belt./ Cuando manejas
deberías abrocharte el cinturón de seguridad.
Este modal should también se lo puede usar en forma de negación
añadiendo solo la negación (not).
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject
should +(not)
verb
complement
shouldn't
You
shouldn't
drive
when you drink alcohol.
He
Shouldn´t
go
out at night.
They
Shouldn't
cheat
in the exams.
Examples:
Your brother shouldn't eat junk food. / Tu hermano no debería comer
comida chatarra.
She shouldn´t travel alone tonight. /Ella no debería viajar sola esta noche.
We shouldn´t go to the party, we have to study. / No deberíamos ir a la
fiesta, tenemos que estudiar.
Notar que should / shouldn't se usa igual para todos los
pronombres y el verbo no se modifica.
OUGHT TO / OUGHT NOT TO =
Consejo/Recomendación
Este modal ought to expresa deber, obligación, recomendación
dependiendo del uso.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Examples:
We ought to attend office regularly. (Deber). Debemos atender la oficina
todos los días.
We ought to help the needy. (Obligación Moral). Debemos ayudar al
necesitado.
You ought to take your son to the doctor. (Recomendación). Debes o
deberías llevar a tu hijo al médico.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject
ought to
verb
complement
You
ought to
respect
our parents.
She
ought to
help
the poor.
We
ought to
take
a taxi.
He
ought to
go
respect the schedules.
Este modal ought to también se lo puede usar en forma de
negación añadiendo solo la negación (not) después de ought.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject
verb
complement
You
ought not to
ought not to
yell
at our parents.
She
ought not to
ignore
the poor.
We
ought not to
take
the bus.
He
ought not to
waste
time.
Notar que ought to / ought not to se usa igual para todos
los pronombres y el verbo no se modifica.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT = Consejo
Este modal had better expresa igualmente consejo para tiempo
presente o futuro.
Examples:
You had better tell her everthing. / Deberías decirle todo.
We had better meet early. /Deberíamos reunirnos temprano.
She had better get back to work. / Ella debería volver al trabajo.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject
verb
complement
You
had better
had better
Do
What I say.
She
had better
go
to bed early.
We
had better
go
to class.
He
had better
open
the office before 8 a.m.
Este modal had better también se lo puede usar en forma de negación
añadiendo solo la negación (not) después de had better.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject
verb
complement
You
had better not
had better not
yell
at our parents.
She
had better not
ignore
the poor.
We
had better not
take
the bus.
He
had better not
waste
your time.
Notar que had better / had better not se usa igual para
todos los pronombres y el verbo no se modifica.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
WOULD RATHER / WOULD RATHER NOT =
Preferencia
Este modal would rather expresa preferencia y significa preferiría.
Examples:
I would rather stay at home. / Preferiría quedarme en casa.
She would rather go to bed early./ Ell preferiría acostarse temprano.
We would rather come back before midnight. / Nosotros preferiríamos volver
antes de la media noche.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject
verb
complement
I
would rather
would rather
go
by car.
She
would rather
do
her homework after
lunch.
We
would rather
speak
in english.
He
would rather
eat
at home.
Este modal would rather también se lo puede usar en negativo
añadiendo la palabra not (would rather not).
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject
verb
complement
I
would rather not
would rather not
drink
coffee.
She
would rather not
wear
long dresses.
We
would rather not
spend
too much money.
He
would rather not
paint
his house this weekend.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
EXERCISES:
Exercise No. 1
Choose should or shouldn't.
You should /shouldn't be so selfish.
I don't think you should /shouldn't smoke so much.
You should /shouldn't exercise more.
I think you should /shouldn't try to speak to her.
You are overweight. You should /shouldn't go on a diet.
Where should / shouldn't we park our car?
You should / shouldn't speak to your mother like this.
The kids should /shouldn't spend so much time in front of the TV.
Should / Shouldn't I tell her the truth or should I say nothing?
I think we should / shouldn't reserve our holiday in advance.
Exercise No. 2
Expressing advice: SHOULD and OUGHT TO.
Directions: What do you advice Mary?
EXAMPLE: Mary: I'm sleepy. You: You should / ought to drink a cup of tea.
1)
I'm hungry. You should ______ something.
2)
I'm cold. You ought to _______ a coat.
3)
I have a toothache. You should _______ the dentist.
4)
I have the hiccups. What should I do? You ought to_______
breathing.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
5)
I left my sunglasses at a restaurant yesterday. What should I
do? You should ________ immediately. Do you know the
number?
6)
I'm hot. You ought to______ some fresh air.
7)
I have a headache. You should _______ an aspirin.
8)
Someone stole my bicycle. What should I do? You ought
to________ the police.
9)
I bought a pair of pants that don't fit. They're too long. You
should ________ them to the tailor to get them shortened.
10)
I always make a lot of spelling mistakes when I write. I
don't know what to do about it. What do you suggest?
You ought to _________ a dictionary.
Exercise No. 3
Expressing advice: HAD BETTER.
Directions: In the following, the speaker chooses to use had better- What are
some possible bad consequences N the speaker might be thinking of?
EXAMPLE:
The movie starts in ten minutes. We'd better hurry.
Possible bad consequences: We'll be late if we don't hurry.
1. You can't wear shorts and a T-shirt to a job interview! You'd better change
clothes before you go.
Possible bad consequences: ________________________________________________
2. I can't find my credit card. I have no idea where it is. I guess I'd better call the
credit card company.
Possible bad consequences:__________________________________________________
3. A: My ankle really hurts. I think I sprained it.
B: You'd better put some ice on it right away.
Possible bad consequences: _________________________________________________
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
4. You shouldn't leave your car unlocked in the middle of the city. You'd better
lock it before we go into the restaurant.
Possible bad consequences: ___________________________
Exercise No. 4
Directions: Spot the mistake then rewrite the sentence
correctly.
1. You will better not be late.
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Anna shouldn't wears shorts into the restaurant. Anna shouldn't wear shorts
into the restaurant.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. I should to go to the post office today.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. I ought paying my bills today.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. You'd had better to call the doctor today.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. You don't should stay up too late tonight.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. You'd to better not leaving your key in the door.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. Mr. Nguyen has a large family and a small apartment.
He ought found a new apartment.
___________________________________________________________________________
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
En esta unidad vamos a aprender sobre los relative clauses y los relative
pronouns, para ello se debe primero entender que es un relative clause.
“Relative clause” es una oración subordinada que describe o identifica a
un nombre.
“Relative pronoun” es una palabra que sirve para unir dos oraciones
(una de estas oraciones es un relative clause), con el fin de convertir estas
dos oraciones en una sola, para que haya fluidez y un mejor nivel de
inglés.
Ejemplo:
"This is a house. It was built by my uncle (---> esta segunda oración es la
que convertiremos la "relative clause"). Esta es una casa. Fue construida
por mi tío.
A continuación, decido unir estas dos oraciones, la primera que es: "This is
a house" y la segunda que es: "It was built by my uncle".
¿Cómo lo hago?
Muy fácil, utilizando un "relative pronoun", que pueden ser estos:
¡Ojo! hay que saber escoger el "relative pronoun" correcto.
-"who" (quien, quienes, el cual, la cual) Sólo se puede utilizar para
identificar o describir personas, nunca cosas.
- “whom” (a quien, a quienes, quien, quienes...) Es más formal que "who" y
sólo se utiliza para identificar o describir personas; nunca para cosas.
- "that" (que, el cual, la cual, los cuales) para identificar, o describir, a
personas o cosas.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
"which" (que) para identificar, o describir cosas.
Consejo: Al hablar, si te confundes al utilizar "who", es mejor optar
por "that", ya que sirve para referirse a personas y cosas.
Entonces quedaría así:
This is the house that was built by my uncle." Esta es la casa que fue
construida por mi tío. La segunda oración (la que empieza después de
"that"---> (relative pronoun) es ahora la "relative clause".
EXERCISES:
Exercise No. 1
Complete the sentences using relative clauses. Use who
and which.
1. A Scot is a person who lives in Scotland
2. Nessie is a monster_______ (live in Lochness)
3. A fridge is a thing)______(keeps things fresh)
4. A DJ is someone (play music in a disco)
5. A bee is an insect (make honey)
6. A lemon is a fruit (be yellow and sour)
7. A watch is a thing (tell the time)
8. A ferry is a ship (carry people across the water)
9. A shop assistant is someone (work in a shop)
10.A key is a thing (can open and lock doors)
Exercise No. 2
Complete the sentences with the following relative
pronouns who, which, whose when necessary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
This is the boy _______ had an accident.
Yesterday I saw a car_______ was really old.
Jessica is the girl________I met on Friday.
I haven´t seen Frank,______ brother is five, for a long time now.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
5. The robber stole the car________ the lady parked in front of the
supermarket.
6. This is the man________ house is on fire.
7. Can I talk to the girl________ is sitting on the bench?
8. The book _______ you gave me is great.
9. She likes hamburgers ________ are hot.
10.Bill Clinton, _________ was President of the USA, has only one daughter
Exercise No. 3
Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).
1. This is the bank who which whose was robbed yesterday.
2. A boy who which whose sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
3. The man who which whose robbed the bank had two pistols.
4. He wore a mask who which whose made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. He came with a friend who which whose waited outside in the car.
6. The woman who which whose gave him the money was young.
7. The bag who which whose contained the money was yellow.
8. The people who which whose were in the bank were very frightened.
9. A man who which whose mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. A woman who which whose daughter was crying tried to calm her.
11.The car who which whose the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
12.The robber who which whose mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
13.The man who which whose drove the car was nervous.
14.He didn't wait at the traffic lights who which whose were red.
15. A police officer who which whose car was parked at the next corner
stopped and arrested them.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
1. Se dice que una oración está en VOZ ACTIVA cuando la
significación del verbo es producida por la persona gramatical a quien
aquél se refiere:
Sebastian de Benalcazar founded Quito. / Sebastian de Benalcazar fundó Quito.
2. Se dice que una oración está en VOZ PASIVA cuando la
significación del verbo es recibida por la persona gramatical a quien
aquél se refiere:
Quito was founded by Sebastian de Benalcazar /Quito fue fundada por Sebastian
de Benalcazar.
3. Se forma con el auxiliar del verbo to be y el participio pasado del
verbo que se conjuga.
4. El complemento de la oración activa pasa a sujeto de la pasiva.
Como en castellano, el sujeto de la activa se puede conservar como
sujeto agente.
5. Cuando un verbo tiene dos complementos se pueden hacer dos
estructuras de pasiva:
a) A book was sent to Tom by Mr. Smith, Un libro fue enviado a Tom por
Mr. Smith.
b) Tom was sent a book by Mr. Smith (pasiva idiomática). Esta estructura
no es posible en castellano.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
ACTIVE VOICE (PRESENT TENSE)
Subject +
verb +
María
teaches
object
(complement)
chemistry.
PASIVE VOICE (PRESENT TENSE)
Object + verb to be + verb past part + agent by
Chemestry
is
taught
+
subject
by
María.
ACTIVE VOICE (PAST TENSE)
Subject +
verb +
Mr. Books
sold
object
(complement)
1400 books in 2011
PASIVE VOICE (PAST TENSE)
Object + verb to be + verb past part + agent by
1400 books
were
sold
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by
+
subject
Mr. Books
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Notar que el verbo to be va según el tiempo de la oración y
se usa singular o plural según el objeto indicado en la
oración.
Examples:
Voz Activa
Voz Pasiva
Juan plays soccer after classes.
Soccer is played by Juan.
Anita cleaned the house on Sunday.
The house is cleaned by Anita.
Tom writes love poems in class.
Love poems are written by Tom.
The children did the homework.
The homework was done by the children.
EXERCISES:
Exercise No. 1
Decide if the sentences are written in Active or Passive. The
verb forms are printed in bold. / Escriba si la oración está
en voz pasiva o voz activa.
Example: E-mails are answered.
1) They often listen to music.
Answer: Passive.
Active Passive
2) She is reading the newspaper now. Active Passive
3) These cars are produced in Japan. Active Passive
4) Alan teaches Geography.
Active Passive
5) German is spoken in Austria.
Active Passive
6) Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake in 1906.
7) Henry Ford invented the assembly line.
8) The bus driver was hurt yesterday.
Active Passive
Active Passive
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Active Passive
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
9) You should open your workbooks.
10) Houses have been built.
Active Passive
Active Passive
Exercise No. 2
Write passive sentences in Simple Present.
1. the documents / print.
The documents are printed.
2. the window / open ______________________________________________________
3. the shoes / buy _________________________________________________________
4. the car / wash __________________________________________________________
5. the litter / throw away ___________________________________________________
6. the letter / send ____________________________________________________________
7. the book / read / not _______________________________________________________
8. the songs / sing / not _______________________________________________________
9. the food / eat / not _________________________________________________________
10. the shop / close / not ______________________________________________________
Exercise No. 3
Write passive sentences in Simple Past.
1. the test / write The test was written.
2. the table / set __________________________________________________________
3. the cat / feed ______________________________________________________________
4. the lights / switch on ______________________________________________________
5. the house / build __________________________________________________________
6. dinner / serve _____________________________________________________________
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
7. this computer / sell / not __________________________________________________
8. the car / stop / not ________________________________________________________
9. the tables / clean / not _____________________________________________________
10. the children / pick up / not
Exercise No. 4
Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use
Simple Past.
1. They _________________(visit) their granny.
2. We __________________(visit) by our teacher.
3. My friend Paul__________________ (bear) in Dallas.
4. She______________________ (go) to school in Boston.
5. Antony _____________________(grow up) in the country.
6. The new shopping centre__________________ (build) last year.
7. The film _____________________(produce / not) in Hollywood.
8. Barbara _______________________(know) James very well.
9. The jewels_______________________ (hide / not) in the cellar.
10. We__________________________ (spend / not) all day on the beach.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Para que sirven los tag questions?
Una ‘tag question’ es lo que se añade al final de una frase. Una ‘tag
question’ a raíz de una declaración afirmativa en general tiene la forma de
una pregunta negativa, con el significado: ¿No es eso cierto? No es verdad?
En algunos idiomas, tales etiqueta preguntas son invariables. Sin
embargo, en inglés, ‘tag question’ varían, en función de los verbos.
Las “tag question” pueden ser positivas y negativas, si la oración principal
es positiva, la “tag question” será negativa y si la oración principal
negativa, la “tag question” será positiva.
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
You are a student, aren`t you?
Oración positiva, “tag question” negativa
Mary isn’t a nurse, is she?
Oración negativa, “tag question” positiva
Como se menciona en la primera parte, las “tag questions” varian en
función de los verbos es decir: si tengo el verbo to be, pueden ver que el
verbo to be se usa en la “tag question”.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Qué pasaría si tengo una oración con un verbo de acción?
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
The students work hard, do they?
Oración positiva, “tag question” negativo
My teacher doesn’t speak French, does she?
Oración negativa, “tag question” positivo
Obviamente en el presente simple con verbos de acción necesitamos un
auxiliar acorde con el sujeto: do o does, por esta razón utilizo el auxiliar.
Ahora bien es importante recalcar que una “tag question debe llevar
siempre pronombres personales es decir the students yo remplacé con
they; my teacher remplacé con she.
Qué pasaría si tengo una oración en pasado simple?
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
My friends went home early, didn’t they?
Oración positiva, “tag question” negativo
My father didn’t travel to Manta, did he?
Oración negativa, “tag question” positivo
De igual manera como ya sabemos para hacer oraciones negativas o
preguntas en pasado, necesitamos un auxiliar en pasado es decir: did,
como pueden ver, si tengo oración positiva mi “tag question” es negativa y
si tengo oración negativa mi tag question es positiva.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Qué pasaría si tengo una oración con verbos modales: can, could, should,
etc?
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
My daughter can speak Japanese, can’t she?
People shouldn’t smoke, should they?
Oración positiva, “tag question” negativo
Oración negativa, “tag question” positivo
Así mismo en función del verbo uso la “tag question, si tengo can uso can,
si tengo should, uso should, si tengo would, uso would y así todos los
verbos modales.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Look at these examples with positive statements:
positive statement [+]
negative tag [-]
notes:
subject
auxiliary
main
verb
auxiliary not
personal
pronoun
(same as
subject)
You
are
coming,
are
n't
you?
We
have
finished,
have
n't
we?
You
do
like
coffee,
do
n't
you?
like
coffee,
do
n't
you?
You (do) like...
won't = will not
You
They
will
help,
wo
n't
they?
I
can
come,
can
't
I?
We
must
go,
must
n't
we?
He
should
try
harder,
should
n't
he?
You
are
English,
are
n't
you?
John
was
there,
was
n't
he?
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no auxiliary for
main verb be present
& past
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Look at these examples with negative statements:
Negative statement (-)
tag question (+)
subject
auxiliary
main verb
auxiliary
personal
pronoun
(same as subject)
It
is
raining,
is
it?
We
have never
seen
that,
have
we?
You
don`t
like
coffee,
do
you?
They
will not
help,
will
they?
They
won`t
report
us,
will
they?
I
can never
do
it right,
can
I?
We
mustn`t
tell
her,
must
we?
He
shouldn`t
drive
so fast,
should
he?
You
aren`t
English,
are
you?
John
was not
there,
was
he?
EXERCISE No. 1
Lea las oraciones y añada una tag question.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Paul is a good Singer, _________________?
Beto and Susan are in New York_________________?
You love this picture,________________?
We know your parents, ______________?
Jimmy doesn’t speak Italian, __________________?
Beth wasn’t happy yesterday,_________________?
The boys are playing football, ___________________?
There is enough food here,____________________?
The scientists left for Rome yesterday,__________________?
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
10. Charles can’t speak Russian,_________________?
11. She won’t arrive late,_________________?
12. We couldn’t go there, _____________________?
13. He wasn’t working here, __________________?
14. Betty loves coffee,___________________?
15. They have never seen her,__________________?
16. She began to cry after hearing the news,____________?
17. Those girls seldom travel abroad,_________?
18. The weather is hot today,__________________?
19. I am not your friend,_______________?
20. The children don’t like the hot dog,_____________?
21. John doesn’t love Mary,__________________?
22. She is a brilliant student, __________________?
23. I didn’t say: I love him,_________________?
24. There were many students yesterday at the university, ___________?
25. Maria hurt herself last Saturday,_____________?
26. The students should study for the tests,__________________?
27. Anita would like a big hamburger,__________________?
28. Juan and Esteban aren’t working together,________________?
29. The famous singer won’t travel to Ibarra,________________?
30. My son isn’t happy now,________________?
EXERCISE No. 2
Choose the correct tag to finish the sentence.
1. Teresa is an accountant,___?
aren't she?
doesn't she?
isn't she?
She isn't?
2. I am a good worker,___?
I am?
do I?
amn't I?
aren't I?
3. Peirre is a grandfather,___?
he isn't?
isn't he?
he is?
doesn't he?
4. Kate is a doctor, ___?
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
she is?
is she?
doesn't she?
isn't she?
5. Jacques and Alicia are students, ___?
aren't they?
are they?
isn't he?
isn't they?
6. Mario is at work right now, ___?
aren't they?
isn't he?
is he?
isn't she?
7. I'm here, ___?
am I not?
am not I?
amn't I?
aren't you?
8. You and I are busy right now, ___?
aren't I?
aren't we?
we aren't?
aren't you?
9. It's windy today, ___?
am I?
aren't they?
isn't it?
isn't he?
10. I am ready for the next exercise, ___?
isn't it?
don't I?
aren't you?
aren't I?
EXERCISE No. 3
Choose the correct tag question
1. You're coming to the party, ___?
a. aren't you b. isn't you c. shouldn't you
2. It wasn't very difficult, ___?
a. wasn't it
b. isn't it
c. was it
3. Tom is getting something for Sue, ___?
a. wasn't he
b. isn't he
c. was he
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
4. It won't be anything expensive, ___?
a. won't it
b. isn't it
c. will it
5. There's some milk in the refrigerator, ___?
a. isn't there
b. isn't it
c. wasn't it
6. We don't need to go to the store today, ___?
a. don't we
b. do I
c. do we
7. Susan can bring some food, ___?
a. won't she
b. will she
c. can't she
8. The party starts at eight o'clock, ___?
a. isn't it
b. doesn't it
c. does it
9. The movie was very long, ___?
a. isn't it
b. wasn't it
c. was it
10. There's a dictionary on the shelf, ___?
a. isn't it
b. isn't there
c. aren't there
11. There's a lot of noise outside, ___?
a. aren't there
b. isn't there
c. is there
12. Mrs. Smith is sick, ___?
a. isn't she
b. is she
c. wasn't she
13. The dishes are dirty, ___?
a. weren't they
b. isn't they
c. aren't they
14. Steven won't be at the party, ___?
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
a. won't he
b. isn't he
c. will he
15. The math test was very difficult, ___?
a. wasn't it
b. isn't it
c. weren't they
16. We can go tomorrow, ___?
a. won't we
b. can we
c. can't we
17. I'm early, ___?
a. isn't I
b. aren't I
c. are I
18. This shirt is too big for me, ___?
a. isn't it
b. doesn't it
c. does it
19. Emily plays the piano well, ___?
a. isn't it
b. does she
c. doesn't she
20. Your neighbors went on vacation, ___?
a. isn't they
b. didn't they
c. aren't they
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
PAST PROGRESIVE
Se usa el pasado progresivo (continuo) para describir una acción en progreso en
un tiempo determinado del pasado.
Subject
Positive
Negative
Question
I / he / she
/ it
I was
speaking.
I was not
speaking.
Was I speaking?
you / we /
they
You were
speaking.
You were not
speaking.
Were you speaking?
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
My wife and I were eating at 6:00 / Mi esposa y yo estabamos comiendo a las
6:00
Juan was not playing basketball. / Juan no estaba jugando basquetbol.
Were you watching Tv at 7:00? / Estaban ustedes mirando Tv a las 7:00?
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Preguntas con wh-word questions
Wh-word question
Verb to be
Subject
Main verb + ing +
complement
What
Were
You
doing last night
Where
Was
Your father
going after lunch
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
What were you eating this morning? / Que estabas comiendo esta mañana?
Why were you crying last night?/ Por qué estabas llorando anoche?
SIMPLE PAST
Se usa el pasado simple para describir una acción que se realizó en el pasado y se termino en el
pasado.
Subject
I, you, he
she, it, we,
you, they
Positive
I spoke to my
boss yesterday.
Negative
She did not
come to classes
last Friday.
27
Question
Did you prepare the
presentation for the
meeting?
FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
The students traveled to Baños last summer. / Los estudiantes viajaron a Baños
el verano pasado.
The teacher didn't come to clases yesterday. / El profesor no vino a clases ayer.
Did the children have a party last weekend? Tuvieron los niños una fiesta la
semana pasasa?
Preguntas con wh-word questions
Auxiliar
Wh-word question
Subject
Main verb +
complement
did
What
did
you
do yesterday?
Where
did
your parents
travel last vacation?
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
What did the doctors do last month?. Qué hicieron los doctores el mes pasado?
When did the medicine congress start? Cuando empezó el congreso de medicina?
Past progressive and simple past together
Pasado progresivo y pasado simple juntos
Estos dos tiempos se usan para hablar sobre una acción en progreso que fue interrumpida por otra
acción. La acción interrumpida se la escribe en pasado simple:
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
PAST PROGRESSIVE
(when)
SIMPLE PAST
Subject + be + main verb (ing) + comp (when) sub + verb past tense + comp.
I
+
was
+
doing +
my homework + when + my husband + called +
me.
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
I was taking a shower when the phone rang.
My children were watching TV when it started to rain.
Other ways to use simple past and past progressive
Otras formas de usar el pasado simple y pasado
progresivo.
1. WHEN + SIMPLE PAST + PAST PROGRESSIVE
When you arrived I was eating.
When the light went off I was preparing some material for classes.
2. WHILE + PAST PROGRESSIVE + SIMPLE PAST
While they were skiing, the storm started.
While we were travelling to Riobamba, it started to rain.
3. PAST PROGRESSIVE + WHILE + SIMPLE PAST
My cousin was preparing some tuna sandwiches while my uncle was packing
some sodas.
I was talking on the phone while my husband was watching TV.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
EXERCISE No. 1
Put the verbs into the correct form (past progressive).
1. When I phoned my friends, they were playing (play) monopoly.
2. Yesterday at six I ____________________(prepare) dinner.
3. The kids__________________ (play) in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4. I __________________(practice) the guitar when he came home.
5. We___________________________ (not / cycle) all day.
6. While Aaron____________________ (work) in his room, his
friends_____________________ (swim) in the pool.
7. I _____________________tried to tell them the truth but they __________________
(listen / not).
8. What___________________________ (you / do) yesterday?
9. Most of the time we ________________________(sit) in the park.
EXERCISE No. 2
Use the verbs in the box to complete the statements below.
Decide
live
remember
like X2 ( two times)
eat
rain
love
visit
want
1. Pepe _______________ Hernandez in Cuenca from 1992 to 1995.
2. Mari Sarmiento _______________to learn how to fly.
3. It _____________ all day yesterday,
4. Miguelín ________________to buy a new stereo.
5. Sofia didn't________________ anything for breakfast.
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
6. Angela and Ramón __________________ each other very much.
7. Simon didn't ___________________ Benidorm because there were too many
students.
8. Did you_________________ to turn everything off?
9. When Eleonora and Paola went to Granada, they_________________ the
Alhambra Palace.
10. Fiona __________________ everything about Wales except the weather.
EXERCISE No. 3
Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past
Progressive).
1. While Tom _______________(read) , Amely _____________(watch) a documentary
on TV.
2. Marvin___________ (come) home,__________ (switch) on the computer and
________ (check) his emails.
3. The thief __________(sneak) into the house,____________ (steal) the jewels and
___________(leave) without a trace.
4. Nobody ___________(listen) while the teacher___________ (explain) the tenses.
5. While we______________(do) a sight-seeing tour, our friends________________ (lie)
on the beach.
6. He ____________(wake) up and ________________(look) at his watch.
EXERCISE No. 4
1. When I saw Dave, he __________.
is working
worked
was working
2. You had a good time at the party, __________ you?
hadn't
didn't
weren't
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
3. __________ when the telephone rang?
Were you sleeping
Did you sleep
Were sleeping
4. Dave, when __________ the ESL Cafe on the Web?
were you begin
began
did you begin
5. You __________ me, did you?
understood
weren't understanding
didn't understand
6. When __________ yesterday morning?
you got up
did you get up
were you getting up
7. While I __________ to work, I saw an accident.
drove
was driving
did drive
8. __________ well on this quiz?
Did you
Were you
Did you do
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
ANSWERS / RESPUESTAS
EXERCISES UNIT 1
Exercise No. 1
1. shouldn´t
2. should
3. should
4. should
5. should
6. shouldn´t
7. shouldn´t
8. shouldn´t
9. should
10. should
Exercise No. 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
eat
put on /wear
visit
keep
go
take
call
take
have
Exercise No. 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
You won't get the job.
Someone will use your credit card.
Your ankle will get worse.
Someone will steal your car.
Exercise No. 4
1. You had better not be late.
2. Ana shouldn´t wear shorts...
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I should go to...
I ought to pay my bills...
You'd better call the doctor today...
You shouldn´t stay up too late...
You'd better not leave ...
He ought to find a new...
EXERCISES UNIT 7
Exercise No. 1
2. which lives in Loch Ness
3.which keeps food cool
4. who plays music in a disco
5. which makes honey
6.which is yellow and sour
7.which tells the time
8.which carries people across the water
9.who works in a shop
10. which can open and lock things
Exercise # 2
1. who
2. which
3. no necessary
4. whose
5. no necessary
6. whose
7. who
8. no necessary
9. which
10.who
Exercise # 3
1. which
2. whose
3. who
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
4. which
5. who
6. who
7. which
8. who
9. whose
10.whose
11.which
12.whose
13.who
14.which
15.whose
EXERCISES UNIT 8
Exercise No. 1
1. active
2. active
3. passive
4. active
5. passive
6. passive
7. active
8. passive
9. active
10.passive
Exercise No. 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
window is opened.
shoes are bought.
car is washed.
litter is thrown away.
letter is sent.
book isn't read.
songs aren't sung.
food isn´t served.
store isn't closed.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Exercise No. 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The table wasn't set.
The cat wasn't fed.
The lights weren't switched off.
The house wasn't built.
Dinner wasn't served.
This computer wasn't sold.
The car wasn't stopped.
The tables weren't cleaned.
The children weren't picked up.
Exercise No. 4
1. visited
2. were visited
3. born
4. went
5. grew up
6. was built
7. wasnt' produced
8. knew
9. weren't hidden
10. didn't spend
EXERCISES UNIT 9
Exercise No. 1
1. Isn’t, he
2. Aren’t they
3. Don’t you
4. Don’t we
5. Does he
6. Was she
7. Are they
8. Isn’t there
9. Didn’t they
10. Can he
11. Will she
12. Could we
13. Was he
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
14. Doesn’t she
15. Have they
16. Didn’t she
17. Don’t they
18. Isn’t it
19. Am I / are I
20. Do they
21. Does he
22. Isn’t she
23. Did I
24. Weren’t there
25. Didn’t she
26. Shouldn’t they
27. Wouldn’t she
28. Are they
29. Will he/she
30. Is he
Exercise No. 2
1. isn't she
2. aren't I
3. isn't he
4. isn't she
5. aren't they
6. isn't he
7. am not I
8. aren't we
9. isn't it
10. aren't I
Exercise No. 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
aren't you
was it
isn't he
will it
isn't there
do we
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
7. can't she
8. doesn't it
9. wasn't it
10. isn't there
11. isn't there
12. isn'the
13. aren't they
14. will he
15. wasn't it
16. can't we
17. aren't I
18. isnt' it
19. doesn't she
20. didn't they
EXERCISES UNIT 10
Exercise No. 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
was preparing
were playing
was practicing
weren't cycling
was working / were swimming
was trying / didn't listen
were you going
were sitting
Exercise No. 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
lived
wanted
rained
decided
eat
loved
like
remember
visited
liked
Exercise No. 3
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
was reading / was watching
came / switched / checked
sneaked / stole / left
was listening / was explaining
were driving / was lying
woke / looked
Exercise No. 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
was writing
didn't
were you sleeping
did you begin
didn't you get up
was driving
did you do
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
BIBLIOGRAFIA RECOMENDADA
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/relative_pronouns2.htm
http://www.aprende-gratis.com/ingles/curso.php?lec=presente-simple
http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/omverbs/simplepresent.htm
Azar, B. (2009). Understanding and Using English Grammar. USA:
Longman
Fuchs, Bonner, Westheimer. ( 2000). Focus on Grammar. An intermediate
course for reference and practice. USA
LOTT, H. (2005) Real English Grammar. Marshall Cavendish Ltd.
Werner, P. (1998). A Communicative Grammar. Third Edition. USA:
Editorial McGraw-Hill
Werner, P. (1996) Mosaic One. A Content-Based Grammar Book, Mexico
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
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Ms. MONICA DAVILA
ANEXOS
INFORMACION EXTRA
Relative Pronouns
relative
pronoun
use
example
who
subject or object pronoun for people
I told you about the woman
who lives next door.
which
subject or object pronoun for animals and
things
Do you see the cat which is
lying on the roof?
which
referring to a whole sentence
He couldn’t read which
surprised me.
whose
possession for people animals and things
Do you know the boy whose
mother is a nurse?
whom
object pronoun for people, especially in
non-defining relative clauses (in defining
relative clauses we colloquially prefer who)
I was invited by the professor
whom I met at the conference.
that
subject or object pronoun for people,
animals and things in defining relative
clauses (who or which are also possible)
I don’t like the table that
stands in the kitchen.
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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ms. MONICA DAVILA
Relative Adverbs
Un relative adverb puede ser usado en vez de un relative pronoun más
una preposicion. Esto hace que la oración se entienda con más facilidad
This is the shop in which I bought my bike.
→ This is the shop where I bought my bike.
relative
meaning
adverb
use
refers to a time expression
example
when
in/on
which
where
in/at which refers to a place
the place where we met
him
why
for which
the reason why we met
him
refers to a reason
42
the day when we met him