Download started our own company this year. 6.

ZONA ESCOLAR BG 002
FORMATO PARA GUIA DE ESTUDIO DIRIGIDO
ESCUELA: Escuela Preparatoria Oficial Anexa a la Normal No. 3 Toluca
TURNO: Matutino
SEMESTRE: 5º
GRUPO: 1 y 2
MATERIA: Inglés V
PROFESOR: Liliana Villegas Corrales.
UNIDAD 1
I.
INTRODUCCIÓN MOTIVACIONAL
TALKING ABOUT MYTHS AND LEGENDS
Imagina que eres un reportero y en tu trabajo te solicitan un reportaje para la
televisión, acerca de los mitos y leyendas de tu comunidad, veamos un ejemplo.
Origin of Vampire
Although, there have been many superstitions and beliefs about the origin of such theories, the
Slavic vampire myths interpenetrate all the others. Such beliefs in Slavic culture stem from
practices and beliefs during the pre-Christian era. People have sustained these pagan spiritual
beliefs even in the modern times, though no written records are available. One such example of
these pagan beliefs is believing in the soul after death. In Slavic culture, some ghosts and
spirits were considered beneficent, while some were considered harmful. These demons could
appear in any animal or human form. The malevolent activities in which they were said to be
involved in, included harming the harvest, or sucking the blood of lives tock and human beings.
Because of these activities, the Slavs were often obliged to placate the spirits. Theybelieved
that a vampire was a person who abducted a decomposing dead body and sought to feed on
the blood for their own survival. Modern Explanations To clear these superstitions and ghost
stories, several explanations were made. A major explanation was that vampires suffered from
a disease of porphyria, which caused pale skin, sensitivity to light and made the incisors look
bigger. However, the theory has been snubbed, as it was said that these symptoms were based
on the misunderstandings of the disease. Sometimes, the dead body did not decompose as
quickly as expected, and vampire hunters concluded that this was a sign of vampirism. Also,
there are theories which suggest that these legends were influenced by the fact that people
were buried alive, due to lack of medical knowledge.
¿POR QUÉ ES IMPORTANTE APRENDER INGLES?
Hablar el idioma Inglés es invaluable para el desarrollo empresarial y profesional de una persona.
Las mejores oportunidades de trabajo, desde un empleo con salario medio hasta los más altos
niveles ejecutivos, requieren el dominio del idioma Inglés, porque el personal administrativo, las
máquinas, las técnicas que se utilizan, los libros, etc. todos se expresan o están en Inglés. El
Inglés es el idioma más utilizado en el mundo entero, tanto en el ámbito del comercio como en el
de los negocios y la investigación.
El 80% de la información que aparece en Internet está en este idioma y si vive o tiene pensado
trabajar en Estados Unidos, el mercado más rico del mundo, entonces es imprescindible dominar el
Idioma Inglés.
Si usted habla inglés, no sólo se abrirán muchas puertas en el trabajo y los negocios, sino que
podrá tener acceso a libros especializados, a la Internet, a películas y videos recién salidos al
mercado; a los materiales de enseñanza más actualizados concebidos con una didáctica
avanzada, propia sólo de los países desarrollados.
El inglés también es una herramienta clave para que sus hijos triunfen en el colegio y una gran
ventaja a la hora de emprender una carrera.
Por estas y otras razones es que aprender Inglés debe ser la primera inversión que haga todo
aquel que tenga sueños e ideales por cumplir. ¡¡ADELANTE SABEMOS QUE PUEDES
LOGRARLO!!
II.
COMPETENCIAS A DESARROLLAR
A.- COMPETENCIA GENÉRICA:
1
-Escucha, interpreta y emite mensajes pertinentes en distintos contextos mediante la utilización de
medios, códigos y herramientas apropiados.
B.- COMPETENCIAS DISCIPLINARES BÁSICAS:
-Identifica e interpreta la idea general y posible desarrollo de un mensaje oral o escrito en una
segunda lengua, recurriendo a conocimientos previos, elementos no verbales y contexto cultural.
-Se comunica en una lengua extranjera mediante un discurso lógico, oral o escrito, congruente con
la situación comunicativa.
III.
QUE ESTUDIAR
Vamos a estudiar lo siguiente:
UNIDAD I
1. Enigmas and Misteries
1.1. Dreams and misticism
1.1.1Verbs in past participle
1.1.2 Present Perfect
1.1.2.1 Affirmative Form
1.1.2.2 Negative Form
1.1.2.3 Interrogative Form
1.1.2.4 Short Answers
1.1.2.5 Use of “ever”
1.1.2.6. Use of “for” and“ since”
1.1.2.7 Use of “already” “yet” “just”
1.1.2.8 Questions with “How long?”
UNIDAD II
2. Reafirmemos ideas.
2.1 Hard to believe… isn’t it?
2.1.1 Tag questions
2.1.1.1 To be
2.1.1.2 Present simple.
2.1.1.3 Present continuous
2.1.1.4 Past simple
2.1.1.5 Past continuous
2.1.1.6 Future
UNIDAD III
3. The Time machine
2
3.1 Discoveries Inventions and contemporary problems
3.1.1 . Passive voice
3.1.2. Present tense
3.1.3. Past tense
IV. COMO ESTUDIAR
UNIDAD 1:
VERBOS EN PASADO PARTICIPIO
El pasado participio de los verbos, en español, es el que le da la terminación a los verbos de: ado,
ido, to, so, cho. Se utiliza para estructurar los tiempo perfectos y la voz pasiva. En esta unidad
veremos el tiempo Presente Perfecto.
Ejemplos de presente perfecto en español:
Yo he trabajado
Ella ha comido
Ellos han escrito
Ustedes han hecho
Existen verbos regulares, estos verbos en tiempo pasado y en tiempo pasado participio tienen la
terminación –ed.
Ejemplo:
Presente
paint
jump
close
borrow
print
hate
Pasado
Participio
painted
jumped
closed
borrowed
printed
hated
Existen verbos irregulares, éstos verbos cambian en tiepo pasado y en tiempo pasado participio.
No siguen una regla y por lo tanto no queda otra que memorizarlos.
Ejemplo:
Presente
Wake up
think
eat
sleep
ring
fly
Pasado
Participio
Woken up
thought
eaten
slept
rung
flown
*NOTA: Al final de esta guía se encuentra un listado de los verbos más usados, con su conjugación en
presente, pasado y pasado participio, verbos regulares e irregulares.
Podemos decir que el "participio pasado" es una "forma del verbo" que va acompañada de otro
verbo (un verbo auxiliar) para formar un "tiempo verbal compuesto".
Si te fijas bien, en estos ejemplos aparece un verbo auxiliar. En español esos verbos auxiliares son
"ser/estar" o "haber".
En inglés esos verbos auxiliares son el verbo "to be" (ser/estar) y el verbo "have" (haber).
3
Presente Perfecto
Usamos el Presente Perfecto para decir que una acción pasó en un tiempo no
específico antes de ahora. El tiempo exacto no es importante. No se puede usar el
presente perfecto con una expresión de tiempo definida, tales como, ayer, hace un
año, la semana pasada, cuando era niño, cuando vivía en Japón, en ese
momento, ese día, un día, etc. Podemos usar el presente perfecto con
expresiones no específicas tales como: alguna vez, nunca, una vez, muchas
veces, en varias ocaciones, antes, hace tanto, aun, etc.
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time
before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect
with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I
was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN
use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once,
many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
FORM
[has/have + past participle]
Examples:

You have seen that movie many times.
 Have you seen that movie many times?
 You have not seen that movie many times.
Examples:








I have seen that movie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
People have traveled to the Moon.
People have not traveled to Mars.
Have you read the book yet?
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.
Other Examples:
Affirmative sentences:
I have cleaned my room.
I've cleaned my room.
You have cleaned your room.
You've cleaned your room.
Negative sentences:
I have not cleaned my room.
I've not cleaned my room.
I haven't cleaned my room.
You have not cleaned your room.
You've not cleaned your room.
You haven't cleaned your room.
Questions:
In the Present Perfect we put the auxiliary (have or has) before the subject
(Auxiliary - Subject - Verb - Rest). see:
Example:
Have you cleaned the room?
Has she cleaned the room?
4
Revisa las siguientes ligas donde encontrarás varios ejercicios:
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?03
http://s.mound.free.fr/skyblues67/presentperfect/presperfect1.htm
http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/presentperfect/exercise2.swf
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises
En la siguiente página encontrarás 26 ejercicios sobre presente perfecto, además si cometes
errores en los ejercicios se te notifican tus errores así como en qué estas equivocado.
http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/present_perfect-exercises.html
*Se adjunta lista de verbos en tiempo presente, pasado y pasado participio.
Unidad 2
TAG QUESTIONS
Use /Uso
frequently used in spoken English when you want s.o. to agree or disagree
Form /Forma o estructura gramatical
Si la oración principal está en positivo (afirmativo) , la tag question estará en el mismo tiempo
gramatical pero negativo.
Si la oración principal está en negativo, la tag question estará en el mismo tiempo gramatical
pero en forma positive (afirmativa)
positive statement ->question tag negative - You are Tom, aren't you?
negative statement->question tag positive - He isn't Joe, is he?
Examples
with auxiliaries
You've got a car, haven't you?
(oración en presente perfecto)
without auxiliaries (use: don't, doesn't, didn't)
They play football on Sundays, don't they?
She plays football on Sundays, doesn't she?
They played football on Sundays, didn't they?
We will play football on Sunday, won´t we?
(oración
(oración
(oración
(oración
en
en
en
en
presente simple)
presente simple)
pasado simple)
future )
Questions tags are used to keep a conversation going. You can agree or refuse to a sentence
with a question tag.
Las tag questions se usan para mantener una conversación. Se puede aceptar o rechazar la
pregunta.
You go to school, don't you?
You agree.
You refuse.
Yes, I do.
No, I don't.
You aren't from Germany, are you?
5
You agree.
You refuse.
No, I'm not.
Yes, I am.
En la siguiente liga encontrarás explicada nuevamente la gramática del presente simple.
http://www.grammar.cl/Intermediate/Question_Tags.htm
En la siguiente liga encontrarás más de 50 ejercicios sobre el presente simple y si te
equivocas se te indicarán tus errores.
http://www.agendaweb.org/grammar/questions_tag-exercises.html
Una liga más con ejercicios de tag question en línea.
http://www.adelescorner.org/grammar/qtags/qtags_positive.html
UNIDAD 3:
VOZ PASIVA
Use of Passive / Uso de la voz pasiva
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however,
who or what is performing the action.
La voz pasiva se usa cuando nos enfocamos más en la acción. No es importante o no se conoce
quién o qué hace la acción.
Example: My bike was stolen.
Mi bici fue robada.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who
did it. // En el ejemplo anterior nos enfocamos en que la bici fue robada. Sin embargo no sabemos
quién lo hizo.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows.
Algunas veces la voz pasiva suena mas amable que la voz active.
Example: A mistake was made.
Un error fué hecho.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have
made a mistake.). // En este caso nos centramos en que un error fué cometido pero no se culpa a
nadie. (ejem. Tu hiciste un error)
Form of Passive / Forma del Pasivo
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following: // Cuando
reescribimos un enunciado de voz active a voz pasiva, note lo siguiente:
6

the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence

the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)

the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is
dropped)

El objeto directo de la voz active, es el sujeto de la voz pasiva.

El tiempo gramatical es aplicado al verbo to be (verbo ser o estar + participio
pasado)

El sujeto de la voz activa se convierte en el objeto directo de la voz pasiva.
Examples of Passive
Tense
Simple Present
Subject
Active:
Passive:
Simple Past
Active:
Passive:
Present Perfect
Active:
Passive:
Future I
Active:
Passive:
Hilfsverben
Active:
Passive:
Verb
Object
writes
a letter.
is written
by Rita.
wrote
a letter.
A letter
was written
by Rita.
Rita
has written
a letter.
has been written
by Rita.
will write
a letter.
will be written
by Rita.
can write
a letter.
can be written
by Rita.
Rita
A letter
Rita
A letter
Rita
A letter
Rita
A letter
Examples of Passive
Tense
Present Progressive
Subject
Active:
Passive:
Past Progressive
Active:
Passive:
Past Perfect
Active:
Passive:
Future II
Active:
Passive:
Conditional I
Active:
Verb
Object
is writing
a letter.
is being written
by Rita.
was writing
a letter.
was being written
by Rita.
had written
a letter.
A letter
had been written
by Rita.
Rita
will have written
a letter.
will have been written
by Rita.
would write
a letter.
Rita
A letter
Rita
A letter
Rita
A letter
Rita
7
A letter
Passive:
Conditional II
Rita
Active:
A letter
Passive:
would be written
by Rita.
would have written
a letter.
would have been written
by Rita.
Passive Sentences with Two Objects
Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects
becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject
depends on what you want to put the focus on. // El objeto directo de la voz active se convierte en
el sujeto de la voz pasiva, observa los ejemplos.
Subject
Active:
Rita
Verb
Object 1
Object 2
wrote
a letter
to me.
Passive:
A letter
was written
to me
by Rita.
Passive:
I
was written
a letter
by Rita.
.
En la siguiente liga encontrarás explicada la gramática de la voz pasiva.
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/passive.htm
Revisa esta otra liga con más de 30 ejercicios sobre la voz pasiva.
http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/passive-exercises.html
*Se adjunta lista de verbos en tiempo presente, pasado y pasado participio.
V.
DÓNDE ESTUDIAR
Bibliografía y cibergrafía:
English with style 1 – 6. Llanas, Williams. Ed. Mc Millan.
Trends 1- 6. Llanas, Williams. Ed. Mc Millan.
Oxygen 1 y 2. Llanas, Williams. Ed. Mc Millan.
Apuntes del cuaderno de Inglés V, juego de copias de inglés V obtenidos de English with style 6 y
Trends 4.
Ligas:
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?03
http://s.mound.free.fr/skyblues67/presentperfect/presperfect1.htm
http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/presentperfect/exercise2.swf
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises
http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/present_perfect-exercises.html
http://www.grammar.cl/Intermediate/Question_Tags.htm
8
http://www.agendaweb.org/grammar/questions_tag-exercises.html
http://www.adelescorner.org/grammar/qtags/qtags_positive.html
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/passive.htm
http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/passive-exercises.html
Para mejorar tu inglés, regístrate en Duolingo, una página en la que desarrollarás mejor tus
ahbilidades para hablar y entender el inglés: http://duolingo.com/es
*Se adjunta lista de verbos en tiempo presente, pasado y pasado participio.
VI. EVALUACIÓN
Contesta a las siguientes preguntas para que evalúes tu grado de conocimientos en los
principales temas de la materia de Inglés VI.
I.
Examen para la unidad 1.
Presente Perfecto. Write have or has in the line:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
During the five years, John _______ had fifteen different jobs.
He ________ worked in banking sector.
Teddy ________ been a teacher since 2004.
I ________ been on holiday for six days.
I and Kate __________ started our own company this year.
________ your mother learned how to drive?
They ___________ never been to Madrid.
_________ ever met anyone famous?
We ___________ been married for two years.
Jude __________ not seen my new dress.
II.
Examen para la unidad 2.
Tag Questions. Complete with tag questions.
1. He hasn't got any dogs,
he?
2. Marc is good at maths,
he?
3. Sue is a beautiful girl,
4. They are smart,
she?
they?
5. Harry and Sally are in love,
6. Charles plays tennis,
they?
he?
7. She will come to the party,
she?
8. We haven't seen this film,
9. She likes thrillers,
10. You are going to London,
we?
she?
you?
9
III.
Examen para la unidad 3.
Tag Questions. Complete with tag questions.
That door
(paint) yesterday.
2. Michelangelo
(paint) the Sistine Chapel.
3. Michael Schumacher
(drive) for Ferrari in 2003.
4. In the UK, everyone
(drive) on the left.
5. Inter-city trains
(usually/drive) by men.
6. The 'La Stampa' newspaper
7. My car
(read) by two million people in Italy.
(steal)! Call the police!!!!
8. The thieves
(steal) the gold last week.
9. The Queen
(open) the bridge tomorrow.
10. The bridge
(destroy) by the storm last night.
11. I
(learn) Japanese when I was in Tokyo.
12. I
(teach) by an old Japanese man.
13. This letter
14. The new secretary
(should/type), not handwritten!
(type) at 100 wpm.
* Se adjunta lista de verbos con los verbos en presente, pasado y pasado participio. El
pasado participio se usa para el Presente Perfecto (Unidad 2) y Voz Pasiva (Unidad 3)
10
VERBS LIST
LEVEL 3
Profra. Liliana Villegas Corrales
Student
_______________________________________________________________________
SPANISH
PRESENT
PAST
PAST
PARTICIPLE
1. DESPERTARSE
WAKE UP
WOKE UP
WOKEN UP
2. LEVANTARSE
GET UP
GOT UP
GOTTEN / GOT
UP
3. VESTIRSE
GET DRESSED GOT DRESSED GOTTEN / GOT DRESSED
4. LAVARSE LOS
WASH YOUR
WASHED
WASHED
DIENTES
TEETH
COMBED YOUR HAIR
5. PEINARSE
COMB YOUR
COMBED
HAIR
YOUR HAIR
6. DESAYUNAR
EAT
ATE
EATEN
BREAKFAST
BREAKFAST
BREAKFAST
7. COMER
EAT SUPPER
ATE SUPPER
EATEN SUPPER
8. CENAR
EAT DINNER
ATE DINNER
EATEN DINNER
9. VER LA
WATCH TV
WATCHED TV
WATCHED TV
TELEVISIÓN
DONE HOMEWORK
10. HACER LA
DO
DID
TAREA
HOMEWORK
HOMEWORK
11. JUGAR
PLAY
PLAYED
PLAYED
12. TRABAJAR
WORK
WORKED
WORKED
13. BEBER
DRINK
DRANK
DRUNK
14. VER
SEE
SAW
SEEN
15. LLEVAR /TOMAR TAKE
TOOK
TAKEN
16. TRAER
BRING
BROUGHT
BROUGHT
17. COMPRAR
BUY
BOUGHT
BOUGHT
18. REGALAR
GIVE
GAVE
GIVEN
19. AYUDAR
HELP
HELPED
HELPED
20. MANEJAR
DRIVE
DROVE
DRIVEN
21. ROMPER
BREAK
BROKE
BROKEN
22. IR
GO
WENT
GONE
23. VENIR
COME
CAME
COME
24. VOLAR
FLY
FLEW
FLOWN
25. SENTIR
FEEL
FELT
FELT
26. USAR (ROPA)
WEAR
WORE
WORN
27. DORMIR
SLEEP
SLEPT
SLEPT
28. PLATICAR
TALK
TALKED
TALKED
29. DECIR / CONTAR TELL
TOLD
TOLD
30. ENTENDER
UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD
31. PENSAR EN
THINK (OF /
THOUGHT
THOUGHT
ABOUT)
32. SABER /
KNOW
KNEW
KNOWN
CONOCER
33. BRINCAR
JUMP
JUMPED
JUMPED
34. PROBAR
TRY
TRIED
TRIED
/TRATAR
35. HACER
MAKE
MADE
MADE
(MANUAL)
36. PRESTAR
LEND
LENT
LENT
37. COMPARTIR
SHARE
SHARED
SHARED
38. COCINAR
COOK
COOKED
COOKED
39. DISCULPARSE
APOLOGIZE
APOLOGIZED
APOLOGIZED
40. SER /ESTAR
BE
WAS / WERE
BEEN
41. HACER
DO
DID
DONE
(MENTAL)
11
42. TENER
HAVE
MEET
HAD
MET
HAD
MET
44. USAR / UTILIZAR
45. CORTAR
46. CORRER
47. NADAR
48. SENTARSE
49. LEVANTARSE
50. ANDAR EN BICI
51. PONER / METER
52. CAMINAR
53. ENSEÑAR
54. PERDER
55. APLAUDIR
56. ESCUCHAR A
57. CONTESTAR
58. COLOREAR
59. PEGAR
(RESISTOL)
60. CERRAR
USE
CUT
RUN
SWIM
SIT DOWN
STAND UP
DRIVE A BIKE
PUT
WALK
TEACH
LOSE
CLAP
LISTEN TO
ANSWER
COLOR
PASTE
USED
CUT
RAN
SWAM
SAT DOWN
STOOD UP
DROVE
PUT
WALKED
TAUGHT
LOST
CLAPPED
LISTENED TO
ANSWERED
COLORED
PASTED
USED
CUT
RUN
SWUM
SAT DOWN
STOOD UP
DRIVEN
PUT
WALKED
TAUGHT
LOST
CLAPPED
LISTENED TO
ANSWERED
COLORED
PASTED
CLOSE / SHUT
CLOSED/SHUTED
61. ABRIR
62. SEÑALAR (A)
63. BAILAR
64. MIRAR (A)
65. OIR
66. OLER
67. PROBAR
(COMIDA)
68. PROBAR /
TRATAR
69. TOCAR
70. PINTAR
71. DIBUJAR
72. EMPUJAR
73. JALAR
74. PRESTAR
75. PEDIR PRESTADO
76. EMPEZAR
77. TERMINAR
78. FUMAR
79. PREGUNTAR
80. VIVIR
81. BORRAR
82. AMAR
83. ODIAR
84. ESTUDIAR
85. GANAR
OPEN
POINT TO
DANCE
LOOK AT
HEAR
SMELL
TASTE
CLOSED
/SHUTED
OPENED
POINTED TO
DANCED
LOOKED AT
HEARD
SMELT
TASTED
TRY
TRIED
TRIED
TOUCH
PAINT
DRAW
PUSH
PULL
LEND
BORROW
START
FINISH
SMOKE
ASK
LIVE
ERASE
LOVE
HATE
STUDY
WIN
TOUCHED
PAINTED
DREW
PUSHED
PULLED
LENT
BORROWED
STARTED
FINISHED
SMOKED
ASKED
LIVED
ERASED
LOVED
HATED
STUDIED
WON
TOUCHED
PAINTED
DRAWN
PUSHED
PULLED
LENT
BORROWED
STARTED
FINISHED
SMOKED
ASKED
LIVED
ERASED
LOVED
HATED
STIDIED
WON
43. REUNIRSE / CONOCER
(GENTE)
OPENED
POINTED TO
DANCED
LOOKED AT
HEARD
SMELT
TASTED
12