Download Utensilios de cocina

Food Safety
Seguridad Alimentaria
Know your Equipment
Conozca su equipo
TL008
Objectives - objetivo
 Explain how to use and care for major kitchen appliances.
 Use portable appliances in the foods lab.
 Identify various types of kitchen utensils and explain their
uses.
 Explicar cómo usar y cuidar de las principales aplicaciones
de la cocina.
 Utilizar aparatos portátiles en el laboratorio de alimentos.
 Identificar los distintos tipos de utensilios de cocina y
explicar sus usos.
Major Appliances
 Major appliances are the most costly
kitchen tools
 They are used for storage, cooking,
and cleanup
 Electrodomésticos son las
herramientas de cocina más
costosos
 Se utilizan para el almacenamiento,
la cocina y la limpieza
© Joellen L Armstrong/Shutterstock
The Refrigerator - el Frigorífico
 Keeps food cold to retard food spoilage
 Temperature inside should be 35°F to
40°F
 Do not open door unnecessarily
 Try not to overcrowd
 Mantiene la comida fría para retardar la
descomposición de los alimentos
 En el interior de la temperatura debe ser
de 35 ° F a 40 ° F
 No abra la puerta innecesariamente
 Trate de no saturar
© Filipe B. Varela/Shutterstock
The Range - el Range
 Basic meal preparation appliance
 Most have four surface units, an oven, and a
broiler
 Comida básica de preparación aparato
 La mayoría cuenta con cuatro unidades de
superficie, un horno y una parrilla
© Jami Garrison/Shutterstock
© Feng Yu/Shutterstock
The Microwave Oven - El horno de microondas
 Microwave ovens cook using microwaves, or highfrequency energy waves
 Hornos microondas cocinar con microondas y ondas de
energía de alta frecuencia
The Microwave Oven - El horno de microondas
Microwaves create heat by causing food molecules to vibrate rapidly
and creates friction –
Microondas haciendo que las moléculas de alimentos a vibrar
rápidamente para crear calor y fricciones
Saves time & energy - Ahorra tiempo y energía
Use and care Uso y cuidado
Follow mfg.’s cooking guidelines -Siga MFG. De directrices de cocina
Do not turn on an empty microwave oven - No encienda un horno
microondas vacío
Avoid metal utensils; use microwave-safe paper, glass, and plastic Evite utensilios de metal; utilizar para microondas de papel, vidrio y
plástico
Keep interior clean - Mantenga limpio el interior
The Cleanup Appliances - Los aparatos de limpieza
 Aid in making cleanup quick and easy
 Ayuda en hacer una limpieza rápida y fácil
Dishwashers - lavavajillas
Food waste disposers - Los trituradores de
desperdicios de comida
© Artpose Adam Borkowski/Shutterstock
Trash compactors - compactadores de basura
Think Further - Piense más
 Ask your parents what factors
they considered when buying
appliances for your home.
 Pídeles a tus padres Qué
factores consideran al comprar
electrodomésticos para su
hogar.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
© Photoroller/Shutterstock
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Kitchen Utensils - Utensilios de cocina
 A kitchen utensil is a handheld kitchen tool used for..
 Un utensilio de cocina es un utensilio de cocina de
mano utilizada para..
Measuring - medición
Cutting - corte
Mixing - mezclando
Cooking - cocina
Baking - cocción
 Read and follow instructions - Lea y siga las
instrucciones
Measuring Utensils - Utensilios de medición
 Measuring utensils help you correctly measure recipe ingredients
 Ayuda de utensilios de medición correctamente medir ingredientes de la
receta
 Dry measuring cups measure dry ingredients, shortening, and
chopped foods
 Tazas medidoras secos medir ingredientes secos, manteca y los
alimentos picados
 Liquid measuring cups measure ingredients such as water, milk, oil,
and syrup
 Tazas medidoras líquidos medir ingredientes tales como agua, leche,
aceite y jarabe
 Measuring spoons measure small amounts of liquid, dry, and solid
ingredients
 Cucharas de medir medir pequeñas cantidades de ingredientes líquidos,
secos y sólidos
Cutting Utensils - Utensilios de corte
 Cutting utensils are used to peel,
pare, chop, slice, shred, carve,
and debone foods
 Utensilios de corte se utilizan para
pelar, pare, picar, rebanar,
desmenuzar, tallar y deshuesar los
alimentos
© viviamo/Shutterstock
Cutting Utensils
 Many types of knives - Muchos tipos de cuchillos
 French or chef’s knife - El francés o el cuchillo del cocinero
 Paring knife - cuchillo de cocina
 Utility knife - cuchillo de uso
 Carving knife - trinchante
 Serrated knife - cuchillo de sierra
 Other cutting utensils - Otros utensilios de corte
 Cutting boards - tablas de cortar
 Kitchen shears - tijeras de cocina
 Peeler - policía
 Shredder-grater - Shredder-rallador
Mixing Utensils - Mezcla Utensilios
 Se utiliza para mezclar, combinar, revolviendo,
batiendo, mezcla, y azotes
 Mixing bowls
 Mixing spoons
 Rubber scrapers
 Rotary beaters
 Whisks
 tazones
 Mezclar las cucharas
 rasquetas de caucho
 batidores de Rotary
 Batidores
© Thomas M Perkins/Shutterstock
 Used for mixing, combining, stirring, beating,
blending, and whipping
Cookware and Bakeware – Batería de cocina
 Cookware is used to cook on top of the range
 Saucepans - cacerolas
 Double boiler - doble caldera
 Skillets - Sartenes
 Griddles - Planchas
 Kettles - Hervidores
© Evgeny Litvinov/Shutterstock
 Utensilios de cocina se utiliza para cocinar en la parte
superior de la gama
Bake ware is used for baking foods in the
oven
Vajilla hornee se utiliza para la cocción de los
alimentos en el horno
Cookie sheets - bandejas para hornear
Roasting pans - bandejas para asar
Casseroles - Cacerolas
Cooling racks - bastidores de refrigeración
Safety and Sanitation
Seguridad y Saneamiento
Objectives - objetivo
◊ Follow safety practices in the kitchen when preparing
foods.
◊ Siga las prácticas de seguridad en la cocina al preparar los
alimentos.
◊ List specific guidelines that fall under the steps clean,
separate, cook, and chill for keeping foods safe to eat.
◊ Directrices específicas de la lista que caen bajo los pasos
limpiar, separan, cocinar y enfriar para mantener los
alimentos seguros comer.
Make It Safe - Que sea seguro
 Sanitation is the process of maintaining a clean and healthful
environment
 El saneamiento es el proceso de mantener un ambiente limpio y
saludable
 Following sanitary food preparation measures assures that food is
safe to eat
 Siguiendo las medidas de preparación sanitaria alimentaria
asegura que es seguro comer alimentos
 Following safety practices will help prevent accidents in the kitchen
 Siguiendo las prácticas de seguridad ayudará a evitar accidentes
en la cocina
 Following sanitary food preparation measures
assures that food is safe to eat
 Siguiendo las medidas de preparación sanitaria
alimentaria asegura que es seguro comer
alimentos
 Following safety practices will help prevent
accidents in the kitchen
 Siguiendo las prácticas de seguridad ayudará a
evitar accidentes en la cocina
Using Appliances and Utensils Safely
Usando aparatos y utensilios con seguridad
 Many accidents are caused by the misuse
of equipment
 Muchos accidentes son causados por el mal uso? De equipo
 Follow all manufacturer’s use and care instructions carefully
 Siga uso y cuidado todas las instrucciones del fabricante
cuidadosamente
 Know how to use utensils, cookware, and bakeware correctly
 Saber utilizar los utensilios, utensilios de cocina y los
utensilios para hornear correctamente
 Practice safety procedures
 Procedimientos de seguridad Práctica
Keep It Sanitary - Manténgalo Sanitaria
 Foodborne Illnesses are sicknesses caused by eating contaminated
food
 Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos son enfermedades causadas
por el consumo de alimentos contaminados
 Special precautions are needed for
 Es necesario tomar precauciones especiales para
 pregnant women - mujeres embarazadas
 young children - niños pequeños
 older adults - los adultos mayors
 people with weakened immune systems - las personas con
sistemas inmunes debilitados
 If you suspect any food is spoiled, do not taste it
and throw it away immediately
 Si sospecha de que cualquier alimento
estropeado, no pruebo y tirarlo inmediatamente
 Food safety involves four basic steps
 Seguridad alimentaria implica cuatro pasos
básicos
Clean - limpio
Separate - separado
Cook - cocinero
Chill - escalofrío
Clean Hands, Utensils, and Surfaces
Limpiar las manos, utensilios y las superficies
Keep utensils and work area clean
Guardar utensilios y área de trabajo limpia
Wash hands before handling food and after
handling raw meats, poultry, fish, or eggs
Lávese las manos antes de manipular alimentos
y después de manipular carne cruda, aves de
corral, pescado o huevos
© Matthew Benoit/Shutterstock
 Clean fingernails - uñas limpias
 Keep hair back and out of food - Mantenga el
cabello hacia atrás y sin comida
 Wear a clean apron - Use un delantal limpio
 Wear plastic gloves if you have an open sore on
your hand - Use guantes de plástico si tiene una
herida abierta en la mano
Clean Hands, Utensils, and Surfaces
Limpiar las manos, utensilios y las superficies
 Don’t touch food with your hands if you can avoid it
 No tocar la comida con las manos si se puede evitar
 Do not lick fingers or cooking utensils
 No lamer los dedos o utensilios de cocina
 Wash dishes with hot soapy water
 Lave los platos con agua caliente y jabón
 Replace cutting boards when they become hard to clean;
wash and sanitize after each use
 Reemplace las tablas de cortar cuando se vuelven difíciles de
limpiar; lavar y desinfectar después de cada uso
© Piotr Marcinski/Shutterstock
 Keep counters clean
 Mantenga limpios los mostradores
 Wash tops of cans before opening them
 Lávese las tapas de las latas antes de abrirlas
 Wash fruits and vegetables under running water
 Lave las frutas y verduras con agua corriente
 Do not use a used hand towel to dry dishes
 No use una toalla de mano para secar platos
Separate Raw and Cooked Foods
Separar los alimentos crudos y cocidos
 Keep raw foods separate from other foods because they
may contain disease-causing bacteria
 Separar los alimentos crudos de otros alimentos porque
pueden contener bacterias que causan enfermedades
 Cross-contamination is the spread of bacteria from a
contaminated food to other food, equipment, or surfaces
 La contaminación cruzada es la diseminación de
bacterias de un alimento contaminado a otros alimentos,
equipos o superficies
Separate Raw and Cooked
Foods
 Handle perishable protein foods with care
 Place them in individual plastic bags at the grocery store
 Wash cutting boards and other equipment immediately after using
 Never serve food on the same plate that held it before cooking
Cook Foods Thoroughly
Cocine bien los alimentos
 Use a food thermometer to ensure foods are cooked to the
recommended temperatures
 Use un termómetro para alimentos para asegurar que los
alimentos son cocinados a las temperaturas recomendadas
 Do not partially cook meats, poultry, or fish
 No cocine parcialmente carnes, aves o pescado
 Stuff meats, poultry, and fish just before baking and remove
stuffing promptly after baking
 Peces, aves y carnes cosas justo antes de hornear y quitar relleno
con prontitud después de hornear
Cook Foods Thoroughly
Cocine bien los alimentos
 Never set the oven lower than 325°F
when cooking meats
 Nunca programar el horno inferior a
325° F cuando cocine carnes
 Keep hot foods above 140°F
 Mantener los alimentos calientes por
encima de 140° F
 Reheat leftovers to at least 165°F
 Recalentar sobras a por lo menos 165°
F
Chill Foods Promptly
Chill alimentos rápidamente
 Refrigerator temperatures slow the growth of harmful
bacteria
 Las temperaturas del refrigerador lento el crecimiento de
bacterias dañinas
 Keep perishable foods chilled until you are ready to prepare
or eat them
 Mantener los alimentos perecederos refrigerados hasta que
estés listo para preparar o comer
 Chill leftover foods as soon as you are done eating
 Enfriar los alimentos sobrantes en cuanto termines
comiendo
Chill Foods Promptly
Chill alimentos rápidamente
 Select frozen and refrigerated foods last
 Seleccione alimentos congelados y refrigerados últimos
 Get foods home as soon as possible
 Obtener alimentos a casa tan pronto como sea posible
 Promptly store foods needing refrigeration
 Almacenar rápidamente los alimentos que necesitan
refrigeración
 Wrap foods properly for storage
 Envuelva los alimentos correctamente para el
almacenamiento
 Use thermometers to monitor storage temperatures
 Use termómetros para controlar las temperaturas de
almacenamiento
 Keep freezer at 0°F or lower
 Mantenga el congelador a 0 ° F o menos
 Keep refrigerator at 40°F or lower
 Mantenga el refrigerador a 40 ° F o menos
 Thaw perishable foods overnight in the refrigerator or in the
microwave just before cooking
 Descongele los alimentos perecederos durante la noche en el
refrigerador o en el microondas justo antes de cocinar
 Marinate meat, poultry, and fish in the refrigerator
 Marinar la carne, aves y pescado en el refrigerador
 Never leave perishable foods out over two hours
 Nunca deje los alimentos perecederos fuera más de dos
horas
 Put leftovers in shallow containers and refrigerate or
freeze promptly
 Guarde las sobras en recipientes poco profundos y
refrigerar o congelar rápidamente
 Keep cold foods—below 40°F
 Mantenga los alimentos fríos por debajo de 40 ° F
Using a Recipe
Usando una Receta
Objectives - objetivo
 Identify the information found in a recipe and follow it
successfully.
 Demonstrate proper measuring techniques for different types of
ingredients.
 Define cooking terms used in recipes.
 Describe two categories of cooking methods.
 Identificar la información encontrada en una receta y seguirlo
con éxito.
 Demostrar técnicas de medición adecuadas para diferentes tipos
de ingredientes.
 Defina los términos de cocción utilizados en las recetas.
 Se describen dos categorías de métodos de cocción.
Recipe - receta
 A recipe is a list of ingredients with a complete set of
instructions for preparing
a food product
 Una receta es una lista de ingredientes con un conjunto
completo de instrucciones para la preparación de un producto
alimenticio
Understanding How to Use Recipes
Entender cómo utilizar recetas
 Ingredient list tells you what ingredients you need and the
exact amounts of each
 Lista de ingredientes te dice qué ingredientes necesita y las
cantidades exactas de cada uno
 Preparation directions tell you
 how to combine the ingredients
 sizes for cookware or bakeware
 oven temperatures and cooking times
 Yield tells how many servings it makes
Measuring Techniques
 Measuring dry ingredients
 Use dry measuring cups or measuring spoons
 Overfill a cup or spoon and level it off with a straight-edged
spatula or knife
Measuring Techniques
 Measuring liquids
 Use glass or clear plastic measuring cups
 Measure on a flat surface
 Fill to the correct measurement line; check at
eye level
 Use measuring spoons for small amounts
© PeterG/Shutterstock
Measuring Techniques
 Measuring shortenings and other solid foods
 Use dry measuring cups; use measuring spoons for small
amounts
 Press ingredient into the cup or spoon so
no air space remains
 Level it off with a straight-edged spatula or knife
Understanding Recipe Terms
baste
beat
blend
brown
chop
cream
cut in
dice
dredge
fold
knead
marinate
continued
Understanding Recipe Terms
mash
sear
mince
mix
reconstitute
scald
sift
slice
stir
whip
Changing the Yield
 Recipes can be adjusted to change yields
 Measurement equivalents are amounts that are equal to
other amounts
 Example: 1/4 cup equals 4 tablespoons
 When changing recipe yield, write down ingredient
amounts to avoid confusion
Learning Cooking Methods
 Knowing various cooking methods will help
you create tasty, nutritious meals
© Kruchankova Maya/Shutterstock
Basic Cooking Methods
Moist heat cooking methods
food is cooked in a humid
environment
© Danie Nel/Shutterstock
Basic Cooking Methods
Moist heat cooking methods
 b
oil
stew
 b
raise
simmer
team
 s
 Basic microwave cooking uses moist heat
Basic Cooking Methods
 Dry heat cooking methods
 food is cooked in hot air or on a hot surface
without added moisture
© ppart/Shutterstock
Basic Cooking Methods
Dry heat cooking methods
bake/roast
broil
deep-fry
 grill
panbroil
panfry
stir-fry
General Cooking Guidelines
 Conserve nutrients
 Avoid overcooking food
 Use as little water as possible in simmering
 Use the liquid in which foods are boiled to make soups, sauces, and
gravies
Microwave Cooking
© Paul Orr/Shutterstock
 Most foods cook much faster in a microwave oven than in a conventional oven
continued
Microwave Cooking
 Microwaves are used to defrost foods at the last minute
 Pierce skins or wrappers before microwaving to prevent
exploding food items
 Cover foods in the microwave
 Use a microwavable dish with lid or microwave-safe plastic
wraps
continued
Microwave Cooking
 When using microwave-safe plastic wraps
 leave about 1 inch of space between plastic and food
 leave a loose corner for venting
 Promote even cooking by stirring, rearranging, or rotating the food
 Many recipes recommend standing time to allow the food to finish cooking
Cooking Smart
Objectives
 Plan a meal management time plan at home.
 Demonstrate how to work as an effective team member in the foods lab.
At Home
 Goal: Have all the food ready and at the right
temperature at serving time
 The key lies in planning and scheduling
Using a Time Plan
 Write a time plan to help coordinate your cooking schedule
 Establish the time you want the meal served
 Count back to decide when to start each part of the meal
 When serving many foods that are cooked in the oven, choose foods
that have compatible oven temperatures
Making Meal Preparations
 Some dishes can be prepared or assembled ahead of time
 soups
 salads
 casseroles
 Prepare several dishes at once, then freeze and reheat later
Using Computer Technologies
• Tiny computers called microprocessors are
in appliances
 Microwave oven
 Range
 Coffeemaker
Using Computer Technologies
 Personal computers and electronic
devices
 Store recipes and menu plans
 Calculate amounts of ingredients
 Prepare shopping lists
 Access websites
At School
 When you prepare food at school, you
learn
 cooking
 teamwork
Working with Others
 Limited class time must be scheduled carefully
 Plan ahead so teamwork goes more smoothly
 Know what tasks you are expected to complete and when
 Be cooperative and have a positive attitude
Planning the Lab
 A work plan is a detailed list of all duties that need to be
completed
 Identify who will perform each task
 List ingredients and utensils needed
Making Out the Shopping List
 Determine what foods
you will prepare (teacher)
 Locate recipes
 List all ingredients needed
Making a Time Schedule
 Make a time schedule that includes all the tasks to be done
 Prioritize tasks in order of importance
 List tasks that require the most time first
 Decide who will perform each task
Evaluating the Lab Experience
 Evaluate yourself
 Ask what you did well
 Identify areas in which you can improve
 Evaluate your group as a whole
 How can you improve on weak areas?