Download Ejercicios de tiempos verbales PRESENTE SIMPLE Presente

Ejercicios de tiempos verbales
PRESENTE SIMPLE
Presente simple: se forma con el infinitivo, añadiendo una “-s” para la tercera persona; se
usa para acciones habituales:
I get up at half past six
He goes to the cinema from time to time
A menudo utilizamos adverbios de frecuencia: always, often, frequently, sometimes, hardly,
rarely ...
I always get up at half past five - I get up at five every day / every week day
She often eats out
I sometimes go to the cinema on Saturdays
She hardly sees her friends
Rellena los huecos con el presente simple de los verbos entre paréntesis
1. My sister (WAKE UP) ____________________ at seven.
2. My hamster (BE) ____________________ two months old.
3. I (usually / BEAT) ____________________ my brother at chess.
4. Silk worms (BECOME) ____________________ butterflies.
5. Films (always / BEGIN) ____________________ at 5:30 in Zamora.
6. Students (sometimes / BEND) ____________________ the rules.
7. I (never / BET) ____________________.
8. Your dog (hardly / BITE) ____________________, he’s a very nice dog.
9. Wounds (normally / BLEED) ____________________.
10. Winds (usually / BLOW) ____________________ hard in Ponferrada.
11. If you (BREAK) ____________________ it you (pay) ____________________ for it.
12. Arabians (BREED) ____________________ the best racing horses in the world.
13. Jack (always /BRING) ____________________ his backpack.
14. Masons (BUILD) ____________________ houses.
15. We (sometimes / BURN) ____________________ confidential papers.
16. These tyres (normally /BURST) ____________________ after 1000 km.
17. My mother (generally /BUY) ____________________ at that shop.
18. I (usually /CAN) ____________________ stay out after dinner.
19. My brother (CATCH) ____________________ the bus every morning.
20. We (always /CHOOSE) ____________________ class rep at the beginning of the course.
21. We (COME) ____________________ to school by bus.
22. These sneakers (usually / COST) ____________________ a lot of money.
El presente simple describe una acción que sucede todos los días o continuamente:
I work
you work
he works
she works
it works
we work
you work
they work
Escribe la forma correcta del presente simple para los verbos entre paréntesis.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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8.
9.
10.
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She (read) the newspaper every day. -> She reads the newspaper every day.
We (come) ____________________ to school by bus.
I always (walk) ____________________ to school.
You and I (play) ____________________ in the park every afternoon.
I (eat) ____________________ lunch in the cafeteria every day.
Helen (work) ____________________ very hard.
I (like) ____________________ sitting in the sun.
The dog (chase) ____________________ the cat all around the house.
Mr. Smith (work) ____________________ for Eastern Airlines.
Gene generally (sit) ____________________ at this desk.
We always (play) ____________________ tennis on Saturdays.
He always (cook) ____________________ dinner at home.
They (eat) ____________________ lunch together every day.
Some girls (ride) ____________________ the bus to school.
They (take) ____________________ a lot of trips together.
We always (travel) ____________________ by car.
You (attend) ____________________ church every Sunday.
He (speak) ____________________ several foreign languages.
La forma negativa del presente simple se construye poniendo “not” a la derecha del verbo
si el verbo es auxiliar (to be, to have) o modal (can, must, should) y con el presente del verbo
TO DO más “not” a la izquierda del verbo si el verbo no es de los mencionados
anteriormente:
I am Spanish - I am NOT Spanish
She has some friend - she has NOT any friends
She can swim - She canNOT swim
I must go home early - I must NOT GO home late
She should listen to me - She should NOT listen to him
“I live here” – “I DO NOT live there” (el verbo “live” está en infinitivo)
“He comes at 8:45” – “He DOES NOT COME at 6:50” (el verbo “come” esta en
infinitivo)
Reescribe las frases anteriores en su forma negativa.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Negatives
I do not know (I don't know)
we do not know (we don't know)
you do not know (you don't know) you do not know (you don't know)
he does not know (he doesn't know)
she does not know (she doesn't know)
they do not know (they don’t know)
it does not know (it doesn't know)
Acuérdate de que después de does not (doesn't), el verbo no tienela “-s” de la 3ª persona.
Cambia estas frases de afirmativa a negativa.
1. I work on the tenth floor. -> I do not work on the tenth floor.)
2. Ella likes to study English.
3. You speak English well.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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The plane leaves at ten o'clock.
He knows everyone in the school.
I feel good.
He eats lunch in the cafeteria every day.
She always comes to class late.
They live in Chicago.
We need a fan in this room.
Janet and I study together.
I understand everything he says.
She wants to visit Caracas.
He begins his new job this week.
The child plays in the park every afternoon.
Gina and James make mistakes in spelling.
It rains in the summer.
You own a watch.
La forma interrogativa, igual que la negativa, es diferente para los verbos no auxiliares: se
conjuga el verbo TO DO en presente a la izquierda del sujeto; a la derecha del sujeto se
coloca el verbo principal en su forma base (infinitivo sin TO):
He likes sweets - he does not like sweets
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Questions
Escribe preguntas en presente simple colocando do o does ante el sujeto.
Do I study?
Do you study?
Does he study?
Does she study?
Does it study?
Do we study?
Do you study?
Do they study?
Reescribe estas frases en forma interrogativa.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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6.
7.
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9.
10.
11.
12.
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15.
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Patricia goes to class twice a week. -> Does Patricia go to class twice a week?
They enjoy their English lessons.
That company buys a lot of merchandise from us.
It looks like rain.
He drives to Washington once a week.
The class meets on the third floor.
He seems to be very busy.
This book belongs to her.
You like New York.
You speak French well.
He often goes out of town.
I take the Number 65 bus to my new job.
They sell newspapers there.
The store opens at nine o'clock.
It closes at five-thirty.
He smokes a lot.
17. She lives in Los Angeles.
18. He and I sing too softly.
19. Tony and his mother play chess every day.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Questions
Las preguntas se forman poniendo do o does a la izquierda del sujeto.
Valerie lives alone. - Does Valerie live alone? - Why does Valene live alone?
Escribe do o does para completar estas preguntas en presente simple.
1. Where __________ Sam live? - Where does Sam live?
2. How often __________ you go to the movies?
3. What time __________ the plane leave?
4. What language besides English __________ your teacher speak?
5. What time __________ you get up every morning?
6. What time __________ the rest of your family get up?
7. When __________ they get up every morning?
8. How well __________ Edna speak French?
9. Where __________ you usually meet Lois after the lesson?
10. How much __________ it cost to fly from Havana to Madrid?
11. How often __________ it rain during the month of April in your country?
12. How much __________ you generally pay for a pair of shoes?
13. How long __________ your lesson last?
14. What time __________ your lesson begin and what time __________ it end?
15. Where __________ you live?
16. How __________ you feel today?
17. Where __________ Ed go every day after the lesson?
18. Where __________ you eat lunch every day?
19. What __________ you generally do over the weekend?
20. Which movie star __________ you like best?
21. Why __________ Jane want to study Russian?
22. How often __________ you go for a walk in the park?
Más preguntas
Cambia estas frases a su forma negativa, preguntando por las palabras subrayadas.
1. They live in Boston. - Where do they live?
2. The lesson begins at eight o'clock.
3. They get home at six o'clock every night.
4. The travel agent speaks French poorly. (How well)
5. Those books cost $8.95.
6. They travel by car.
7. He comes here once a week.
8. She feels good.
9. Francine wants to learn English in order to get a better job.
10. They meet on the corner every morning.
11. We go to the movies twice a week.
12. The banker goes to the park after the lesson.
13. We learn ten new words every day.
14. They eat lunch in the cafeteria.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
He drives a Ford.
This book belongs on the shelf.
The class meets in Room 10.
She teaches us grammar.
It rains in the spring.
He gets up at seven o'clock every morning.
She goes to bed at ten o'clock.
PRESENTE CONTINUO
El presente continuo se forma con el presente del verbo TO BE y el gerundio (forma en “ing”) del verbo que necesitemos. Se usa para las acciones que se están realizando en este
momento:
I am doing some English exercises
We are staying at my aunt’s this month
Recuerda que los verbos de sentidos involuntarios no usan tiempos continuos, en su lugar
usan el verbo “can”
I can see Juan right now.
Rellena los huecos con el presente continuo de los verbos entre paréntesis
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There’s a snake It (CREEP) ____________________ on the road now.
John (CUT ) ____________________ the bread for the sandwiches.
Your dog (DIG) ____________________ a hole in the garden.
We (DO) ____________________ this exercise
He (DRAW) ____________________ a caricature of the teacher.
He (DAYDREAM )
My sister (DRINK) ____________________ a coke.
John (DRIVE) ____________________ an SUV
They (EAT ) ____________________ a sandwich.
A person (FALL) ____________________ down the stairs.
The farmer (FEED) ____________________ the chicken.
I (FEEL) ____________________ OK
John and Jack (FIGHT ) ____________________ in the playground now.
The thieves (FLEE) ____________________ the scene of the crime.
Look at the bird. It (FLY) ____________________ over the houses.
The weather is very cold. It (FREEZE) ____________________!
I (GET) ____________________ the hang of it. (le estoy cogiendo el tranquillo)
In this photo Paul (GIVE) ____________________ a kiss to a frog.
We (GO ) ____________________ to school
My brother (GROW) ____________________ a tomato plant in the balcony.
My T-shirt (HANG) ____________________ on the door.
Sheila (HAVE ) ____________________ coffee and a croissant.
La forma negativa se construye añadiendo NOT a la derecha del auxiliar:
I am NOT doing some English exercises
We are NOT staying at my aunt’s this month
PASADO SIMPLE
se forma añadiendo “-ed” a la raíz (la forma del infinitivo) del verbo:
walk - walked
talk - talked
o la segunda columna de los verbos irregulares:
see - saw
come - came
Se utiliza para hablar de cosas que sucedieron en el pasado.
I walked to school yesterday
Yesterday I bought a new T-shirt
My friend gave me an mp3 player
Rellena los huecos con el pasado simple de los verbos entre paréntesis
PAST TENSE Regular Verbs
Escribe el pasado de los verbos entre parántesis
1. We (work) in our garden all day yesterday. - We worked in our garden all day yesterday.
2. I (listen) ________ to the radio until twelve o'clock last night.
3. Meg and I (talk) ________ on the telephone yesterday.
4. He always (want) ________ to learn English.
5. They (live) ________ in France for many years.
6. We (expect) ________ to go to Europe in June.
7. The meeting (last) ________ about two hours.
8. We (change) ________ planes in Seattle.
9. We both (like) ________ the movies last night very much.
10. I (wait) ________ almost two hours for Gertrude.
11. They (paint) ________ their house white.
12. She (arrive) ________ late for class.
13. We (watch) ________ television until eleven o'clock last night.
14. She (study) ________ in our class last semester.
15. I (mail) ________ your letter on my way to work.
16. We both (learn) ________ how to swim many years ago.
17. Perry (marry) ________ Barbara eight months ago.
PAST TENSE Irregular Verbs
Escribe el pasado de los verbos entre paréntesis
1. Mr. and Mrs. Rockwell (come) came to visit us last night.
2. They (tell) __________ us about their plans for their new home.
3. The weather was warm, so we (sit) __________ on our front porch.
4. I (put) __________ your coat in the closet.
5. The meeting last night (begin) __________ at eight and ended at ten.
6. I stayed home last night and (write) __________ several letters.
7. I (see) __________ you on the street yesterday.
8. This book (cost) __________ $5.50.
9. I (eat) __________ my lunch in the cafeteria yesterday.
10. The man (drink) __________ a lot of wine at the party last night.
11. I (give) _______ Joe your message and also (tell) ________ him my ideas on the subject.
12. Ms. Reese finally (sell) __________ her house.
13. I (hear) __________ the President speak on television last night.
14. My father (know) __________ Mr. Evans well even before he (come) __________ to live
in this town.
15. Kim (feel) __________ well yesterday, but today she feels sick again.
16. We (go) __________ to the park yesterday and (get) __________ wet when it rained.
17. I (read) __________ the novel several years ago.
18. You (have) __________ a cold last week.
19. Senator Jordan (speak) __________ to our club last month.
20.The escaped prisoner (HIDE) ____________________ behind the rock.
21. Someone (HIT) ____________________ John with a stone.
22. My mother (HOLD) ____________________ my glasses while I washed.
23. I (HURT) ____________________ my foot with a box.
24. I (KEEP) ____________________ my silkworms in a box when I was a kid.
25. The child (KNEEL) ____________________ in church.
26. I (KNOW) ____________________ the answer.
27. The captain (LEAD) ____________________ the soldiers into the battle.
28. The dog (LEAP) ____________________ over the puddle.
29. Everybody (LEARN) ____________________ yesterday’s lesson.
30. We (LEAVE) ____________________ at 15:30 yesterday.
31. Jack (LEND) ____________________ me his knife.
32. I (LET) ____________________ Lou sit by me at Maths today.
33. My cousin (LOSE) ____________________ his pencil last week.
La forma negativa del pasado simple se construye colocando DID NOT a la izquierda de la
forma base (infinitivo sin TO) del verbo que necesitamos:
I walked to school yesterday - I DID NOT WALK to school yesterday
Yesterday I bought a new T-shirt - Yesterday I DID NOT BUY a T-shirt
My friend gave me an mp3 player - My friend DID NOT GIVE me a T-shirt
Escribir la forma negativa de las frases del ejercicio anterior.
PAST TENSE Negatives
Cambia estas frases a su forma negativa
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
They ate chicken for dinner. - They did not eat chicken for dinner.
You told me about it.
He put the books on the table.
They stayed in Mexico City.
Judy and I saw Eliot yesterday.
He planned his work well.
The meeting lasted a long time.
The book cost $3.95.
9.
10.
11.
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14.
15.
16.
The woman and her husband worked together.
I knew him very well.
They sold their home.
I spoke with George about that matter.
She came to the meeting alone.
We sat together at the concert last night.
I went to Bermuda by boat.
You gave her your message.
PAST TENSE Questions
Las preguntas se forman colocando did a la izquierda del sujeto y cambiando el verbo
principal a la forma base (infinitive sin TO).
She went home. Did she go home?
did I work
did you work
did he work
did she work
did it work
did we work
did you work
did they work
Cambia estas frases a interrogativa
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3.
4.
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6.
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She lived in Peru for two years. - Did she live in Peru for two years?
He gave her a lot of presents.
They stayed in Europe all summer.
She told them all about her trip.
You moved here in February.
Terry flew to Minneapolis.
We went home after you did last night.
They came to the party together.
Carla and Dave knew each other as children.
He worked in that firm for many years.
She felt much better after her operation.
The meeting began on time.
I passed all my examinations.
They put him in the advanced class.
I gave you my new telephone number.
The crowd waited a long time to see the President.
PAST TENSE Questions
Haz preguntas sobre las palabras subrayadas.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Marianne arrived at ten o’clock. - What time did Marianne arrive?
They sold their home last week.
The meeting began at eight-thirty.
The tickets cost three dollars.
He paid for the car by check.
She invested ten thousand dollars in the stock market.
7.
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They sat in the first row.
He spoke to them in French.
The meeting lasted two hours.
It began at eight o’clock.
I telephoned her at two o’clock.
He went to Denver to see some friends.
You mentioned it to him three or four times.
They ate lunch in the school cafeteria.
We worked there for five years.
I put the mail on Mr. Agee’s desk.
She waited for them for an hour.
We got home around midnight.
He walked to school with Peg.
You went to the park after the lesson.
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERB REVIEW
Completa estas frases con el pasado simple de los verbos entre paréntesis.
1. The police (catch) __________ the thief after the robbery. - The police caught the thief
after the robbery.
2. The students (write) __________ the sentences on the blackboard.
3. Edgar (forget) __________ to bring his books to school.
4. The plane (arrive) __________ an hour late.
5. Gwen (answer) __________ all the teacher's questions.
6. The secretary (make) __________ some mistakes in the letter.
7. The bell (ring) __________ ten minutes ago.
8. I (wait) __________ for Beth for half an hour.
9. The students (go) __________ to this class when the bell (ring) __________.
10. Our new car (cost) __________ more than eight thousand dollars.
11. I (try) __________ to get to school on time yesterday.
12. We (have) __________ a very good time at the picnic.
13. They (plan) __________ to take their vacation in June.
14. A1 (take) __________ his vacation in May last year.
15. Amos (send) __________ a present to his mother.
16. Joyce (need) __________ a new umbrella for months; she finally (buy) __________ one
last week.
17. The teacher (speak) __________ to the students' parents.
18. He (tell) __________ them that they (have) __________ to study harder.
19. You (break) __________ a lot of dishes last week.
20. I (think) __________ about the problem all night.
21. Mamie Gallagher (be) __________ the president of her company for five years.
22. She (know) __________ the presidents of all the other companies.
23. We (understand) __________ them even when they (speak) __________ rapidly.
PASADO CONTINUO
El pasado continuo se usa para hablar:
a) de algo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento específico en el pasado:
I was having lunch at 3:15 yesterday (había empezado antes y seguiría mas allá de las
3:15)
When I saw him he was having lunch (igual que la anterior, sólo que sustituimos el
momento -la hora- por una acción más o menos puntual, o que se percibe, se entiende,
como una acción corta.
La acción larga puede ir introducida por “while” o “as”
I met him while he was waiting for the bus
b) para hablar de dos acciones largas paralelas:
while she was talking to me her little sister was picking her nose (durante un rato la
hermana mayor estuvo hablando conmigo; a la vez, y también durante un rato, la hermana
pequeña estuvo haciendo labores de minería en sus fosas nasales)
La forma negativa del pasado continuo se construye añadiendo NOT a la derecha del verbo
auxiliar:
I was NOT having lunch at 3:15 yesterday
PASADO CONTINUO
El pasado continuo se forma con el pasado simple de TO BE y el gerundio del verbo
principal.
I was working
you were working
he was working
we were working
you were working
they were working
El pasado continuo describe una acción pasada que estaba en transcurso cuando otra acción
ocurrió.
I was sleeping when you called.
They were eating dinner when we arrived.
Escribe el pasado continuo de los verbos entre paréntesis.
1. They (eat) were eating in the restaurant on the corner when I saw them.
2. It (rain) ____________________ when I left home.
3. When you telephoned, I (have dinner) ____________________.
4. They (travel) ____________________ in Europe when they heard the news.
5. The baby (sleep) ____________________ soundly when I went to wake him.
6. He (just/order) ____________________ breakfast when I went to his hotel room.
7. I got sick while we (drive) ____________________ to my grandmother’s.
8. He (work) ____________________ in California when his father died.
9. I (just/take) ____________________ a nap when you called.
10. She (talk) ____________________ with Mr. Samuels when I saw her in the hall.
11. The accident happened while they (travel) ____________________ in Greece.
12. The flight attendant fell as she (get) ____________________ into a taxi.
13. The car (travel) ____________________ at high speed when it approached the corner.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
En estas frases usa el pasado continuo o el simple según lo requiera el contexto.
1. I (study) studied very diligently last night.
2. I (study) was studying last night when you called me on the phone.
3. While I (go) _______________ home last night, I saw a bad accident.
4. I (go) _______________ home by bus last night.
5. We (drive) _______________ to an amusement park yesterday.
6. We (drive) _______________ at about forty miles an hour when the accident happened.
7. We (have) _______________ our dinner when you phoned.
8. We (have) _______________ our dinner in Child’s Restaurant last night.
9. While I (come) _______________ to work this morning, I met an old friend.
10. I (come) _______________ to work on the bus this morning.
11. The wind (blow) _______________ hard when I came to work this morning.
12. The wind (blow) _______________ hard this morning.
13. It (rain) _______________ hard last night.
14. It (rain) _______________ hard when I left the office at five o’clock.
15. The son (shine) _______________ brightly when I got up this morning.
16. The sun (shine) _______________ brightly this morning.
17. At seven o’clock, when you telephoned, I (read) _______________ the newspaper.
18. I (read) _______________ two books last week.
19. I (sleep) _______________ soundly when the phone rang.
20. I (sleep) _______________ soundly last night.
21. June (play) _______________ the piano when I arrived.
22. As I (walk) _______________ home yesterday, I (meet) _______________ a blind
woman who (ask) _______________ me for directions to the subway.
23. It (rain) _______________ hard when I (leave) _______________ home this morning
24. Pete (fall) _______________ and (hurt) _______________ himself when he (ride)
_______________ his bicycle yesterday.
25. At five o’clock, when I (call) _______________ the Kennedys’ home, they (have)
_______________ dinner.
26. When the oil embargo (start) _______________, Sophia (live) _______________ in
Switzerland.
27. We (sit) _______________ on our front porch when Ms. Gold (drive) _______________
up in her new car.
28. As Terri (get) _______________ off the bus, she (slip) _______________ and (break)
_______________ her leg.
29. Mr. Cash (drive) _______________ at about forty miles an hour when the accident
(happen) _______________.
30. Your telegram (come) _______________ just as I (leave) _______________ my home.
31. Last night, just as we (leave) _______________ for the movies, some friends (call)
_______________ on us.
32. Nelson (talk) _______________ his boss when I last (see) _______________ him
33. At noon, when you (telephone) _______________, I (work) _______________ in my
garden.
PRETÉRITO PERFECTO
El Pretérito perfecto (Present Perfect) se construye con el presente del verbo TO HAVE más
el participio de pasado del verbo que necesitamos. El participio de pasado de los verbos
regulares se construye añadiendo “-ed” a la forma base (infinitivo sin TO) de los verbos
regulares. En los verbos irregulares usamos la palabra de la tercera columna:
walk - walked
talk - talked
see - saw - seen
come - came - come
Se usa para:
a) hablar de experiencias: algo que hemos hecho en alguna ocasión a lo largo de nuestra vida
SIN MENCIONAR EL MOMENTO (porque ello las colocaría en el pasado y habría que
utilizar el pasado simple)
Have you ever ridden a pony? - No, but I have ridden a horse
I have never played Monopoly
My brother has been to the USA
b) para dar noticias, hablar de cosas que se consideren recientes SIEMPRE SIN
MENCIONAR EL MOMENTO; como mucho, y para enfatizar la idea de que algo es
reciente podemos utilizar LATELY (últimamente), RECENTLY (recientemente, hace poco),
JUST (acabo de) ...
They have seen wolves in Sanabria lately
I have just seen Paul
c) para hablar de cosas que han sucedido desde algún momento en el pasado hasta el
presente:
I have always lived in Zamora
se pueden utilizar complementos de tiempo para concretar la duración. Entre ellos hay que
destacar SINCE que mencionará el momento en que empezó a ocurrir la acción, y que puede
ser
a) un número:
I have lived here since1984
3rd November
3:15
b) una acción, un evento
I have lived here since
my last birthday / I married her / I can remember
también se puede utilizar FOR, que siempre introducirá una cantidad de tiempo:
I have lived here for 3 years / 2 minutes / a long time / ever
FOR, SINCE
For muestra la longitude de la acción: He has worked there for six months.
Since muestra cuándo empezó la acción: He has worked there since February.
Cambia estas frases para introducer since en lugar de for. Intrtoduce todos los cambios que
sean necesarios.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
She has been sick for three days. -> She has been sick since Wednesday.
We have been living here for three years.
Sue has worked for that firm for six months.
I have not seen him for several days.
I have not eaten anything for two days.
We have been planning this trip for a year.
It has been raining steadily for eight hours.
I have not smoked a cigarette for two days.
We have been waiting for you for two hours.
He has been in hospital for almost a month.
Cambia estas frases para introducir for en lugar de since..
1. He has been absent since Monday. -> He has been absent for three days.
2. We haven’t seen them since February.
3. We have lived in the same house since 1980.
4. They have been friends since high school.
5. It has been snowing steadily since last night.
6. They have been living with her parents since they were married.
7. He has worked for that firm since 1981.
8. I have not seen her since last week.
9. The dog hasn’t eaten anything since Wednesday.
10. They haven’t sent him any money since last summer.
Como TO HAVE aquí funciona como auxiliar, las interrogativas se construyen conjugando
HAVE a la izquierda del sujeto (ver primer ejemplo arriba), y las negativas se construyen
colocando NOT a la derecha de HAVE
I have NOT lived there
Rellena los huecos con el pretérito perfecto de los verbos entre paréntesis
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
My cousin (never / MAKE) ____________________ a paper ship.
I (finally / MEET) ____________________ your sister. She’s very beautiful.
Don’t go in the garden. My father (just / MOW) ____________________ the lawn.
My sister (PAY) ____________________ for my books. She’s so nice.
(You / ever PUT) ____________________ on your socks inside out?
I (never / READ) ____________________ anything by Vargas Llosa.
The bell (just / RING) ____________________. Let’s go out.
I am tired because I (RUN) ____________________ all the way to the school.
No, I (never / SAY) ____________________ that.
(You / SEE) ____________________ my sister lately?
Where is your bike? - I (SELL) ____________________ it.
(You / already / SEND) ____________________ the letter to your brother?
Jim (SET) ____________________ the table
What a warm day! The sun (SHINE) ____________________ all day long.
Someone (SHOOT) ____________________ the policeman. He’s bleeding.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
El pretérito perfecto described una acción que ocurrió en un momento indeterminado en el
pasado.
I have read that book.
They have moved to Los Angeles.
También describe una acción que se ha repetido varias veces en el pasado.
I have read that book several times.
He has studied this lesson over and over.
Escribe el pretérito perfecto de los verbos entre paréntesis.
1. I (speak) have spoken to him about it several times.
2. We (finish) ____________________ all our homework.
3. He (visit) ____________________ us many times.
4. She (return) ____________________ my book at last.
5. I am afraid that I (lose) ____________________ my car keys.
6. You (be) ____________________ in Florida many times.
7. It (rain) ____________________ a lot this year.
8. We (learn) ____________________ many new words in this course.
9. I (tell) ____________________ Ed what you said.
10. I (hear) ____________________ that story before.
11. We (lend) ____________________ money to them several times.
12. Mr. Katz (go) ____________________ to South America to work.
13. They (make) ____________________ that same mistake several times.
14. She (see) ____________________ that movie three times.
15. Harvey (make) ____________________ and (lose) ___________________ several
fortunes.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Las oraciones de pretérito perfecto generalmente no mencionan los momentos exactos en que
ocurren las acciones. Para ello se suele utilizar el pasado simple.
He went to Boston yesterday. (Past)
He has gone to Boston several times. (Present Perfect)
I was here last night. (Past)
I have been here before. (Present Perfect)
Escribe el pasado simple o el pretérito perfecto según lo pida el contexto.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I (go) went to bed late last night; I (do) have done this many times lately.
Mr. Ashe (go) ____________________ to Chicago last week.
I (read) ____________________ that book several times.
I first (read) ____________________ it while I was on my vacation last summer.
I (be) ____________________ in Norfolk many times.
Mr. Dale (have) ____________________ little experience in teaching that subject.
Billy (fall) ____________________ as he was crossing the street.
I (see) ____________________ Diane a few days ago.
9. When the bell rang, Wade (jump) ____________________ from his seat and, (run)
____________________ from the room.
10. I (try) ________________ that restaurant again and again but I do not like the food there.
11. When I was young, I often (go) ____________________ fishing with my father.
12. I (complete) ____________________ writing my exercise at last.
13. You (start) ____________________ to study English last winter.
14. The day before yesterday, we (have) ____________________ a bad storm.
15. I hear that you (give) ____________________ up the idea of studying Russian.
16. I (never be) ____________________ to Italy.
17. It (be) ____________________ very cold yesterday.
18. We (learn) ____________________ many new words in this course.
19. The First World War (begin) ____________________ in 1914 and (end)
____________________ in 1918.
20. Rebecca says that she (lose) ____________________ her purse.
21. We (live) ______________________ in Washington from 1975 to 1980.
22. Before he came to the United States, Emil (work) ____________________ as a carpenter.
23. Since coming here, however, he (work) ______________________ as a clerk.
24. My former teacher was Miss Coe. I (study) ___________________ with her for one year.
25. My present teacher is Mr. Ming. I (study) __________________ with him for six months.
26. Juanita Chavez speaks English well because she (speak) ______________________
English all her life.
27. Earl (work) ______________________ hard all his life. (He is dead.)
28. Eric (work) ______________________ hard all his life. (He is alive)
29. Ms. Pate (leave) ______________________ New York last month and (work)
______________________ in Pittsburgh since then.
30. Gail, who is now in the fourth grade, (study) ____________________ English for two
years.
31. I myself (study) ______________________ English steadily since 1980.
32. Henry, who is now in the hospital, (be) ____________________ there for several weeks.
33. When I saw her, Linda (feel) ______________________ ill.
34. We (buy) ______________________ this car two years ago and (drive)
______________________ it 5,000 miles since then.
35. Up to the present time, I (never / be) _______________ further west than St. Louis.
USED TO
Además de estas formas verbales también hay que mencionar USED TO, que se utiliza para
hablar de un hábito pasado que ya no se tiene:
I used to bite my nails
Pepe used to be very shy.
Aunque también se usa para hablar de una ocurrencia pasada (no tiene por qué ser un hábito)
cuyas circunstancias ya han cambiado:
I used to live near the river. Now I live in the city center.
Cuando el hábito era voluntario, a veces podemos sustituirlo por “would”
He used to bite his = He would bite his nails
pero
He used to live near the river - He would live near the river (el uso de esta forma aquí
indicaría que el hombre insistía en vivir en esa zona, no que ello ocurriera por circunstancias
ajenas a su voluntad, que suele ser el caso con “he used to live near the river”)
La forma “used to” tiene dos posibles formas negativas:
didn’t use to o used not to
aunque últimamente la primera es más habitual.
No nos olvidemos que aunque esta forma se traduce por “solía”, la forma presente “suele” no
es “use to”, sino que usamos el presente simple del verbo que necesitemos con el adverbio de
frecuencia “usually”, “normally”, o cualquiera con esa idea.
Used to describes an action that was customary or that happened for some time in the past but
that does not happen at the present time.
We lived in Maryland before we moved here.
We used to live in Maryland.
I taught English for years; now I’m retired.
I used to teach English.
En estas oraciones cambia el verbo en cursive por la forma “used to”.
1.
2.
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4.
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7.
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12.
I walked to work. - I used to walk to work.
I never made so many mistakes in spelling.
The accounting department was on the 18th floor.
Tom was a good student and worked hard.
I bought all my clothes in that store.
This building was occupied by a large insurance firm.
Betty had charge of the transportation division.
Gary played the violin.
Laura went to the concert every week.
He never did his work poorly.
He took a great interest in his English lessons.
All meetings were held in the auditorium.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Marcus was the official interpreter for the company.
I smoked a great deal.
Mr. Earl worked in this office.
I never caught cold.
It was my custom to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day.
Traducir las siguiente frases al inglés
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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Mi vecino solía mostrarme su colección de mariposas.
Mi hermano no solía cerrar la puerta de su habitación.
Solía tener un vecino que cantaba muy mal.
En clase nunca solía sentarme en la primera mesa.
Mi perro solía dormir al lado de mi cama.
De pequeños solíamos deslizarnos por las escaleras.
El perro del ciego solía oler a los clientes.
Mi amigo solía entrar a hurtadillas en clase durante el recreo.
Esa chica no solía hablar mucho.
Aquella chica solía deletrear bastante mal.
No solíamos gastarnos nuestro dinero en el bar del cole.
Los padres no solían malcriar a sus hijos tanto como ahora.
Antes solíamos levantarnos para hablar con el profe.
Nadie solía robar en las clases.
Los chicos no solían decir tacos en la calle.
Ningún chico barría porque eso era trabajo de niñas.
GOING TO
Además, existe la forma verbal TO BE GOING TO que utilizamos para hablar de las
intenciones, esas cosas que se nos suelen ocurrir cerca de Nochevieja (y que se nos suelen
olvidar dos días después de Reyes), o determinaciones que tomamos después de ver el
boletín de notas (voy a estudiar más), de tener una bronca con el amigo íntimo (voy a confiar
más en él, no la vuelvo a engañar ...), pero siempre con la idea de que es algo que está en
nuestra cabeza, no hemos hecho ningún pacto con nadie, no hemos llegado a ningún acuerdo,
no hemos comprado ningún billete ni nada parecido: no es un plan concertado.
Hay que insistir en que la forma verbal es TO BE GOING TO, y que hay que conjugar el
verbo TO BE:
I am going to study harder from now on (de ahora en adelante)
you are going to be home in time for lunch
he is going to be nicer to his sister
we are going to write more often
you are going to do your homework
they are going to tidy their rooms every weekend
GOING TO Future Tense
Completa las siguientes oraciones con la forma going to, usando los verbos entre paréntesis.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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14.
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18.
They (visit) are going to visit us next weekend.
We (eat) ____________________________ out tonight.
I (leave) ____________________________ for Europe on Tuesday.
They (wait) ____________________________ for us after the show.
We (get) ____________________________ up early tomorrow morning and go fishing.
She (drive) ____________________________ to California.
We (go) ____________________________ to Canada on our vacation.
You (have) ____________________________ an examination in mathematics tomorrow.
They (go) ____________________________ to Europe by plane.
Mike (take) ____________________________ Alice to the dance tonight.
It (be) ____________________________ difficult to reach him at this late hour.
I believe that it (rain) ____________________________.
Henry (study) ____________________________ to be a doctor.
You (stay) ____________________________ home tonight and watch television.
Mr. and Mrs. Blake (build) ______________________ a summer home on Merritt Island.
He (start) ____________________________ his new job next week.
They (move) ____________________________ the factory to the suburbs.
It (be) ____________________________ another warm day.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE Future Time
Cuando queremos hablar de un plan concertado (ya lo hemos acordado con alguien, se lo
hemos prometido, ya hemos llamado a la abuela para quedar con ella ...) Utilizamos el
presente continuo que ya hemos visto más arriba
Tomorrow I am having lunch with my grandmother (ya he quedado con ella)
We are spending our summer holidays at Benidorm (ya hemos hablado con la agencia de
viajes)
Completa las siguientes oraciones usando el presente continuo de los verbos entre
paréntesis.
1. When (you / leave) are you leaving for Rome? I hear that Charlene (leave) is leaving next
Saturday.
2. My brother (come) ____________________ to visit me next week.
3. What time (you / go) ________ to the movies tonight? Ron says that he (go) ____ at
9:00.
4. Coretta (sail) ___________________ for England on the Queen Elizabeth II on Saturday.
5. When (come) _____ Ms Green _____ to see you?
6. Tony says that he (leave) ____________________ for Chicago on the fifteenth.
7. I (go) ____________________ to the seashore on my vacation.
8. Mr. Schwartz (arrive) ____________________ on Pan Am flight 109 this evening.
9. Where (you / go) ____________________ on your vacation? _____ your wife (go) _____
with you?
10. Mr. Zane (leave) ____________________ for Utah in the morning.
11. Some friends (come) ____________________ to visit us tonight.
12. She (go) ____________________ to Philadelphia on Wednesday, but her husband _____
not (go) _____ until next week.
13. On what bus _____ your friend (arrive) _____?
14. He (come) ____________________ in on a Trailways bus which arrives at eight o'clock.
15. Mr. Wye (fly) ____________________ to Dallas on Saturday.
16. I (leave) ____________________ for Houston in the morning.
17. On what train _____ Mr. North (leave) _____?
Futuro con WILL: Se utiliza para
a) hablar del futuro haciendo premociones:
In the future cars will fly.
My city will be very important in the future.
b) hablar de decisiones momentáneas (=en el momento de tomar esa decisión):
(Llaman al timbre) I’ll get it
(Despedida) I’ll see you tomorrow
c) en las oraciones condicionales del primer tipo para hablar de una acción específica:
If I don’t go home right now my mother will kill me
o como alternativa al presente en verdades universales y otros:
if you heat water over 100ºC it will boil
if you walk under a ladder you’ll be unlucky
El futuro con will se forma con WILL y la forma base (infinitivo sin TO) del verbo que
necesitamos:
I will go (I’ll go)
you will go (you’ll go)
he will go (he’ll go)
she will go (she’ll go)
it will go (it’ll go)
we will go (we’ll go)
you will go (you’ll go)
they will go (they’ll go)
Completa estas oraciones con la forma futuro “will” de los verbos entre paréntesis.
1. He (call) will call you tomorrow.
2. They (see) __________ us in the morning.
3. I (give) __________ you that money tomorrow.
4. She (help) __________ you with that work.
5. Mary (clean) __________ off the table right away.
6. The stores (close) __________ early today.
7. I (leave) __________ the tip.
8. Helen (find) __________ the book which you need.
9. You (spend) __________ a lot of money there.
10. John (do) __________ well in that job.
11. The wind (blow) __________ that sign down.
12. We (meet) __________ you in Grand Central Station.
13. I (pay) __________ the bill.
14. You (learn) __________ a great deal in that course.
15. We (remain) __________ in Mexico about a month.
WILL es una forma auxiliar, así que la forma negativa se construye añadiendo NOT a la
derecha de WILL y la forma interrogativa poniendo WILL a la izquierda del sujeto y la forma
base del verbo principal a la derecha del sujeto:
I will not go / will you go?
FUTURE TENSE Questions
Haz preguntas sobre las palabnras subrayadas.
1. They’ll arrive on Wednesday. - When Will they arrive?
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I’ll be back at three o’clock.
The stores will be open until six o’clock.
It’ll cost $20.75 to fix the lamp.
The plant will die because of lack of sunshine.
They’ll spend two months in France.
She’ll meet us in the supermarket.
They’ll pay their bill next week.
The meeting will begin at eight o’clock.
It’ll lose an hour.
She’ll leave a message on the table for him.
You’ll return in October.
There will be three new students in the class.
The lesson will be over at three o’clock.
They’ll write to us on Wednesday.
He’ll take the children to the park.
We’ll stay in the Hotel Americana.